Black guild
The Ravensburger Schwarze Veri Zunft e. V . is a fool's guild in the tradition of the Swabian-Alemannic Carnival in Ravensburg .
history
In 1353, a Ravensburger Carnival was mentioned for the first time in a manuscript from the city law. In 1541 the custom of the Faßnachts-Örlin (carnival cakes in the shape of a rabbit's ears) is mentioned and the nocturnal mummery is forbidden (“die mummerien, so ze Nacht umbgehnd”). From the 19th century, the city, like most cities in southern Germany, was the scene of a carnival with Rhenish characteristics, which was also run in the city's inns and clubs. The revival of older carnival types of the Swabian-Alemannic tradition - such as the Plätzler guild in the neighboring town of Weingarten - did not initially take place in Ravensburg. The hall events of the Milka Faschingsgesellschaft founded in 1911 formed the focus of the Ravensburger Carnival; until 1960 a parade was organized.
In order to revive the street carnival in Ravensburg and to redesign it according to the increasingly popular Swabian-Alemannic carnival, the Black Veri Zunft was founded in 1970 by the longstanding first Ravensburg guild master Otto Lutz (1936-2018) and some friends. The first masks were carved by Otto Lutz. The guild founders developed various groups of fools that are related to the history of Ravensburg and the region. The Schwarze Veri Zunft has been a member of the Alemannischer Narrenring e. V. In 1977 young guild members founded a music group called the Schalmeiengruppe Schwarze Veri . This emerged from a forerunner group. In 2001 the youth group Young Table was founded especially for the youth of the guild. According to its own information, the Schwarze Veri Zunft had around 1300 members in 2013.
Fool groups
Black Veri robbers
The group of fools, the Schwarze Veri robbers, refers to the robber Franz Xaver Hohenleiter , known as the Schwarze Veri , who was up to mischief in the region with his gang of robbers at the beginning of the 19th century and was killed in a lightning strike in the prison in Biberach in 1819 . He gave the guild his name. The robber masks are modeled on the historical figures of the robber gang of the Black Veri.
The so-called tribal robbers appear as individual masks. These include the eponymous robber captain of the "Black Veri" (Xaver Hohenleiter), as well as his cronies the "Schöne Fritz" (Friedrich Klumpp), the "Urle" Veris brother (Ulrich Hohenleiter), the "Red Butcher" (Fidelis Gindele), the “Bregenz Seppel” (Joseph Lang).
Then there are the cronies "Condeer" (Joseph Anton Jung), the "Einäugige Fidele" ( Fidelis Sohm ) and the "Scheifers Toni" (Anton Rosenberger). In addition to the individual masks, there are those who have come in: “Lätschen Done”, “Kitter Willy” and “Krumbacher Luke”. These are group masks that appear several times.
There are also the robber brides whose masks are not assigned by name. The only female mask with a name is the "dirty mother" (Katharina Gebhard).
The masks of the robbers are made of carved and painted linden wood or white pine , to which a hat with feathers and a partial wig are attached. The hat consists of trousers or a skirt, a cloth vest and a short jacket in different colors. The rabbits are based on a picture by the Biberach painter Johann Baptist Pflug (1785–1866).
Hexenliesel
The group of fools of the Hexenliesel vom Pfannenstiel refers to the historical person of the "Hexenliesel" who lived in the Ravensburg suburb of Pfannenstiel in the 14th century and who, according to legend, warned the city of an enemy attack.
The group figure of the Hexenliesel consists of a carved and painted wooden mask to which plaited bast braids and an orange mask cloth are attached. The hat consists of a black velvet jacket, a purple burlap skirt and an orange linen apron. This includes a sticks broom . The masks perform acrobatic exercises such as wheel hitting , headstands , building pyramids or jumping with a broom.
Paper cracker
The group of fools, the Ölschwang Papierkrattler, is reminiscent of the tradition of papermaking , which in Ravensburg was one of the first places in Germany to have been carried out for centuries in several paper mills in the districts of Ölschwang and Schornreute. The paper scraper represents the proud, happy and somewhat crazy journeyman paper miller.
The group figure of the Ölschwang Papierkrattlers consists of a mask carved from wood and painted with a fur-trimmed pointed cap and a striped hat with the basic colors red, green or blue, which are combined with green, red or blue fabric spirals. In addition, the Krattler wears a ring wreath on his belt and a burlap pocket on the right side. With a pair of straightening scissors he plays jokes with the audience.
Shawms
The Schwarze Veri Schalmeien are a musical group with shawms and drums. You don't wear a mask. Her uniform is based on the Sunday clothes of a farmer and consists of a green shirt with a brown jacket and black trousers and a felt hat, as well as a brown cape. The shawms accompany the carnival parades with carnival music.
More fool figures
Butzhansel
With the Ravensburger Butzhansel , the old custom of "Aufsagens", "Strählen" or "Gässelen" was revived in the Ravensburger Carnival. The Butzhansel is a free mask from Wednesday before Carnival to Shrove Tuesday moved into the old town and the citizens of the Levites reads mischievous nature and makes them jokes.
The figure wears a wooden, painted mask with fur trim , a blue gugel and a colorful patched hat. In addition, the Butzhansel carries a Saubloadragoißl (Saubloadragoißl) and a bag book in which carnival slogans are recorded.
Witch devil
The single figure of the witch devil was introduced in 1980 for the incantation of fire at the Mardi Gras burning on Mardi Gras Tuesday .
The mask, carved from wood, to which a long braid is attached, has two horns and sticks out its tongue. The hat consists of a green linen jacket, a wide red cape and multi-colored Plätzler pants. The left foot is covered with a goat skin and a wooden hoof.
Shirt glonker
The Shirt Glonker was founded in 1975 out of a pub mood at a robber regulars table. On the evening of Bromigen Friday , the shirtless people in white nightgowns, sleeping caps and bathrobes wander through downtown Ravensburg. They are equipped with noisy instruments such as bells, bells or pot lids. In the meantime, the move has been shaped by the children of the Ravensburg kindergartens and their parents, who take part in the move at the invitation of the guild.
Scream raga
The Schreikraga is a kind of fool policeman who the Great Narrensprung in Ravensburg for the session 1975-76 on Shrove Monday cites a bell. A shield cap is attached to the wood-carved mask with large ears and a sausage in the mouth. The hat consists of a wide blue coat with red and gold epaulettes and rough-checked trousers. The screaming raga attracts attention with a large hand bell.
Course of the carnival in Ravensburg
Mardi Gras begins on Epiphany , January 6th, with the mask dusting. During the session, groups of the guild take part in the carnival parades of the friends' guilds in the region.
On Gumpigen Dunschtig (Thursday before Ash Wednesday ), the mask release and the erection of the fool's tree on the web market in Ravensburg's old town and the handover of the keys at the town hall take place.
On Bromigen Friday (Friday before Ash Wednesday), the robbery-picking takes place in the city center and then the shirt-bell procession in cooperation with the Ravensburger kindergartens.
On the Schmalzig Saturday (Saturday before Ash Wednesday) the fools fraternization of the Weingartner and Ravensburger fools takes place annually either in Weingarten or in Ravensburg.
The highlight of the session is on Shrove Monday numerous the Great Narrensprung in Ravensburg, with the participation of foreign guest guilds.
The carnival burning at the Gespinstmarkt in Ravensburg on Shrove Tuesday ends the session.
Varia
- The Prime Minister of Baden-Württemberg Lothar Späth (1937-2016) was named honor robber in 1985.
- The Weingarten painter Conrad David Arnold created a series of watercolors with the various fool's masks of the guild in the 1990s.
- On January 23, 1994, the crime scene Bienzle and the fool's game was broadcast, which takes place during the Ravensburger Carnival and was filmed with the assistance of the Black Veri guild. Since no fool's guild wanted their figures to be portrayed as murderers, the “Butzhansel” mask group was created by Ravensburger guild master Otto Lutz only for use in the crime scene. The fool figure, conceived only for the one-time appearance, was so popular with the Ravensburger fools that it was officially accepted by the Ravensburger Schwarze Veri guild a few years later.
- At the beginning of February 2014, the ethnological documentary film “Von Narren und Hexen” by the Canadian filmmaker Danièle Bellemare Lee premiered in Weingarten and Ravensburg. The film was made in collaboration with the Plätzler guild in Weingarten and the Schwarze Veri guild.
Further fools' clubs in Ravensburg
In addition to the Schwarze Veri guild, there are other fools and carnival associations in Ravensburg. The Milka Faschingsverein e. V. mainly organizes carnival sessions in the Ravensburg concert hall . The Milka carnival balls were once characterized by hand-made speeches and hits, but since the 2000s have developed them in the direction of a cabaret theater performance on current local topics. The Ravensburg Narrencomité is a free association of fools who want to liven up the carnival in downtown Ravensburg through unconventional activities. In the Ravensburg district of Weißenau there is the Narrenzunft Weißenau e. V. , in the Schmalegg district the fool's guild Bettelspitz Schmalegg e. V. , in the district of Oberhofen the Narrenzunft Oberhofen e. V. as well as the Narrenzunft Oberzell e. V. and the Narrenverein Bavendorf e. V. (with the fool figure Bavi-Hex).
literature
- Walter Heiss (Ed.): The Black Veri in Ravensburg. From the founding of the guild until today. Ravensburg 2014
- Albert Schmid (Ed.): Carnival in Ravensburg. A foray from 1353 until today . Oberschwäbische Verlags-Anstalt, Ravensburg 2000, ISBN 3-926891-25-4 , in particular the contributions by Ralph E. Kolb: The groups of the Ravensburger Schwarze Veri Zunft , pp. 127–145, and traditional events, pp. 147–178, as well as the contribution by Albert Schmid: Goals and Organization of the Ravensburger Schwarze Veri Zunft , pp. 179–215 and the chronicle of the Ravensburger Fasnacht 1353–1968 by Beate Falk.
- Katrin Wahl, Willi Huster: Lebendige Fasnet - The guilds in the Alemannic Narrenring. Alemannic jester ring, Ravensburg 2000
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Beate Falk: Chronicle of the Ravensburger Fasnacht 1353–1968 . In: Albert Schmid (Ed.): Carnival in Ravensburg. A foray from 1353 until today . Oberschwäbische Verlags-Anstalt, Ravensburg 2000, ISBN 3-926891-25-4 , pp. 11-107
- ↑ Johann Baptist Pflug: The band of robbers of the Black Veri
- ↑ Butzhansel
- ↑ Milka Carnival Association
- ↑ narrencomite.jimdo.com ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Weissenau fools' guild
- ↑ Fools Guild Bettelspitz Schmalegg
- ↑ Fools Guild Oberhofen
