Shot
The Schussen is a 59 km long tributary of Lake Constance and thus a right and northern tributary of the Rhine in the southern part of Baden-Württemberg in Germany .
geography
course
From its source near the Federsee , around one and a half kilometers north of Bad Schussenried in Upper Swabia , where the main European watershed between the Rhine and Danube runs, the Schussen flows mainly southwards to its confluence with Lake Constance .
The area around the Schussenquelle was settled in prehistoric times. In 1867 Oscar von Fraas uncovered a Paleolithic camp site there.
In its upper reaches in the district of Biberach, the Schussen is the only river flowing south towards Lake Constance, the neighboring rivers strive north towards the Danube.
To the south of Aulendorf it passes a narrow valley in the northern part of the Altdorf Forest , the Schussentobel near Durlesbach , from which it steps into the wide Schussen basin at Mochenwangen . This was not created by the river, but is of Ice Age origin. There the Schussen flows to the cities Weingarten , Ravensburg and the places Meckenbeuren and throats over before it about 1.5 kilometers south of Eriskirch in the area of Eriskircher Ried in Lake Constance opens .
Catchment area
The Schussen drains an area of around 815 square kilometers . It extends roughly from Bad Schussenried in the north via Bad Waldsee , Bergatreute , Wolfegg and Immenried to Gebrazhofen in the east, from Vogt , Bodnegg and Tettnang to the mouth in the south, and from Friedrichshafen , Oberteuringen , Fronhofen and Altshausen to Bad Saulgau in the West.
gradient
On its length of around 59 kilometers, the Schussen loses 182 meters in height; this corresponds to an average gradient of 3.1 ‰. It flows through the steepest sections of the gradient south of Bad Schussenried with a maximum of 7.8 ‰ and in the Schussentobel. Here the Schussen breaks through the moraine walls of the Singen stadium and falls over a length of around nine kilometers by around 85 meters (= 8 ‰). In Kehlen-Gerbertshaus ( 401.58 m above sea level ), the Schussen is six meters above the level of Lake Constance, so the gradient finally sinks to 0.07 ‰.
Tributaries
The most water-rich tributary of the Schussen is the Wolfegger Ach . It opens between the Baienfurt districts of Binningen and Niederbiegen. From the source to the mouth, the Schussen receives the following tributaries in addition to many unnamed streams and ditches:
- Krebsgraben (l), in the Schwaigfurter Weiher
- Haslacher Bach (l), north of Aulendorf
- Booser Ach (r), south of Aulendorf
- Steinach (l), near Wallenreute; Coming from Bad Waldsee, ø 0.35 m³ / s
- Durlesbach (l), near Durlesbach
- Krumbach (r), east of Weiler
- Ettishofer Ach (r), east of Berg
- Wolfegger Ach (l), west of Binningen; from the western edge of the Allgäu , ø 3.4 m³ / s
- Scherzach (l), west of Weingarten; Coming from Schlier , ø 0.43 m³ / s
- Flappach (l), in Ravensburg
- Schwalbenbach (r), west of the Ravensburg city center
- Gillenbach , also Güllenbach (r), near Oberzell
- Schwarzach (l), near Eschach; Coming from Bodnegg , ø 0.51 m³ / s
- Mühlbach (r), from the Weißenau Forest
- Ramsbach (l), near Siglishofen
- Schussen (r), near Brochenzell ; coming from the Brochenzell forest
- Tegelbach (r), near Lochbrücke
- Tobelbach (l), at Sibratshaus
level
The Tübingen regional council operates two water level stations on the Schussen. The measurement data is provided by the Baden-Württemberg flood forecasting center and the State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (LUBW).
Durlesbach
In Durlesbach , the residential area of the Bad Waldsee district of Reute , the Durlesbach / Schussen gauge is located at river kilometer 42.87 . The level zero point is 492.87 m above sea level. NN .
- Statistical values
- Lowest water level (discharge) of the years 1985–2003 on July 27, 1985: 0.25 m / 0.24 m³ per second
- Average of the lowest water levels (runoffs) in 1985–2003: 0.48 m / 0.94 m³ per second
- Average water level (runoff) from 1985–2003: 0.66 m / 3.11 m³ per second
- Historic high, flood on May 19, 1994: 1.78 m
Gerbertshaus
At Gerbertshaus, part of the Meckenbeurer district of Kehlen , the Gerbertshaus / Schussen gauge is located at river kilometer 8.43 . The level zero point is here at 401.58 m above sea level. NN .
- Statistical values
- Lowest water level (discharge) from 1981–2003 on August 16, 1998: 0.27 m / 1.99 m³ per second
- Average of the lowest water levels (runoffs) from 1981–2003: 0.34 m / 3.56 m³ per second
- Average water level (runoff) from 1985–2003: 0.61 m / 11.81 m³ per second
- Historic high, flood on June 2, 2013: 4.11 m
bridges
The Schussen is crossed by bridges of various types, including two historic wooden bridges in Eriskirch.
"Schussentalbrücke" in Ravensburg
Wooden bridge in Eriskirch-Baumgarten (1824)
Wooden bridge in the center of Eriskirchen (1828)
Hanging jetty in Eriskirch
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literature
- Otto Beck: River landscapes . (= Remarkable ; 6). Kreissparkasse, Ravensburg 1989
- W. Einsele, G. Hellemann, H. Vetter: Hydrographic and hydrochemical investigations on a backwater loop (Schussen near Eriskirch) and on a pond (Bühelweiher near Wasserburg) , in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 64th year . 1937, pp. 79–119 ( digitized version )
- Edwin Grünvogel : On the valley history of the Lake Constance tributaries Rotach, Schussen and Argen due to their slope , in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 76th year 1958, pp. 103–151 ( digitized version )
- State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Die Schussen. Balance of the pollution of a Lake Constance tributary. Development, current condition and future prospects for the Schussen from a water management point of view . (Institute for Lake Research Langenargen; Vol. 9). LUBW, Karlsruhe 2010
- Ulfried Miller: Wonderland on the Schussenstrand (in the series Discovering Nature in Weingarten ). BUND Ravensburg, Ravensburg 1996, ISBN 3-922483-94-1 (p. 28)
- Max Preger: Ravensburg and the Shots . Oberschwäbische Verlagsanstalt Drexler, Ravensburg 1993, ISBN 3-926891-10-6
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c LUBW and Institute for Lake Research : "The nature of the Schussen - balance of the pollution of a Lake Constance tributary"; 1st edition, June 2010 ( online )
- ↑ Geoportal Baden-Württemberg ( information )
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Rhine Region, Part I 2009 State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, p. 73, accessed on January 22, 2016 (PDF, German, 1.85 MB).