Ravensburg

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Ravensburg
Ravensburg
Map of Germany, position of the city of Ravensburg highlighted

Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '  N , 9 ° 37'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Tübingen
County : Ravensburg
Local government association: Middle Schussental
Height : 450 m above sea level NHN
Area : 92.05 km 2
Residents: 50,623 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 550 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 88212-88214
Primaries : 0751, 07504, 07546
License plate : RV, SLG , ÜB , WG
Community key : 08 4 36 064
City structure: Core city and 3 localities

City administration address :
Marienplatz 26
88212 Ravensburg
Website : www.ravensburg.de
Lord Mayor : Daniel Rapp ( CDU )
Location of the city of Ravensburg in the Ravensburg district
Bayern Bodenseekreis Landkreis Biberach Landkreis Sigmaringen Achberg Aichstetten Aitrach Altshausen Amtzell Argenbühl Aulendorf Bad Waldsee Bad Wurzach Baienfurt Baindt Berg (Schussental) Bergatreute Bodnegg Boms Boms Ebenweiler Ebersbach-Musbach Eichstegen Eichstegen Fleischwangen Fronreute Grünkraut Guggenhausen Guggenhausen Guggenhausen Guggenhausen Horgenzell Hoßkirch Isny im Allgäu Kißlegg Königseggwald Königseggwald Leutkirch im Allgäu Ravensburg Riedhausen Schlier (Gemeinde) Unterwaldhausen Vogt (Gemeinde) Waldburg (Württemberg) Wangen im Allgäu Weingarten (Württemberg) Wilhelmsdorf (Württemberg) Wolfegg Wolpertswende Bodenseemap
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City flag

Ravensburg ([ ˈʁaːvn̩sbʊʁk ] or [ ˈʁaːfn̩sbʊʁk ]) is a medium- sized town and district town and largest town in the district of the same name in southern Upper Swabia . The former Free Imperial City is located in the Schussental not far from Lake Constance and was formerly known as "Swabian Nuremberg" due to its numerous, well-preserved medieval towers. Ravensburg has been a major district town since April 1, 1956 .

geography

Geographical location

View from the west during the day ...
… and at night

Ravensburg is located about 17 km ( straight line ) north-northeast of the Lake Constance situated Friedrichshafen between the Linzgau the west and the Altdorf Forest in the Northeast. The city is traversed by the Schussen (Lake Constance or Rhine inflow).

Veitsburg Castle (above the old town of Ravensburg) lies on a ridge that borders the Schussental Basin in the east. This basin - which was not formed by the comparatively small Schussen, but by an Ice Age glacier tongue that advanced from the Alps over Lake Constance to the north - narrows near Ravensburg, only to widen slightly north of Weingarten , until it enters the tight shot tobel passes. To the northeast of the castle hill, the deeply cut gorge of the Flappach valley breaks through the ridge. The Flappachtal offers a rather gentle ascent option in the direction of Allgäu , so an important route for long-distance trade ran there early on via Wangen im Allgäu to the southeast.

The city of Ravensburg arose halfway below the Veitsburg on the slope towards the Schussen; the Flappach was routed as a city stream partially through the city, partially through the northern city moat. Outside the city walls there was the Mühlenvorstadt in the Flappach Valley and below the city at the outlet of the Flappach to the Schussen the tanner and dye quarter Pfannenstiel . In the Middle Ages, on the western slope of the Schussental valley opposite the city, there was the place of execution known as the Galgenhalde and to the north of it the Sennerbad . Above this, the “Weststadt” development area was built in the middle of the 20th century.

At the same time, the city grew to the north and south, so that today a continuous band of settlements has formed on the east side of the Schussental from Baindt in the north via Baienfurt , Weingarten and Ravensburg to Eschach in the south.

Neighboring communities

The following cities and communities border the city of Ravensburg. They are enumerated clockwise from west to north to south:

Horgenzell , Berg , Weingarten , Schlier , Grünkraut and Bodnegg (all districts of Ravensburg) as well as Tettnang , Meckenbeuren , Friedrichshafen and Oberteuringen (all districts of Lake Constance ).

City structure

The urban area consists of the core city (with the historic old town and city extensions in the north, south and east as well as the new development area Weststadt) and the former communities of Adelsreute in the southwest, Eschach in the south, Schmalegg in the west and Taldorf in the 1970s Southwest of the city center.

The incorporated municipalities (excluding Adelsreute belonging to Taldorf) today both villages within the meaning of Baden-Wuerttemberg Municipal Code, that is, they each have one of the eligible voters in each local election to be elected Ortschaftsrat with a mayor as chairman. In each of the localities there is a local administration, more or less a “town hall on site”, the head of which is the mayor.

Almost all city districts and the core city still have many spatially separated residential areas with their own names, which often have only a few residents, or residential areas with their own names, whose names have emerged in the course of development and whose boundaries are usually not precisely defined. The following are to be mentioned in detail:

  • in the core city : Albertshofen, Allehaben, Bibenloch, Brielhäusle, Büchel, Burach, Deisenfang, Ergathof, Felz, Friedberg, Heimbrand, Semper, Hinzistobel, Hochberg, Hochweiher, Höll, Hub, Ittenbeuren, Karmeliterhof, Knollengraben, Krebsergut, Krebserösch, Langgut, Locherhof, Lumper, Molldiete, new building, Pelzmühle, Sankt Christina, Schmalzgrub, Strauben, Ummenwinkel, Veitsburg, Vogelhäusle
  • to Eschach : Aich, Bauren, Benzenhof, Blaser, Bottenreute, Brugger, Fidazhofen, Fildenmoos, Furt, Gornhofen, Gutenfurt, Höllholz, Hüttenberg, Karrer, Kemmerlang, Kögel, Lachen, Mariatal, Neuberg, Obereschach, Oberhofen, Obersulgen, Obertennenmoos, Rahlen , Rasthalde, Schwärzach, Sickenried, Strietach, Tennenmoos, Teuringer, Torkenweiler, Untereschach, Vorderesolbach, Waidenhofen, Weiherstobel, Weingartshof, Weißenau
  • to Schmalegg : Aich, Aulwangen, Bächen, Bernhofen, Briel, Brielhäusle, Bronnetsholz, Burgmühle, Buttenmühle, Eschau, Funkenhausen, Ganter, Geratsberg, Greckenhof, Gringen, Hagenbach, Hasenwinkel, Hinterweißried, Hochstätt, Hübscher, Jägerhaus, Krähenhof, Kübler, Luß , Mocken, Mühlsteig, Nessenbach, Nestbühl, Neuaulwangen, Neuhagenbach, Oberhagenbach, Obermeckenhof, Okatreute, Schlegel, Schmucker, Schwarzensteg, Trutzenweiler, Untermeckenhof, Unterwaldhausen, Unterwolfsberg, Vorderweissenried, Wippenreute, Wolfsberg, Zinsländer
  • to Taldorf : Adelsreute, Albersfeld, Alberskirch, Bandeleshaus, Bavendorf, Bergle, Bonhausen, Dürnast, Eggartskirch, Erbenweiler, Ettmannsschmid, Georgshof, Herrgottsfeld, Höll, Hotterloch, Hütten, Metzisweiler, Oberklöcken, Oberweiler, Oberzell, Rappenhaushof bei, Renzellauer, , Reute near Taldorf, Riesenhof, Schaufel, Schuhmacher, Sederlitz, Segner, Unterlöcken, Vogler, Waidhalden, Weiherhofbauer, Wernsreute.

Spatial planning

Map of the central areas in the Bodensee-Oberschwaben region

Ravensburg together with Weingarten and Friedrichshafen , the regional center of Upper Swabia region . Ravensburg and Weingarten also take on the function of the middle center for their catchment area . The central area includes the southwestern municipalities of the Ravensburg district with 129,507 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2011), in addition to Ravensburg and Weingarten, the following municipalities:

climate

Due to its location in a valley basin that widens towards Lake Constance, the local climate is very much determined by Lake Constance . The approximately 500 km² lake has a strong balancing effect on the regional mesoclimate in most years , as it acts as a seasonal temperature store. Therefore, winter frosts are much weaker here than in the surrounding area; on the other hand, winter also lasts longer when the lake freezes over in particularly cold winters (as most recently in 1963). A side effect of the heating is the frequent occurrence of Lake Constance fog in the cold season, when the warmer and therefore more humid layers of air coming up from the lake meet the colder ambient air.

Like the entire foothills of the Alps, Ravensburg is also familiar with the phenomenon of the foehn wind , which brings warm air from the Mediterranean region over the Alps , which then falls as a fall wind into the Rhine Valley and also reaches Ravensburg via Lake Constance. Sometimes the foehn reaches a hurricane-like speed.

The special climatic conditions have favored viticulture for centuries despite the altitude (between 450 and 500  m above sea level ); Temporary climatic deterioration at the end of the 18th and first half of the 19th century (including a year without the summer of 1816 due to the Tambora eruption ) heralded the decline. The last privately cultivated vineyard was given up around 1960; Since the late 1970s, the city has been operating a vineyard on the Rauenegg slope again.

history

Origin of name

The etymological origin of the place name is not certain, but there is no doubt that the city got its name from the castle above the city, known today as Veitsburg . A widespread theory of the origin of the castle name says that the first part of the name is derived from Rabe or a Raban , who originally founded the castle. In addition, the earlier spelling Ravenspvrg , based on Latin, can be interpreted as Rauenburg , which means that it can also be traced back to a rough slope near the castle.

The place name changed in the course of history from Ravenspurch in 1088 via Ravensberc (1231) and Ravensburg (1323) to the present form.

founding

The first settlements existed as early as the Neolithic around 2000 BC. BC, then under Roman rule and after the invasion of the Alamanni, as archaeological finds in the Schussental and on the Veitsburghügel have proven. Ravensburg was first mentioned in a document in 1088 and was a free imperial city until 1803 . According to current knowledge, the core of today's city emerged as a Burgsassen settlement below the mighty ancestral castle of the Guelphs on the ridge between Flappach- and Schussental.

The first castle of the Guelphs stood in Altdorf-Weingarten before they built a new, larger castle, the "Ravensburg" around 1050 (today Veitsburg after the castle chapel consecrated to Sankt Veit ). Excavation findings suggest that the site of the castle was leveled as a refuge as early as the Celtic times and was separated from the rest of the ridge by a ditch, but lay fallow in Roman times and afterwards. The Guelph, later Hohenstaufen castle occupied the rear, northwestern part of the plateau, while the front probably served as a tournament and festival area, for example during the wedding celebrations for Frederick the Fair and his wife Elisabeth of Aragón in 1315.

The last Welf on the Ravensburg was Welf VI. , Duke of Spoleto . After the death of his son, he bequeathed the Schussengau with Ravensburg and Altdorf to his nephew, the Staufer Friedrich I Barbarossa , by inheritance contract , and thus disappointed his other nephew, Heinrich the Lion , Duke of Bavaria and Saxony (the 1129/1130 or 1133/1135 possibly born on the Ravensburg). From then on, Ravensburg belonged to the Staufer family. Supposedly Konradin , the last Staufer, set out from here on his fateful Italian expedition.

Imperial city

With the fall of the Staufer, the Duchy of Swabia also ended as a political body. Like many other cities in Swabia, Ravensburg ruled itself from then on, the castle became imperial property. In 1276 the Habsburg King Rudolf I confirmed the imperial city privileges of Ravensburg. From then on, the imperial governor of the imperial bailiwick of Swabia sat at the castle .

In order to monitor what was going on in the Reichsburg, the imperial city built the over 50-meter-high Sankt-Michaels-Turm at the highest point of the city, named after the Michaelskapelle, the oldest church in the city. In the vernacular, this tower was soon called Mehlsack , as a corruption of the official name as well as with reference to the tower's white color. The fact that the tower was also used as a flour store at times probably belongs to the realm of legends. Today “Mehlsack” is the official name of this only round tower of the city fortifications.

With strategic foresight it was prevented that competition would arise in the immediate vicinity: Together with the Weingarten Monastery, successful interventions were made to the benefit of both parties to prevent the neighboring community of Altdorf from becoming an imperial city.

Large Ravensburger trading company and city extensions

View from Veitsburg : on the right the Obertor , on the left the
Mehlsack tower

In the late Middle Ages , Ravensburg was the seat of the Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft , the leading German trading company at the time , which had branches all over Europe (before the Fuggers ).

The rapid economic development, especially in the 14th century, led to the city area being expanded several times. Most striking is the inclusion of the so-called lower town in the town fortifications and the demolition of the old town wall between the two districts (1330-1370). On the area of ​​the old, filled-in city moat, the square, which today still defines the cityscape, today called Marienplatz , was created between the Frauentor in the north and the Kästlinstor in the south, which was demolished in the 19th century .

Around 1530 the large Ravensburger trading company went under. By this time the leading families had already acquired country estates and manors. There was strife between different branches of the family, especially the Augsburg merchants crowded into the area served by the Ravens burgers routes - and the development of America by Christopher Columbus had led to profound changes in the European long-distance trade. Ultimately, there were not enough shareholders ready to extend the contracts at regular intervals.

At the end of the 14th century, an important paper production was established in Ravensburg , which had its heyday in the 16th century. In the Middle Ages, Ravensburg was the largest paper supplier north of the Alps and, after Nuremberg, was the second city to ever produce paper in Germany. This gave the city a distinctive economic character until the 19th century. The first Ravensburger paper production can be traced back to 1393 via watermarks. In the heyday of production, around 9,000 reams of paper were produced annually . The decline began with the end of the imperial city period and the affiliation to Württemberg, when old sales markets fell away due to the new borders. The first of six paper mills closed in 1833 and the last in 1876.

Reformation and parity

Ravensburg from the north-west before 1647, Veitsburg still intact, copper engraving by Matthäus Merian

In 1544 the reformation was introduced at the instigation of the guilds . At first there were big differences between the supporters of Luther and Zwingli , but the Lutherans were finally able to prevail. There were also supporters of Kaspar Schwenckfeld . After the Schmalkaldic War from 1547, however, there was a countermovement and a re-Catholicization of large parts of the population began. In terms of numbers, the Catholics then again had the majority.

The coexistence of both denominations was called parity, but this was not formally established until after the Thirty Years' War in 1649. The Protestant community received the nave of the Carmelite Church as a place of worship, which was henceforth called the city church. The parity system of government included equal rights and the exact distribution of offices in equal parts between Catholics and Protestants; it was activated by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 for the four so-called parity imperial cities of Ravensburg, Augsburg , Biberach and Dinkelsbühl . It existed until the 19th century.

The city, which was already economically weakened - partly due to the relocation of trade routes to Augsburg - suffered a sharp decline in population (due to hunger and epidemics ) during the Thirty Years' War. She found it difficult to recover from this in the centuries that followed. So there was no further city expansion until modern times, the cityscape remained largely unchanged until the 19th century.

Towards the end of the Thirty Years War, the castle above the town - now also called Veitsburg to distinguish it from the town of Ravensburg - was razed by Swedish troops. Only a few farm buildings remained. The bailiff of the Reichslandvogtei Swabia therefore resided in Altdorf-Weingarten from 1647 .

End of the imperial city independence

1803 was the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the imperial immediacy of most imperial cities canceled ( media coverage ) and church, yet also rich immediate property, nationalized ( secularization ). Both measures served, among other things, to provide territorial compensation to imperial princes who had lost territories on the left bank of the Rhine as a result of the Napoleonic conquests.

The city was initially added to Bavaria (see Regional Court of Ravensburg (Bavarian administrative unit) ). Since the surrounding Habsburg lands fell to Württemberg and the monasteries Weingarten and Weißenau were in turn assigned to other imperial princes, an enclave situation arose that was economically very detrimental. It was not until 1810 that Ravensburg came to the Kingdom of Württemberg after an exchange of territory in the Allgäu - confirmed by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 - which had previously also acquired the vast territories of Weingarten (including today's castle in Friedrichshafen ). The city became the seat of the Oberamt Ravensburg .

19th century

Tyrolean Swabian children in Ravensburg 1895

With the affiliation to the Kingdom of Württemberg, a gradual economic recovery began. The industrial development was based mainly on the long tradition in the use of water power. One of the first paper mills north of the Alps was built in Ravensburg as early as 1402 ; Watermills have long been used for other industrial purposes as well.

Building on this, a diverse mechanical engineering branch quickly developed; Another mainstay was textile production. With the construction of the Ulm – Friedrichshafen line from 1847 onwards, the connection to the Wuerttemberg railway network contributed significantly to the upswing. In the 19th century, the Swabian children , who came from poor farming backgrounds in Tyrol and Switzerland, were placed in Ravensburg at the “Hütekindermarkt”.

Around the middle of the 19th century, Ravensburg was the largest and most industrially developed city in Upper Swabia and also a political center of the region.

20th century

Bird's eye view of Ravensburg on a postcard from Eugen Felle , used in 1921
Ravensburger Marienplatz 1960
Construction of the residential area erase center in the western city, 1960

During the administrative reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg , Ravensburg became the seat of the enlarged district of the same name in 1938 .

Euthanasia murders

During the National Socialist era, 691 patients from the Weissenau psychiatric sanatorium were murdered as victims of " Operation T4 " in the Grafeneck killing facility .

Nazi genocide of Sinti and Roma

The city ​​of Ravensburg interned the Sinti resident in the city in the communal gypsy camp Ummenwinkel . In March 1943, 34 Ravensburger Sinti were deported from Ravensburg via Stuttgart to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. Most of them were murdered there or in subsequent concentration camps or death marches as part of the Nazi genocide of Sinti and Roma . In addition, other Ravensburger Sinti were killed in the Nazi genocide: some fled to Austria and were deported from there; Anton Köhler, born in Ravensburg, was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau by the Kripo with other Sinti children from the St. Joseph Foster Care in Mulfingen.

Expulsion of the Jewish population and Shoah

The Jews residing in Ravensburg at that time were forced to flee , like Suse (Schoschana) and Peter (Pinchas) Erlanger and their parents Ludwig Erlanger and Fanni, née Herrmann; some like their grandfather Josef Herrmann murdered in the Shoah .

Air strikes

During the Second World War, Ravensburg was hardly affected by air raids by the Allies, so the historical structure was completely preserved.

From 1945

In 1945 the city came under the French occupation zone and in 1947 it became part of the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern , which was incorporated into the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952.

Urban development

From the 1950s in particular, the city was expanded in all directions with residential areas; the largest of these is the Weststadt , now the most populous district. After the population had already exceeded the limit of 20,000 in the 1930s, the city was declared a major district town by law when the Baden-Württemberg municipal code came into force on April 1, 1956.

In the 1970s, the city continued to grow through the incorporation of some villages in the surrounding area, especially in the south and west (today's districts of Eschach , Schmalegg and Taldorf ).

Incorporations

The following communities were incorporated into the city of Ravensburg. Before the district reform, they belonged mainly to the Ravensburg district, Adelsreute was still part of the Überlingen district until January 1, 1969 and was then incorporated into the Ravensburg district.

  • April 1, 1939: Weingarten - became an independent town again on April 1, 1946
  • January 1, 1972: Schmalegg
  • February 1, 1972: Taldorf
  • February 1, 1974: Eschach
  • October 1, 1974: Adelsreute
  • The reincorporation of Weingarten, which was also ordered, had to be reversed following complaints to the administrative court. The relationship between the two cities has been shaped for a long time by jealous vested interests.

Outsourcing

The place Tepfenhart, which originally belonged to the municipality of Adelsreute, was reclassified to Horgenzell on December 1, 1974.

Population development

Population numbers according to the respective area (but without Weingarten 1939). The figures are census results (¹) or official updates from the respective statistical offices ( main residences only ).

Population development of Ravensburg.svgPopulation development of Ravensburg - from 1871
Desc-i.svg
Population development in Ravensburg according to the table below. Above from 1300 to 2017. Below an excerpt from 1871
year Residents
1300 approx. 1,500
1500 approx. 4,500
1648 approx. 2,000
1789 3,381
1823 3,770
1855 5,961
December 1, 1871 ¹ 8,433
December 1, 1880¹ 10,550
December 1, 1900 ¹ 13,453
December 1, 1910¹ 15,594
June 16, 1925 ¹ 17,012
June 16, 1933 ¹ 18,930
May 17, 1939 ¹ 21,995
September 13, 1950 ¹ 25,889
year Residents
June 6, 1961 ¹ 31,269
May 27, 1970 ¹ 32,068
December 31, 1975 42,725
December 31, 1980 42,269
May 25, 1987 ¹ 43,913
December 31, 1990 45,650
December 31, 1995 46,620
December 31, 2000 47,768
December 31, 2005 48.994
December 31, 2010 49,774
May 9, 2011 (census) 48.394
December 31, 2015 49,830
December 31, 2016 50,095
December 31, 2017 50,393
December 31, 2018 50,623

¹ census result

On September 30, 2011, Ravensburg had more than 50,000 inhabitants for the first time.

politics

Municipal council

The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the result shown in the following charts:

Allocation of seats from 2019 in the Ravensburg municipal council
3
11
4th
2
3
10
11 4th 10 
A total of 33 seats
BfR = Citizens for Ravensburg
Ravensburg town hall
City council election 2019
Turnout: 57.3% (2014: 46.3%)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
33.0%
29.2%
12.3%
9.9%
8.4%
5.4%
1.1%
0.6%
0.1%
BfR c
MW h
PV i
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 12
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
+ 10.2  % p
-6.5  % p
+ 0.8  % p
-5.3  % p
-1.1  % p
+1.2  % p
+1.1  % p
+ 0.6  % p
-0.1  % p
BfR c
MW h
PV i
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
c Citizens for Ravensburg
h human world
i Phoenix Veritas

mayor

At the head of the city of Ravensburg was an Ammann from the 13th century, who was the sole head of the city until 1348. Then there was the mayor and the Ammann was only chairman of the court. A council is also mentioned around 1220. In 1531 the city received a new council order with three mayors who formed the "secret council" with two secret councilors. After the Thirty Years' War there were two mayors and four secret councils with equal denomination (Protestant and Catholic). In 1803 the Bavarian administration and from 1810 the Württemberg administration was established. After that there was a city school and the council. With the new municipal code of 1906, the title of city ​​school was replaced by the title of mayor . The new municipal code eliminated the lifelong mayor's office, but allowed re-election. Today the Lord Mayor is elected for a term of eight years. He is chairman of the municipal council and head of the city administration. The mayor has an alderman as a full-time deputy. He bears the official title of "First Mayor".

Stadtschultheiß , until 1906

Lord Mayor , from 1906

Administrative association

The city of Ravensburg is the seat of the Mittleres Schussental community administration association .

coat of arms

City coat of arms on the town hall bay from 1571
City flag

The motif of the coat of arms of Ravensburg is first documented on city seals in 1267/1268. It shows an open city gate between two defensive towers and thus symbolizes the defensiveness and openness of the Free Imperial City at the same time.

Description of coat of arms : In silver on a brick console, a double-towered blue castle with a raised portcullis; between the tin towers a blue shield with a silver cross with paws on it .

From December 19, 1940 to the spring of 1946, the city of Ravensburg had a slightly modified coat of arms, on which instead of the blue shield with a silver cross, a red Guelph lion with a red shield (with a silver crossbar) was depicted. These colors and symbols come from the coat of arms of the then incorporated neighboring town of Weingarten.

The Ravensburg localities do not have their own official coat of arms, but unofficially use the coat of arms of the formerly independent communities of Eschach , Schmalegg and Taldorf (there together with the coat of arms of the former community of Adelsreute).

flag

The city flag is blue and white and is mostly used with the city coat of arms.

Heimatlied and Heimattage

The homeland song Mein Ravensburg in Schwabenland by senior teacher Wilhelm Mayer from 1924 is considered an unofficial hymn. Originally, the song was sung to a melody by Karl Friedrich Zelter ; since 1952 a specially composed melody by G. Heim has been used. The first three stanzas of the Heimatlied are often sung, especially at the events of the Rutenfest ; many Ravensburger therefore know it by heart.

In 1982 the Baden-Württemberg Home Days took place in Ravensburg .

Town twinning

Ravensburg maintains city ​​partnerships with the following cities:

Partnership relationships of districts:

Attractions

Buildings in the old town

Adlerstrasse 29 in the lower town

The historical cityscape could be preserved despite the partial demolition of the old city ​​wall , the stones of which were used in the 19th century to build the train station and to build factories. During the Second World War , Ravensburg was spared major attacks by the Allied air force due to its strategic and armaments-industrial insignificance and also thanks to a large, Swiss- run Red Cross supply center . Redevelopment building sins , especially in the 1970s, were limited. In the 1980s, the old town was extensively renovated and closed to through traffic.

The elongated Marienplatz stretches through the entire old town from the Green Tower in the north to the Hirschgraben street in the south and divides it into two different parts:

  • The upper town east of the square is mainly characterized by large patrician houses.
  • The lower town to the west, with the exception of Bachstrasse, is largely geometrically laid out and characterized by smaller craftsmen's houses.

Around Marienplatz

Marienplatz: town hall on the right,
Waaghaus with blower tower at the back

in the south on the west side of the square:

north then on the east side:

  • Kornhaus , temporarily the seat of the Upper Swabian fruit exchange , today the city library
  • Town hall , with richly decorated historical council halls
  • Waaghaus with the Blaserturm , formerly the municipal mint and calibration office and a department store

opposite the Waaghaus between the two exits from Bachstrasse:

  • Lederhaus , guild and department store of tanners

Two streets leave the square to the north of the weighing house. Marktstrasse leads south-east to Obertor , Kirchstrasse parallel to the square northwards to Frauentor . On their east side are:

  • Weingartener Hof , the former townhouse of four kilometers northern kingdom Weingarten Abbey now houses the office with the tourism office
  • Church of Our Lady
  • Frauentor , here the square expands east to Kirchstrasse

In the upper town

Patrician house in the upper town
  • The old theater in Marktstrasse, also known as Brotlaube , is a baroque multifunctional building with a market hall on the ground floor and a municipal theater (today the municipal gallery) on the upper floor.
  • The Humpisviertel is one block near the Obertor, which once belonged to the Humpis family , who moved from Altdorf around 1300 ; was renovated and converted into the city museum (opened in July 2009).

Towers and gates of the city fortifications

Wall at the Hirschgraben
  • Blaserturm , 51 meters high, part of the city fortifications before the city was expanded in the 14th century, then a central watchtower in the city center, collapsed in a storm in 1552 and rebuilt in the Italian Renaissance style from 1553–1556

The last wall ring includes:

  • Mehlsack , also 51 meters high tower, the symbol of the city
  • Frauentor , city gate to the north.
The tower burned down completely on March 14, 1982. Three firefighters lost their lives and one was seriously injured
  • Obertor , on the southeast corner of the old town
  • Sauturm or Spitalturm , southwest corner tower of the former city fortifications, which served as stables for the municipal Heilig-Geist-Spital and derives one of its two names from it
  • Untertor , city gate to the west
  • Painted tower , north-western corner tower with elaborate ornamental painting
  • Green Tower , north-eastern corner tower of the lower town, connected to the Frauentor by the former municipal construction hut; the name goes back to the green glazed roof tiles
  • Schellenbergerturm , southeast corner tower of the upper town; Partly destroyed due to a lightning strike with subsequent fire, popularly known as the Katzelieselesturm (after a legendary resident)
  • several smaller tower bastions which, as gun emplacements, divide the long sides of the city wall

Sights outside the old town

Church buildings are dealt with - sometimes in detail - under Culture → Religions .

Art in public space

Sculpture by Peter Lenk in memory of the "Swabian Children"

The cross fountain on Frauentorplatz is decorated with a crucifixion group from the 17th century. The originals of the figures were replaced by copies in the 20th century for reasons of conservation.

A war memorial from 1878 with a Germania statue by Josef Dressel (in the old cemetery on Georgstrasse) and a bust of Kaiser Wilhelm on Karlstrasse are examples of 19th century monuments. When the Kaiser Wilhelm monument was erected in 1888, a scandal broke out because the Catholic population did not take part in the inauguration due to the culture war. A large number of grave monuments from the 19th and early 20th centuries have been preserved in the Ravensburg main cemetery.

In the 1960s, too, the planned installation of a sculpture aroused heated discussions between the denominations: a Marian column donated as a peace column based on a vow of war was vehemently rejected by the Protestant population at Marienplatz. The column designed by the artist Maria Elisabeth Stapp was then set up on Wilhelmstrasse near the Catholic Church of Our Lady (and later moved a little to its current location on Herrenstrasse).

The fountain sculpture Caide by the Ravensburg-born sculptor Robert Schad (only known to the public as the Schad fountain ) is on the northern Marienplatz. Schad himself interpreted the multi-part sculpture as a representation of “head and belly people”. The list in the early 1990s was accompanied by heated controversy. The originally planned location between the council house and the leather house was discarded, and Schad's original competition design was criticized as unsuitable. After changes by Robert Schad, the fountain could be set up at its current location. Afterwards, residents criticized the noise development, so that additional noise-absorbing metal grids had to be built into the pool.

The western entrance to the city (at the confluence with the western city from the direction of Meersburg) is marked by the sculpture Das Blaue Haus by Ottmar Hörl from 1997/1998.

The sculpture Ravensburger Kindermarkt by Peter Lenk was privately installed in 2002 on the corner of a house in Bachstrasse and shows a Swabian child carrying a servant on his shoulders, who in turn has a clergyman on his shoulders. Background: up to March 1914, poor mountain farmer children from Tyrol, Vorarlberg and Graubünden were employed as seasonal workers on farms in Upper Swabia and Allgäu, who were placed with farmers at the Ravensburger “Hütekindermarkt” in Bachstrasse.

The monumental wooden sculpture Ibykus II by Klaus Prior was erected in 2011 on a private initiative in Upper Marktstrasse .

Museums

From 2009 to 2013 a “museum quarter” with four new museums was built in downtown Ravensburg:

  • On July 4, 2009, the Museum Humpis-Quartier opened on Marktstrasse, one of the largest cultural and historical museums in the Lake Constance-Upper Swabia region. The largest and best-preserved late medieval residential quarter in southwest Germany, the construction of which was started by the long-distance trading family Humpis around 1380, consists of seven buildings in which today the history and culture of the imperial city are to be authentically presented. The merchant Hans Humpis is followed back to the time when the " Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft " operated business with all of Europe, as well as other Ravensburger who lived in the quarter in later times.
  • The Ravensburger Museum on the corner of Marktstraße and Burgstraße shows books and games from the history of the Ravensburger Verlag and Otto Maier Verlag at the former publishing house. The building, located directly opposite the Humpis Quarter and once the home of the Möttelin long-distance trading family , was fundamentally rebuilt in 2009/2010 and opened as a museum in May 2010.
  • The Ravensburg Economic Museum in Marktstrasse is a foundation of the Kreissparkasse Ravensburg and was opened on October 27, 2012.
  • The Ravensburg Art Museum with permanent and temporary exhibitions of modern art was opened in March 2013 (Lederer + Ragnarsdóttir + Oei architects, Stuttgart). It is located on Burgstrasse next to the Ravensburger Museum .

Numerous modern paintings from the collection of the Ravensburg district are exhibited in the corridors of the district office (Friedenstraße). There are also several private galleries in Ravensburg that show temporary exhibitions.

The volunteer fire brigade operates a fire brigade museum with 15 large equipment and other exhibits in the fire station in the Salzstadel. The village of Eschach has its own local museum in Weißenau.

Theater set collection

Ravensburg has the largest collection of historical theater sets in Germany. It consists of 135 large-format brochures (approx. 10 × 5 meters) painted on canvas and 208 partition walls in various formats and techniques. The sets were created between 1902 and 1910 for the Ravensburger Theater. They have a uniform artistic style, a three-dimensional illusion painting . You put u. a. represent medieval cityscapes, council halls or views of Venice and could be used in several pieces.

The creation of the collection was favored by the fire at the Royal Württemberg Court Theater in Stuttgart in January 1902. After the fire, King Wilhelm II of Württemberg , who had a summer residence in nearby Friedrichshafen , sent the court theater ensemble to the former concert hall in Ravensburg, which repeatedly served as a replacement stage until 1910. The backdrops were made in two painting rooms in the Stuttgart Marsstall under the direction of Hofrat Wilhelm Plappert and then transported to Ravensburg. After the First World War, the performance practice changed, so that such sets were no longer needed.

The collection is stored in the theater's set house. Today, for reasons of fire protection , these backdrops can no longer be used for theater performances. However, digital reproductions were used in performances of Phantom of the Opera and Giulio Cesare in 2013.

Culture

Religions

Church of Our Lady

The area of ​​today's city of Ravensburg initially belonged to the diocese of Constance and was subordinate to the Archdiakonat Allgäu Landkapitel Ravensburg. At the end of the 15th century there was the first big wave of witch hunts in Europe. At least 48 women were burned alive as witches in the city of Ravensburg. There were also twelve acquittals, possibly related to appeals and guarantees from the respective families. The trials were partly led by the papal inquisitor Heinrich Institoris , the author of the soon-to-be-widespread witch's hammer . Further trials after indictments from secular authorities followed in the wider region and continued into the 17th century. As papal thanks, there was the power of attorney to sell indulgences for the church in the city.

Church of Our Lady

A Marienkirche is mentioned as a branch of Altdorf as early as 1250. In 1275 it became a parish church and from 1279 the Weingarten Abbey was incorporated . From 1340 to 1380 the parish church of Liebfrauen (COMMONS) was rebuilt on the site of the old St. Mary's Church, later there were several renovations. The original location of the Ravensburger Schutzmantelmadonna , a work of the Ulm student Michael Erhart, was also in the Liebfrauenkirche . The church remained incorporated into Weingarten Monastery until 1802. Opposite the church, the Weingarten monastery town house was built, which reflected the abundance of the monastery (today used as a technical town hall with a cultural and residents registration office).

Saint Jodok

Saint Jodok Church

In the 14th century, the Weißenau monastery and the town council of Sankt Jodok had Ravensburg's second parish church built. She was responsible for the lower town and was incorporated into the Weißenau monastery until 1802.
Another parish was established in the hamlet of Sankt Christina in the 13th century; a church of the same name was built in 1253. This parish was responsible for the south and west of Ravensburg and was also subordinate to Weißenau.

Evangelical town church

After a considerable part of the population converted to Protestantism, the Protestant community received the nave of the Carmelite Church, consecrated in 1349, for their divine deities. The choir of the church building remained in the possession of the Carmelite Order until 1806 ; the church was thus divided between the two denominations. A wall separated the two areas. For centuries disputes over the use of the church were fought; In the 17th century, for example, the Protestant sacristan and the Carmelites fought over who could mow the grass in the churchyard.

The Protestant parish in Ravensburg remained independent until 1802 and was then incorporated into the Evangelical Church in Württemberg . Ravensburg then became the seat of a deanery (see Ravensburg church district ). The Protestant town church in Ravensburg received a tower in 1842/1845. A second Protestant church existed as early as 1628. It was a former granary that had been converted into the Trinity Church. This church was demolished in 1852.

More monasteries

Other monasteries in the urban area were the Franciscan monastery of St. Michael (13th century) and the Capuchin monastery located in front of the northern city wall (founded in 1629). In 1806 the three monasteries were secularized. Other church institutions were the Spital zum Heiligen Geist, which was built in the 15th century (Spitalkapelle from 1498), the Sankt Leonhard chapel (already profaned in the 15th century) and the Mühlbrugg-Kapelle from the 15th century, which was demolished in 1812 and 1929 was rebuilt.

The Catholic communities were still part of the Diocese of Constance until 1802. In 1808 the parishes were subordinated to the Ordinariat Ellwangen , from which the newly founded diocese Rottenburg (today Rottenburg-Stuttgart ) emerged in 1821/1827 . After the Second World War (Our Lady, St. Jodok and Santa Cristina), two other communities, "Christ the King" came to the three existing Catholic communities ( Christ the King Church in the southern part of 1952) and "On the Holy Trinity" (Holy Trinity Church in the western city of 1965 ).

Other Catholic churches

Catholic Church in Mariatal

There are other Catholic parishes in the districts (see article Schmalegg , Taldorf and Eschach ). All Catholic parishes belong to the Ravensburg deanery of the Rottenburg-Stuttgart diocese. This also applies to former Baden enclaves (e.g. Adelsreute [Taldorf], Tepfenhart [Horgenzell] and others), which formally still belong to the Archdiocese of Freiburg, which includes the formerly Baden and Hohenzollers areas.

Before the incorporation of the surrounding communities in the 1970s, around 70.7% of Ravensburger belonged to the Roman Catholic Church, 25% were Protestant (as of 1970).

Evangelical Church in Bavendorf

Other Protestant churches

After the Second World War, two more parishes emerged, the Johannesgemeinde with church from 1963 for the Weststadt and the parish Eschach for the southern districts of Ravensburg. The three parishes today form the "Evangelical Community Church Community Ravensburg", to which the Protestants of almost all parts of the city also belong. Only Bavendorf still has its own parish; the Protestant Christians of the village of Taldorf belong to it. The village of Schmalegg is part of the Wilder-Winterbach ( Horgenzell ) parish . All the evangelical parishes mentioned belong to the Ravensburg deanery. There is also a regional church community in Ravensburg (which belongs to the Hensoltshöher Community Association, based in Gunzenhausen).

Other churches

In addition to the two large churches, there are also free church congregations in Ravensburg , including an Evangelical Free Church congregation (Baptist congregation), the BFP Free Christian congregation and the Seventh-day Adventist Adventist congregation Ravensburg . The New Apostolic Church and Jehovah's Witnesses are also represented in Ravensburg.

Pilgrimages

Ravensburg is a station on the Upper Swabian Way of St. James from Ulm to Constance .

Judaism

From 1330 to 1429, Jewish families were first mentioned as resident in the village. As a small Jewish community they lived like a ghetto in today's Grüner-Turm-Strasse , which was called "Judengasse" until 1934, and in 1345 they built a synagogue . After their expulsion in 1429, centuries passed before a smaller number of Jewish families only settled down again in the 19th century, so that a house of God was no longer rebuilt. Under the National Socialist tyranny , they were driven out again or murdered in the Holocaust . Since 1983 a memorial plaque commemorates this event.

Islam

There are three Islamic communities in Ravensburg . The Mevlana Mosque, which is centrally located in the north of the city (Schützenstrasse), belongs to the DITIB umbrella organization. It has a minaret . There is also the Fatih Camii community and the Bosnian Islamska Zajednica Bodensee Ravensburg e. V. (Islamic Community Bodensee-Ravensburg), whose prayer rooms are located in the same, somewhat remote building (Höll 19).

There is also an active Alevi community.

Buddhism

Buddhist center

The Buddhist Center Ravensburg was founded under this name in 1991 in Baienfurt. In 1995 the company moved to Weingarten. Since the spring of 2000, Buddhism has been practiced in the west of Ravensburg in accordance with the tradition of the Diamond Way of the Karma Kagyu lineage. The center is one of over 600 centers worldwide and is under the spiritual direction of Trinley Thaye Dorje and Ole Nydahl . In 2008 another Buddhist offer was opened in the village of Untereschach: the Viên Đức Monastery, an institution of the Congregation of the United Vietnamese Buddhist Church (CVBK).

theatre

The Ravensburg Konzerthaus , built between 1896 and 1897 by the Viennese firm Fellner & Helmer , is the largest theater in Ravensburg with 574 seats. It is used regularly for guest performances, concerts and performances by local cultural institutions.

The oldest theater tradition in Ravensburg has the rod theater , at which Ravensburg students have presented fairy tale performances every year since 1821. The performances also take place in the concert hall.

Classical concerts with a smaller cast (solo concerts, chamber music) usually take place in Ravensburg in the medieval Schwörsaal in the Waaghaus in the city center or in the baroque ballroom of the Weißenau monastery in the Weißenau district.

The Ravensburg Theater , founded in 1987, has been playing with its own ensemble in a permanent venue (with around 150 seats) in the northern part of the city since the 1990s. The program mainly includes self-produced plays and cabaret programs.

The cabaret Zehntscheuer has been presenting theater, music, cabaret and comedy in a renovated half-timbered barn in the city center since 1983.

The Ravensburg Puppet Theater in the basement of the Old Theater (around 70 seats) in the city center plays puppet theater for children and adults.

The culture and congress center in Weingarten (up to 900 places) and the Graf-Zeppelin-Haus (up to 1,300 places) in Friedrichshafen are available for larger cultural events in the joint regional center Ravensburg / Weingarten / Friedrichshafen ; The Oberschwabenhalle in Ravensburg (built in 1959) and the ZF-Arena Friedrichshafen are used for even larger events such as rock and pop concerts .

Sports

The largest sports club in Ravensburg is the Ravensburg section of the German Alpine Club with almost 8,500 members. The TSB Ravensburg has almost 4000 members who are active in numerous sports.

The Ravensburg sports clubs have the greatest number of spectators from the EV Ravensburg professional team ( Ravensburg Towerstars since 2010 ), which has played in the second ice hockey league since the 2007/08 season and became champions of this league in 2011 and 2019.

  • The TC Ravensburg plays the 2008 season with the first men's team in the second tennis Bundesliga and with the first women's team in the Württembergliga.
  • The FV Ravensburg rose in 2013 in the football league Baden-Württemberg (the fifth highest division level).
  • The U20 male team of TSB Ravensburg (basketball department) has been playing in the youth upper league, the top division in Germany, since the 2005 season, and the U18 male team since 2007.
  • The ESV Ravensburg , Department bowling, playing for the 2008-09 season back in the first division.
  • The Ravensburg Razorbacks will play in the 1st American Football Bundesliga (GFL1) from the season beginning in May 2020.
  • The city has held an annual cycle race through downtown Ravensburg since 2004. Well-known racing drivers such as Jens Voigt (2004 winner), Jan Ullrich (2005 winner), Stefan Schumacher (2006 winner), Matthias Kessler , David Kopp and Linus Gerdemann have already taken part in this race.
  • The judokas of TSB Ravensburg were promoted to the Baden-Württemberg League in 2008 and the Regional League in 2009. In 2010 the Judokas were honored as the best team in 2009 by the city of Ravensburg. In 2013 they became runner-up in the regional league and qualified for promotion to the 2nd Bundesliga.
  • The Ravensburger BC plays in the since 2013 1. Bundesliga three band .
  • TSB Ravens ( TSB Ravensburg - Rugby Department ) has been playing in the Regionalliga Bayern since the 2017/18 season.

Regular events

"Rod Festival"

Depiction of a transport of the medieval Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft during the rod festival procession

→ Main article: Rutenfest Ravensburg

The five-day Rutenfest , which takes place at the end of the school year in summer, has been a traditional folk festival that has been documented since the 17th century and in which the residents (including former ones) are very committed. Drum groups and fanfares drum up townspeople, friends and sponsors so that the omnipresent drum sound can be heard for days. The city is adorned with flags, and many private garden parties complete the official program.

The Ravensburg Rod Festival Commission organizes, in cooperation with the schools and the city administration, program items that also attract many visitors from the region. The highlights of the rod festival are

  • the happy start in the old town with around 30,000 visitors
  • the performances of the rod theater performed by students (used as a student theater since 1821)
  • the historic rod parade through the historic old town of Ravensburg with approx. 5,500 participants
  • various shooting competitions, the most important of which is eagle shooting (documented since 1823), a crossbow shooting for male high school students with a crossbow at a wooden imperial eagle . Since 2003 there has also been a shooting competition for high school students. There is also archery for secondary school students and crossbow shooting for secondary school students (coat of arms shooting) . Every five years, the former for high school students Ravensburger Old Shooting organized.

"Fasnet"

Black Veri guild paper-scribbler

In the imperial city of Ravensburg, carnival customs were abolished with the introduction of the parity constitution.

In 1908 the Fasnetsgesellschaft Milka e. V. founded, which concentrates on carnival hall events. The name can be traced back to an unpopular increase in the price of milk and stands for the nickname “Milch-Kommandit-Aktien-Gesellschaft”. Under this motto, a parade took place at that time, where the entire production line of milk, butter and cheese was presented in an original way.

The Swabian-Alemannic Fasnet has also been celebrated in Ravensburg since the 1970s . The driving force is the Black Veri Guild , named after the Black Veri , a thief of the 19th century, with its fool figures Robber , Hexenliesel and Papierkrattler (a figure that refers to the early papermaking in Ravensburg from 1402 and the alleged Cockiness of the papermakers caricatured). The main attraction is the big fool's jump on Carnival Monday , in which many guilds in the area also take part. The Schwarze Veri guild is a member of the Alemannic Narrenring . There are also fools' guilds in all Ravensburger suburbs.

Other regular events

The Oberschwabenschau is a traditional regional product fair that takes place every October and focuses on agriculture. It first took place in September 1961. In 2009 the nine-day exhibition had 92,000 visitors.

Newer annual events are the Ravensburg Games Festival , the Ravensburg City Run , the Jazz in Town jazz festival and the Ravensburg inline event .

Since 1998, the Ravensburger Kunstnacht has been held every year at the end of September in more than 20 galleries .

The karate summer camp of the KJC Ravensburg with over 1000 guests from Germany and abroad has been held annually at the national karate performance center in Ravensburg since 1982.

Prices

Together with the neighboring city of Weingarten, the city of Ravensburg has honored artists and scientists with the “ Culture Prize of the Cities of Ravensburg and Weingarten ” since 1977 . The city has been awarding the “ Ravensburger Kupferle ” cabaret prize since 1989 . The “Ravensburger Media Prize” is an award from the Ravensburger Verlag Foundation.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Ravensburg railway station

Ravensburg is located at the intersection of federal highways 30 , 32 and 33 about 15 km north of Friedrichshafen .

The next motorway accesses are at Ulm ( A 7 , A 8 ) and at Wangen ( A 96 ).

Ravensburg has had a train station on the Ulm - Friedrichshafen Southern Railway since 1847 , which is part of the first continuous line of the Württemberg railway network from Heilbronn to Friedrichshafen. In addition to the DB trains, the Bodensee-Oberschwaben-Bahn has also been running on the line since 1993 .

Ravensburg belongs to the Bodensee-Oberschwaben Verkehrsverbund (bodo) , but has its own tariff for the Ravensburg Weingarten city bus .

The nearest commercial airport is in Friedrichshafen .

tram

In 1888 a 4.2 km long steam-powered tram line (gauge 1000 mm) was opened between Ravensburg and Weingarten. It was electrified in 1910 and extended in 1911 by a 2.4 km long route to Baienfurt . On February 23, 1959, the Ravensburg – Weingarten line was closed, and the remaining line from Weingarten – Baienfurt followed in June 1959. The former tram depot is now used for the RAB buses .

Telecommunications

Telecommunications tower

Ravensburg has also had its own 84 meter high telecommunications tower since 1990 (geographical coordinates: 47 ° 47 ′ 40 ″  N , 9 ° 37 ′ 22 ″  E ). In contrast to numerous telecommunications towers of a similar height, it is not a type tower , but a special tower .

Established businesses

The name of the city has become world-famous not least because of the Ravensburger AG group of companies located here . The products of Ravensburger Spieleverlag GmbH and its numerous sister companies, which u. a. Produce board games and puzzles , the Ravensburger Verlag, known especially for books for children and young people, and the “ Ravensburger Spieleland ” (in the neighboring municipality of Meckenbeuren ).

Tekrum is a manufacturer of "premium pastry specialties". The company founded by Theodor Krumm in 1897 was a family business until 1997. Since January 2017, Tekrum has belonged entirely to the Kambly SA group.

OMIRA (Oberland Milchverwertung Ravensburg GmbH) is a manufacturer of all kinds of dairy products, some of which are available throughout Germany and parts of Europe. The latter applies in particular under the brand MinusL displaced laktosefreie to milk.

The Mönchmühle , a craft mill on the outskirts of the old town, specializes in the production of high-quality flours for bakeries and households from wheat , spelled and rye .

Otherwise, the region is strongly characterized by mechanical engineering, which has developed from the pronounced mill tradition (grain, paper, saw and other mills) and the needs of the early industrial paper and textile industry. The most important representatives of this branch in Ravensburg are the companies that are now part of Voith and Andritz AG , which emerged from the operation of the Swiss Escher-Wyss Group (since 1969 Sulzer ), which opened in 1856 . Other mechanical engineering companies include a. the Maschinenfabrik Arnold GmbH & Co , the Bezner GmbH , the LCM chocolate Maschinen GmbH , which Rugel Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG and the Schuler constructions GmbH & Co. KG .

Also worth mentioning are the automotive supplier group EBZ (Engineering Bausch & Ziege GmbH) , which in 2008 took over ThyssenKrupp Drauz Nothelfer GmbH from ThyssenKrupp Technologies (renamed EBZ SysTec), the packaging manufacturer Paccor Packaging Solution (formerly Zach Verpackungen), which in was taken over by the Autobar Group in the 1980s and sold on to the Veriplast Group, and Moosmann & Co. the Hawera Probst tool factory and the Vetter Pharma pharmaceutical company, which emerged from a traditional Ravensburger pharmacy .

Even companies from the renewable energies are based in Ravensburg, such as the Mage Solar AG, an international supplier of system components for photovoltaic systems on residential, commercial and utility buildings and in open spaces. The companies of the Solpower Group , in particular Solpower AG and Pro Solar Solarstrom GmbH, are major suppliers of photovoltaic systems under their own brand names. Various smaller companies also plan solar thermal systems ; Pro Solar Energiesysteme GmbH , which was temporarily important in this area, is now part of General Solar Systems Deutschland GmbH in Regensburg and has relocated a large part of the jobs there.

The Munzinger archive located here offers researched, verified and basic data for everyday work in journalistic editorial offices, publishers, broadcasters or for other interested parties around the world. The fee-based database includes people, countries, sports, chronicles, pop, memorial days, film, KLG (a critical lexicon for contemporary German literature), KDG (contemporary composers). Access is possible via the online portal, CD-ROM or the classic loose-leaf collection.

The world partner eG (formerly dwp eG or third world partner) was founded in 1988 by several world shops in the region Upper Swabia founded and is now Germany's second-largest independent importer of fair trade products. The cooperative sells the goods outside of its own web shop through world shops, regional distributors, bulk consumers and the organic food trade in Germany and in neighboring countries.

For information on the "Ravensburg" radio station, see: Sender Ravensburg (Wilhelmskirch)

Formerly based company

In the 1920s, the Hermann Spohn company gained quite a reputation with exclusive bodies, most of which were mounted on Maybach chassis. Various members of the industrial Spohn family - active in the textile, mechanical engineering and construction industries - appeared in Ravensburg as generous donors since the end of the 19th century. Julius Spohn donated a. a. the concert hall and the building for the humanistic grammar school, today Spohn grammar school . The family has one of the most elaborate family graves in the main cemetery.

Until 2013, the Carthago company , a well-known manufacturer of mobile homes , was based in the Schmalegg suburb.

Agriculture

Orchards in the Eggartskirch district (Taldorf village)

In the Middle Ages , wine was grown on the slopes of the Schussental . A large part of the vineyards south of the city below Sankt Christina to Weingartshof were owned by the Weißenau monastery , some of which were also leased to Ravensburger citizens, while the areas in Rauenegg east of the city were owned by Ravensburger citizens. After a few years of bad climatic conditions at the end of the 18th century, the Weißenau monastery set up a beer brewery in the church district of Sankt Christina above the vineyards. More bad years followed in the course of the 19th century. In addition, imported wines probably supplanted local wine, which could not keep up in terms of quality due to insufficient cultivation methods. Most of the vineyards were given up during the 19th century. It is not clear to what extent the phylloxera that was spreading at the time or the increasing consumption of beer also played a role. Large parts of the area on Rauenegg became valuable building land at the beginning of the 19th century; In the Sankt Christina area there was a privately run wine-growing business until around 1960.

On the less steep areas, orchards and orchards were partly created, in the vicinity of the city some areas were also converted into summer retreats and allotment gardens. Wine has been cultivated again in isolated cases for around 30 years. The city of Ravensburg operates a vineyard with the varieties Müller-Thurgau and Pinot Noir on Rauenegg; there is also a community-owned vineyard in the village of Taldorf. The areas belong to the Württemberg Lake Constance area of ​​the Württemberg cultivation area .

In addition, Ravensburg was known in earlier centuries for its linen production; To roast the flax , a large number of small ponds were created on the Flappach (Stadtbach) above the town in Ittenbeuren, which are now used as fish ponds.

Today fruit growing and hop gardens predominate in the south and west of the city . The Competence Center Fruit Growing Lake Constance in the Bavendorf district conducts basic research as well as application-oriented studies and advice to farmers.

In addition, dairy farming still plays a certain role in the region, but its importance continues to decline, especially in the lower areas close to the city. The cereal cultivation typical of Upper Swabia (especially spelled , but also barley and wheat ) has almost completely disappeared from the landscape ; However, organic brewing barley is even grown on the Rahlenhof today. The region is generally characterized by a high proportion of Demeter and organic farms .

media

The Schwäbische Zeitung is based in Ravensburg and also operates a local editorial office there. In addition, the display leaves come Stadtkurier and Südfinder from the media house Swabian publishing house GmbH & Co. KG (Swabian newspaper). These no longer appear only in the Ravensburg city area. In addition, the Ravensburger city magazine published by Südkurier Medienhaus is based in the city.

Ravensburg also has studios for the radio stations Radio 7 and SWR4 Baden-Württemberg, as well as a studio for the regional television station Regio TV Bodensee .

The Munzinger archive (see “resident companies”) is used as a personal database by publishers and journalists nationwide.

Judiciary

District court building

Ravensburg is the seat of the Ravensburg District Court , the Ravensburg Regional Court , various chambers of the Ulm Labor Court , the police department , the Ravensburg public prosecutor's office and the Ravensburg penal institution in the Hinzistobel district.

Educational institutions

Universities and technical schools

Ravensburg is one of the locations of the Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University Ravensburg , the former Ravensburg University of Cooperative Education . There is also a school for design (Freie Kunstschule) , the Ravensburg Institute for Social Professions , which is Catholic-sponsored, and a branch of the Württemberg Administration and Business Academy.

The Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences is based in Weingarten .

The Weißenau branch of the University of Tübingen dealt with astronomy from 1959 to 1992 (a radio telescope with a diameter of 26 meters, which has since been dismantled, made radio astronomical observations possible there). From 1983 until its closure in 2001, the branch also dealt with neuropsychology .

Schools and kindergartens

The city of Ravensburg operates three general high schools (Albert-Einstein-Gymnasium, Spohn-Gymnasium , Welfen-Gymnasium), a secondary school , a primary and secondary school (Stefan-Rahl-Schule Obereschach), two independent Werkrealschulen (Werkrealschulen Kuppelnau and Neuwiesen), seven independent elementary schools (elementary schools Klösterle, Kuppelnau, Neuwiesen, Oberzell, Schmalegg, Weißenau and Weststadt) and one special school (Sankt Christina).

Students by type of school at general schools in Ravensburg
school year 2000/2001 2010/2011 2017/2018
student % student % student % ± to 2010/2011
primary school 2247 28.7% 1924 23.8% 1918 24.5% 0−0.3%
Werkreal- / Hauptschulen 1049 13.4% 0805 10.0% 0379 4.8% −52.9%
SBBZ (until 1997 special schools) 0519 6.6% 0606 7.5% 0989 12.6% + 63.2%
Realschulen 1387 17.7% 1658 20.5% 1443 18.4% −13.0%
High schools 2354 30.1% 2704 33.5% 2246 28.6% −16.9%
Community schools - - 0467 6.0%
Waldorf schools 0268 3.4% 0386 4.8% 0398 5% 0+ 3.1%
total 7824 8083 7840 0−3.0%

The Ravensburg district is the sponsor of three vocational schools : Edith Stein School (home and agricultural school, including a nutritional, agricultural and biotechnological grammar school), commercial schools (including a technical grammar school) and Humpis school (commercial school, including a business school). The Martinus School for the mentally handicapped with a school kindergarten and the Technical School for Agriculture are also sponsored by the district.

There is also the state school for the sick in Weißenau and a nursing school at the Center for Psychiatry in Weißenau .

In addition to the state schools, Ravensburg is home to a number of private schools, including the St. Konrad Education Center with elementary and technical secondary school, secondary school and grammar school, the Bernd Blindow School , where training and further education, the technical college entrance qualification, Abitur and even a degree is possible , the Klösterle elementary school and the Theresia-Gerhardinger-Realschule (formerly run by the poor school sisters), a free Waldorf school, the institute for socio-educational professions, the Josef-Wilhelm-Schule (private vocational school of the Adolf Aich vocational training center), the Kolping-Bildungswerk ( with evening secondary school, evening high school, Kolping vocational college and social science high school), the nursing school and children's nursing school at the Sankt Elisabeth hospital, the Sankt Nikolaus hospital school, the Schindele private commercial school, a center for naturopathy and homeopathy as well as the Hör-Sprachzentrum gGmbH with home special school for the deaf, Hard of hearing ige and speech impaired.

Ravensburg offers a total of 1,700 kindergarten places in 32 public, church or non-profit- making kindergartens (including a Waldorf kindergarten and a forest kindergarten ) and thus meets the legal requirements. Eleven facilities in Ravensburg and Weingarten also offer daycare for children under three years of age.

Social facilities

The Adolf Aich vocational training center and the Liebenau Foundation's facilities for the disabled and elderly have their origins in the social work of the Catholic Church .

In addition, the BruderhausDiakonie , which emerged from Protestant social work, maintains facilities for the elderly and social psychiatry. The Zieglerschen Anstalten , since 2009 with the new name "Die Zieglerschen", operate a speech healing center, offer assisted living within the framework of the disabled and various care offers within the framework of youth welfare.

Hospitals

The Sankt Elisabeth hospital with a department for pediatric and adolescent medicine Sankt Nikolaus and the Heilig-Geist-Spital (geriatric focus) are sponsored by the mainly district-owned Upper Swabian Clinic .

The Weißenau site of the ZfP Südwürttemberg is located in the former Weißenau monastery and the surrounding new buildings . There is a clinic for psychiatry and psychotherapy as well as a psychiatric nursing home with outdoor living groups and a clinic for forensic psychiatry and psychotherapy. The Weißenauer Werkstätten serve the professional reintegration of mentally disabled people. In Ravensburg, the ZfP Südwürttemberg also operates a day clinic and the SINOVA clinic for psychosomatic medicine.

Personalities

Others

The German railway has an ICE 3 named Ravensburg in operation. However, since the railway line of the Südbahn , on which Ravensburg is located, is not electrified , the multiple unit 325, which was christened on April 15, 2004, cannot drive to its sponsored city. However, this is expected to change in December 2020, as the southern runway has been electrified on the section since 2018

On September 28, 2008, Ravensburger AG and the city of Ravensburg, together with over 10,000 puzzle fans, laid the world's largest puzzle with 1,141,800 pieces and an area of ​​600 square meters on Marienplatz in less than five hours . Ravensburg exceeded the old puzzle record of around 212,000 pieces and received an entry in the Guinness Book of Records . 20 pieces of the puzzle previously covered up to 20,546 kilometers with the help of geocachers .

See also

literature

  • Johann Georg Eben : An attempt at a history of the city of Ravensburg from the beginning to the present day. 2 volumes. Gradmann, Ravensburg 1835 (reprint: Genth, Oggelshausen 1987).
  • Johann Daniel Georg von Memminger : Community of Ravensburg . In: Description of the Oberamt Ravensburg . Cotta, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1836.
  • Magdalena Guttenberger, Manuel Werner: "The children of Auschwitz sing so loud". The shaken life of the Sintiza Martha Guttenberger from Ummenwinkel , Norderstedt 2020, pp. 171–270, ISBN 978-3-7504-7043-9
  • Tobias Hafner : History of the City of Ravensburg. Dorn, Ravensburg 1887.
  • Alfons Dreher : History of the imperial city Ravensburg and its landscape from the beginnings to the mediatization in 1802. 2 volumes. Dorn, Ravensburg 1972, ISBN 3-87437-084-4 (Volume 1) and ISBN 3-87437-085-2 (Volume 2).
  • Rudi Holzberger: Ravensburg. Views and profiles. Oberschwäbische Verlagsanstalt, Ravensburg 1987, ISBN 3-926891-00-9 .
  • Alfred Lutz : Ravensburg. Portrait of a former free imperial city. 2nd Edition. Biberacher Verlagsdruckerei, Biberach 1991, ISBN 3-924489-37-8 .
  • Peter-Johannes Schuler: Ravensburg . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 7, LexMA-Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-7608-8907-7 , Sp. 486-488.
  • Peter Eitel (Ed.): Ravensburg in the Third Reich. Contributions to the history of the city. Oberschwäbische Verlagsanstalt, Ravensburg 1997, ISBN 3-926891-19-X .
  • Esther Sattig: The Ravensburg Ummenwinkel gypsy camp. The persecution of the Upper Swabian Sinti. Berlin: Metropol Verlag 2016. ISBN 978-3-86331-258-9
  • Albert Schmid (Ed.): Carnival in Ravensburg. A foray from 1353 until today. Oberschwäbische Verlagsanstalt, Ravensburg 2000, ISBN 3-926891-25-4 .
  • Peter Eitel: Ravensburg in the 19th and 20th centuries: politics, economy, population, church, culture, everyday life. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2004, ISBN 3-7995-0138-X .
  • Alfred Lutz: Between persistence and departure. Ravensburg from 1810 to 1847. (At the same time dissertation from the Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 1999). Aschendorff, Münster 2005, ISBN 3-402-05912-6 .

Web links

Commons : Ravensburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Ravensburg  - Sources and full texts on the city's history
Wikivoyage: Ravensburg  - travel guide
 Wikinews: Ravensburg  - in the news

Individual evidence

  1. State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de ( Memento of the original from May 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de
  3. Dieter Berger: Duden. Geographical names in Germany: origin and meaning of the names of countries, cities, mountains and bodies of water. Dudenverlag , Mannheim 1999, ISBN 3-411-06252-5 .
  4. ^ Kruse, Rudolf, Schillig, Walter: Weingarten. 1992, ISBN 3-924489-61-0 , pp. 80, 81, 85.
  5. FB Schwaben 13 (1952–1954) p. 22.
  6. ^ Collection of Weingarten Monastery.
  7. R. Rademacher: The prehistoric settlement of the Veitsberg near Ravensburg. Master thesis. Tuebingen 1986.
  8. “We have very little precise information about the place and time of the birth of Henry the Lion. He himself said that he was born in Swabia ('se de Suevia oriundum'), but whether on the Ravensburg remains uncertain. " In: Joachim Ehlers : Heinrich the Lion. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-88680-787-1 . Review (standard work), p. 47.
  9. ^ City portrait on the city's homepage, accessed on March 10, 2014.
  10. ^ Kruse, Rudolf, Schillig, Walter: Weingarten. 1992, ISBN 3-924489-61-0 , p. 152.
  11. Karin Kiesel: Ravensburger paper once came all over Europe. In: Schwäbische Zeitung , Bad Waldsee / Aulendorf edition. Edition of May 4, 2015, page 19.
  12. ^ Revolutions in the southwest - sites of the democracy movement 1848/49 in Baden-Württemberg. Published by the working group of full-time archivists in the Baden-Württemberg City Association, Info Verlag, Karlsruhe, 2nd edition. 1998, p. 501.
  13. Magdalena Guttenberger, Manuel Werner: "The children of Auschwitz sing so loud". The shaken life of the Sintiza Martha Guttenberger from Ummenwinkel , Norderstedt 2020, pp. 201–206.
  14. ^ Esther Sattig: The gypsy camp Ravensburg Ummenwinkel. The persecution of the Upper Swabian Sinti. Berlin 2016, pp. 18, 251, 203
  15. Magdalena Guttenberger, Manuel Werner: "The children of Auschwitz sing so loud". The shaken life of the Sintiza Martha Guttenberger from Ummenwinkel , Norderstedt 2020, p. 208f.
  16. Pinchas Erlanger: Memories. My youth in Germany and the emigration to Palestine, August 2001, in: http://www.israelausch.de/Erlanger/erlanger.html
  17. Manuel Werner: Jews in Nürtingen in the time of National Socialism. Nürtingen / Frickenhausen 1998, p. 59f, p. 62f, p. 73f, p. 79, p. 83-86
  18. a b c d Federal Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 531 .
  19. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 547 .
  20. ^ Population by nationality - State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg. Retrieved June 4, 2019 .
  21. On September 30, 2011, Ravensburg had over 50,000 inhabitants for the first time. Source: State Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg, according to a press release from the city of Ravensburg on January 19, 2012: The city ​​has broken the 50,000 mark ( memento from September 12, 2012 in the archive.today web archive ).
  22. 2019 - City council election Ravensburg. Retrieved May 29, 2019 .
  23. City Archives Ravensburg, Gisela Fricke, information from March 17, 2010.
  24. A second alderman held the official title of “mayor” until 2013 and was responsible for the building department (“building mayor”). Since Dirk Bastin took office on July 15, 2013, this position has only been called “Building Department”.
  25. Text and both melodies
  26. Partnerships with Mollet del Vallès (Spain) | City of Ravensburg. Retrieved August 7, 2018 .
  27. A. Dreher: Patriziat , Part II, No. 71 and 75, pp. 246–262
  28. ravensburg.de ( Memento from June 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  29. This vividly describes this as early as 1866 in the popular magazine "Die Gartenlaube" under the title "Ein Kinderhandel" ( full text at Wikisource ).
  30. Armin Müller: Humpis-Quartier awakens to new life. In: Chronico. History magazine . July 9, 2009.
  31. Wirtschaftsmuseum-ravensburg.de
  32. Schwäbische Zeitung , March 8, 2013.
  33. ^ Christiane Schilling :: The treasure of Ravensburg. monumente.de, issue 4/2016, accessed on November 26, 2016
  34. Andreas Schmauder (Ed.), W Behringer, A. Blauert and others: Early witch persecution in Ravensburg and on Lake Constance. UVK, Constance. 2nd edition 2017. 149 p. (For the exhibition 1484 - Witch mania and witch persecution in Europe. New edition for the exhibition 2017 as accompanying text . One hundred years later, in the prince provost of Ellwangen , among others, a wave of trials with 400 victims. 20 percent of them were male)
  35. see also the homepage of the community
  36. see also the homepage of the community
  37. Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - later statistics are not available there. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / 193.197.29.120
  38. Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, Vol. I. Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 70. Picture of the memorial plaque: File: Ravensburg Grüner-Turm-Straße Former Synagogue Tafel.jpg .
  39. ^ DAV section Ravensburg , German Alpine Association, alpenverein.de , January 2018.
  40. Ravens are promoted to the Regionalliga . In: Schwäbische.de . ( schwaebische.de [accessed on August 22, 2017]).
  41. History of the Z130 Ravensburg
  42. www.ravensburg.de
  43. Closure of the "deep drawing" production area in the Ravensburg plant ( Memento from July 15, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  44. On the history of the vine people of Santa Cristina ( Memento from July 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  45. Pupils and schools since 1987/88 by type of school - State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg. Retrieved June 5, 2019 .
  46. Pupils and schools since 1987/88 by type of school - State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg, data for 2000/01. Retrieved June 5, 2019 .
  47. Pupils and schools since 1987/88 by type of school - State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg, data for 2010/11. Retrieved June 5, 2019 .
  48. Pupils and schools since 1987/88 by type of school - State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg, data for 2017/18. Retrieved June 5, 2019 .
  49. DB - construction project: electrification of the southern railway. Accessed March 17, 2020.