Martin's Trumpet
The Martin trumpet , named after its inventor Max B. Martin , was created at the beginning of the 20th century as a signaling instrument and is also known as a shawm as an independent musical instrument . In terms of instrument construction , it does not come from the shawm as a historical woodwind instrument, only the piercing sound has certain similarities.
Sound generation
The sound is produced with a beating tongue by breathing air pressure from the blower, a resonance tube with an indicated bell is used to support the production of a height- defined sound that cannot be changed dynamically . Sometimes the mouthpiece of a trumpet is used, which is not physically necessary, since the lips of the wind player are not allowed to vibrate like with brass instruments . The air can also be blown through a flat, oval tube placed in the mouth.
Instrument versions
Signaling instruments
In the simplest case, the ringer horn ("horn") only has one tone and therefore, in contrast to the mouth-blown two-tone subsequent tone horn , does not require a switch valve. Since both are primarily used as signal horns, there are also ringer horns with two tones, which, however , are tuned to " beat " (also called tremolo ) only a few cents next to each other and thus convey an even louder listening impression.
In the early days of the "motorists" after 1900, the ball horn was used with a sounding tongue. The Martin trumpet as the predecessor of the automatic secondary horn became famous as the so-called "Kaiserfanfare", whose signal "soon here, soon there" announced a vehicle belonging to the imperial family.
Musical instrument
Martin's trumpets as musical instruments were created from 1905 and consist of five to sixteen bundled single horns, each of which selects one or three sound tubes with the specified pitch through a valve system. Since the instrument is robustly constructed, does not require any special blowing technique and only requires very little knowledge of notes, it is ideally suited to be learned and played by beginners. There are instruments that can only play single notes for melody and secondary voices, and there are accompaniment instruments that can switch between two or four multi-note accompaniment chords.
Use as a musical instrument
From 1920 many gymnastics and cycling clubs as well as volunteer fire brigades began to found so-called Martin chapels. The Martin's trumpet also played a special role as a “shawm” in the labor movement. After the First World War, workers' music associations were founded in the mining districts and industrial areas of Germany, which played workers ' songs as "shawm bands" at demonstrations and rallies by the workers ' movement . The Schalmeien-Kapellen played a central role in the Red Front Fighter League. Even Erich Honecker played in his youth at the Red American Legion Schalmei - 1987 he gave the West German rock musician Udo Lindenberg an instrument in response to that gift of a leather jacket.
Only Horst Wessel broke through the left-wing monopoly with an exemption from his sponsor Joseph Goebbels and created a National Socialist shawm chapel. Many of these shawm bands were dissolved after Hitler came to power in 1933, but were re-established after the Second World War in 1945.
Today there are many shawm bands throughout Germany, which are organized in local associations and make music publicly at festivals and parades (including at carnival events ). The shawms are usually accompanied by percussion instruments of various sizes and cross pipes .
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.floraberlin.de/soundbag/index109d.htm
- ↑ Heinz Knobloch: The poor Epstein, as well as The phenotypical Nazi: Horst Wessel Schalmeien and the struggle for Kiez bars from Johannes Willms Süddeutsche Zeitung May 17, 2010
- ↑ musiktreff.info: Schalmeien-Gruppen from German-speaking countries, accessed on February 3, 2015
