Linzgau

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The Linzgau on Lake Constance

The Linzgau is a landscape in the south of Baden-Württemberg . It is bounded in the south by Lake Constance and in the east by the Schussen and extends in the west to Überlingen and north to Pfullendorf .

history

The name originally goes back to a Latin derivation of the Celtic river name Lentia , which was later replaced by the German name Linzer Aach (also Seefelder Aach). The pre-Germanic name still exists in the place name Linz (today to Aach-Linz , city of Pfullendorf ), a place near the source of the Aach.

Prehistory and early history

The oldest demonstrable settlement of the Linzgau belongs to the Mesolithic (8000–5500 BC). Well known and archaeologically significant are the Neolithic pile dwellings on the shores of Lake Constance, but also in the Egelsee near Ruhestetten , which were also erected again and again in the Bronze Age (2200–800 BC). Since the late Hallstatt period in the 6th century BC The population of Linzgau can safely be described as Celtic ( burial mounds near Hödingen , Salem and Stetten ). In late Celtic times (1st century BC), from the z. For example, a Viereckschanze testifies to Aach-Linz, today's Linzgau came under the influence of the Roman Empire , to which it belonged until the end of the 3rd century AD. Roman settlements existed at Bambergen , Meersburg and Mettenbuch , among others .

After the Romans withdrew behind the Rhine , Germanic groups began to settle in Linzgau as well. The old Celtic river name gave its name to the Alemannic sub-tribe of the Lentiens , who are mentioned in the 4th century AD by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus . The extent of their tribal area during the migration period cannot be reconstructed; it was probably larger than the areas later named Linzgau. Archaeological finds of the early Alemanni are rare in Linzgau. Only a subsequent burial in a Hallstatt burial mound in Salem and a woman's grave near Bruckfelden can so far be mentioned here. The settlement of the early Middle Ages (conquered by the Franks in the 6th century AD) does not seem to have been much denser , as references to the typical row grave fields , as in the east bordering Upper Swabia , have so far only rarely been found.

middle Ages

The map of the Duchy of Swabia shows the Linzgau

With the division of the Frankish Empire in counties in the early Middle Ages the Linzgau appears as Gaugrafschaft of Lake Constance between north Hegau and Argengau (771 in pago Linzgauvia , St. Galler Urkundenbuch 1.59). In the year 764, a Count Warin was mentioned in a document from the Prince Abbey of St. Gallen . The eastern part of the Linzgau was also known as the Schussengau.

The scope in the Middle Ages is described, for example, in a loan from King Wenceslas from 1382 for Count Albrecht von Werdenberg : The border ran from the Rhine bridge at Petershausen Monastery (city of Konstanz ), to the linden tree in Dingelsdorf , across the lake to Ludwigshafen , from there via Nesselwangen to the gray stone on the highway between Ruhestetten and Aach-Linz . Continue from a mill near Pfullendorf over a boundary stone near Ostrach and the fountain from Riedhausen into the Schussen near Berg . From there, Schussen and Lake Constance form the border back to Petershausen.

In the church organization, the deanery north of Lake Constance was called Landkapitel Linzgau (1324 capitulum decanatus Lintzgöye )

In 1135 the Counts of Heiligenberg received the Landgraviate of Linzgau, from which it passed to the Counts of Werdenberg in 1277 and to the Fürstenbergers in 1535 . During the Middle Ages, the name of the Grafensitz Heiligenberg passed to the entire county, so that the name Linzgau was replaced by the term Grafschaft Heiligenberg .

Modern times

In the course of mediatization at the beginning of the 19th century, a large part of the former Linzgau fell to the Grand Duchy of Baden , so that the name was often used as a synonym for the Baden district of Überlingen . Today the former Linzgau lies in the Lake Constance district , in the southwest of the Ravensburg district and in the south of the Sigmaringen district .

The Linzgau today

In addition to the Catholic dean's office in Linzgau , the Linzgau is still a non-officially used landscape designation and is less known than z. B. the adjacent Hegau . However, it has always remained in use and has been gaining popularity again in recent years, such as B. the naming of the shopping center built around 1990 in Pfullendorf as the Linzgau Center or Markdorf's self-designation as the pearl of Linzgau .

The regional tourism association is also called Bodensee-Linzgau Tourismus eV and coordinates the tourist activities of the six holiday resorts Daisendorf , Frickingen , Heiligenberg , Herdwangen-Schönach , Owingen and Salem .

The sub-landscape of Upper Linzgau includes the higher-lying communities roughly from Pfullendorf to Illmensee .

landscape

The entire Linzgau is shaped over the ice age . The landscapes bordering Lake Constance are favored by the Lake Constance climate and are therefore fruit and wine-growing areas. The landscape is undulating, but in some places it is characterized by round fields of hills ( drumlins ), which were carved out by the action of the Rhine glacier in the last ice age.

The upper Linzgau is separated from the Lake Constance area by steep terrain in places and the climate is much rougher. It reaches a height of up to 833  m above sea level. NN ( highest ), which is why there is already a low mountain range here. Characteristic here are elongated moraine ridges made of alpine rock material that was deposited at the end of the glacier . Extensive moorland and reed areas and individual lakes determine the landscape, especially in the northeast.

The Linzgau is largely rural, only on the shores of Lake Constance is the settlement more dense and there are also important industrial companies. The biggest cities are Überlingen , Pfullendorf and Markdorf . The federal highways 31 and 33 running west-east parallel to the lakeshore, as well as the Stahringen – Friedrichshafen railway line, are the supraregional transport links that run through the Linzgau.

literature

  • Hermann Eris Busse (Ed.): Überlingersee and Linzgau. In: Badische Heimat 23, 1936
  • Carl Borromeo Alois Fickler: Heiligenberg in Swabia. With a story of its old counts and the Linzgau ruled by them . Macklot, Karlsruhe 1853 ( digitized version )
  • Herbert Liedtke: Names and delimitations of landscapes in the Federal Republic of Germany. 3rd edition German Academy for Regional Studies, Flensburg 2002 (Research on German Regional Studies 239)
  • Georg Sambeth: Description of the Linzgau. In: Freiburger Diöcesan-Archiv 9, 1875, pp. 35–100 ( digitized version ; PDF; 28.0 MB)
  • Hans Schleuning (Ed.): Überlingen and the Linzgau on Lake Constance. Stuttgart / Aalen 1972 (home and work)
  • Charlotte Zoller: Out and about in the upper Linzgau. Declaration of love to a landscape. J.Schmid Verlag, Pfullendorf 1993

Web links

Coordinates: 47 ° 48 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 10 ′ 0 ″  E