Dornbirn Oh
| Dornbirn Oh | ||
 River course of the Dornbirner Ach |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | AT : 8115 | |
| location | Vorarlberg , Austria | |
| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Lake Constance → Rhine → North Sea | |
| source | On the northwest flank of the Hohe Freschens 47 ° 18 ′ 40 ″ N , 9 ° 46 ′ 5 ″ E |
|
| Source height | 1485 m above sea level A. | |
| muzzle | At Hard in the Lake Constance coordinates: 47 ° 29 '50 " N , 9 ° 40' 32" E 47 ° 29 '50 " N , 9 ° 40' 32" E |
|
| Mouth height | 395 m above sea level A. | |
| Height difference | 1090 m | |
| Bottom slope | 36 ‰ | |
| length | 29.9 km | |
| Catchment area | 223 km² | |
| Discharge at the Lauterach A Eo gauge : 195.6 km². Location: 3.5 km above the mouth |
NNQ (02/06/1996) MNQ 1984–2011 MQ 1984–2011 Mq 1984–2011 MHQ 1984–2011 HHQ (08/23/2005) |
240 l / s 980 l / s 6.94 m³ / s 35.5 l / (s km²) 137 m³ / s 236 m³ / s |
| Reservoirs flowed through | Staufensee | |
| Medium-sized cities | Dornbirn | |
| Communities | Lustenau , Lauterach , Hard | |
The Dornbirner Ach (also Dornbirnerach or Dornbirner Ache ) is one of the most important drains for the smaller streams of the western Bregenzerwaldgebirge and the lower Rhine Valley in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg , along with the northern Bregenzer Ach . Before the Rhine was regulated , the Dornbirner Ach flowed into Lake Constance near Fußach . Today the 30-kilometer-long river near Hard flows east of and a few kilometers parallel to the Rhine into Lake Constance and previously crossed the municipality of Dornbirn .
geography
River course
The river has its source in the so-called Valorsertal ( Rhaeto-Romanic for Bärental), on the northwest flank of the Hohe Freschens , near the small mountain village of Ebnit , where it still bears the name Ebniterach . The headwaters of the Ebniterach are located almost in the south of the Dornbirn municipality, near the border with the municipality of Zwischenwasser (more than 10 km² of the south-eastern Dornbirner mountain area, namely the area of the Dornbirner First , which lies on the side of the Mellental, becomes the river system of the Bregenz Oh dehydrated). The first section of the river is characterized by deep gorges and significant cuts in the mountain landscape of Dornbirn.
Several tributaries, such as the Gunzenach / Kobelach , join the Ach in the upper course of the river. After the Schaufel Gorge, from which the river is officially referred to as the Dornbirner Ach, it flows through the Alploch Gorge and is dammed up to the Staufensee reservoir . This is named after the Staufen mountain that rises above it. Then it crosses the Rappenloch Gorge , which has been cut over the course of thousands of years and developed as a destination for excursions , before flowing past the factories of a former textile factory after about 14.5 kilometers in Gütle . The catchment area of the Dornbirner Ach up to the valley outlet in Gütle with a size of 51.1 square kilometers is one of the wettest areas in Vorarlberg.
Finally, as the border river between the two Dornbirn districts, Hatlerdorf and Oberdorf, or later market, it reaches an inhabited area. Past various structures such as the hospital , the secondary school or the Birkenwiese stadium , it finally leads again as a border river between the districts of Schoren and Rohrbach into the Achauen, known as a local recreation area. In the middle of this deciduous forest to the left and right of the Ach there is a very special transition option over the river, a barred ford . The river meanders in numerous meanders below this through the Dornbirn or Lauteracher Ried , where the Koblacher Canal joins 400 meters outside the northwest corner of the Dornbirn municipality .
Where the Ach previously formed part of the northern municipal boundary of Dornbirn, Senderstraße L41 crosses the river with the listed, covered transmitter bridge . Both the bridge and the road are named after the Lauterach transmitter, which was built in 1931 and is located about 400 meters east-northeast of the bridge .
The Dornbirner Ach thus extends within the Dornbirner municipal area from about 2.5 km north of the southernmost point to its northernmost point in the north-west of the municipality. The area in the extreme south-east of the municipality with a size of a little more than 10 km² drains north-east to the river system of the Bregenzer Ach. In the last section of the river, which since Fussach puncture from 1904 is straight in the wake of the International Rhine Regulation, it forms together with the Old Rhine , the nature reserve Rhine Delta . The Dornbirner Ach then flows parallel to the Alpine Rhine near Hard in Lake Constance.
Tributaries
The Dornbirner Ach is one of the most important rivers in the western Bregenzerwald Mountains . Many larger and smaller mountain streams, mainly from the Dornbirn municipality (First), feed the river in the first section. Only very few of the numerous left and right tributaries of the Dornbirner Ach have a name. Therefore, only the largest and most common are mentioned here. The Kugelbach is one of the first to flow on the left in the area of the Untere Wäldlealpe towards the Dornbirner Ach, which is still known as the Ebniterache in this section of the river. The next important tributary on the left is the Bruderbach , which is known as the Ebniter Dorfbach because it clearly defines the boundaries of the village. Only in the area of the Alplochschlucht does another larger stream, the Spatenbach, flow into it . Numerous short brooks that are barely longer than a kilometer flow into the Staufensee that follows. Probably the most important tributary in this first section of the river is the Kobel Ach . This flows over large parts parallel to the Ebniter Ache and was previously called Gunzen Ach . Furthermore, the Kobel Ach flows into the Laubach , Rudach and Tintelsbach before it flows into the Dornbirner Ach in the Gütle .
Over a distance of about three kilometers, rivers only flow into the Ach on the left side. Only at the valley station of the Karrenseilbahn does the Gechelbach flow on the right . No further streams flow into the following municipality of Dornbirn. Only in the Achauen and the Dornbirner and Lauteracher Ried area do smaller drainage and land ditches flow in again. The next significant tributary is the Fußenau Canal , which is fed by several rivers in the local area ( e.g. Fischbach , Steinebach , Haselstauderbach or Karlesgraben ) and only flows just before the confluence of the Schwarzach and the subsequent, distinctive bend in the course of the Dornbirner Ach.
The last important river that the Ach joins in the municipality of Dornbirn is the Koblacher Canal , officially known as the Vorarlberg Rheintalbinnen Canal . This drains large parts of the lower Rhine Valley (for example, the Dornbirn-Lustenau-Landgraben flows into the canal ) and, along with the Rhine, is probably one of the most important rivers that run south-north in the Vorarlberg Rhine Valley . The municipality of Dornbirn ends a few meters before the tributary of the Koblacher Canal, so that it is on the municipal boundary between Lustenau and Lauterach at 399 m above sea level. A. is located. Even in the regulated course of the Ach, the Lustenau Canal is the last stream to flow about 350 meters before it flows into Lake Constance.
geology
The geography around the Dornbirner Ach is characterized by three distinctive areas: firstly by the Lake Constance basin, which was created tectonically , and secondly by the eroding Rhine glaciers of the last ice ages , and secondly by the Eastern and Western Alps . Along the Rhine, the Helvetian plateau dips under the valley floor, in the Bregenzerwald the limestone is covered by flysch . Finally, thirdly, the Rhine Valley, where a great deal of sediment was deposited due to the numerous rivers and streams above the bedrock . The alluvial fan of the Dornbirner Ach begins when the river leaves the valley and ends roughly with the first appearance of meanders. In the upper reaches, the Ach flows through, for the most part, mighty but fragile diluvial masses , from which the large debris masses in the river result. However, the underflow flowing through a substrate of Rhine alluvium and own stranded Diluvionen.
Hydrology
The 51.1 km² catchment area of the Dornbirner Ach up to the valley outlet in the Enz is one of the wettest areas in Vorarlberg, which is one of the wettest even among the Austrian federal states . The steeply rising mountains that border the Rhine Valley lead to the cooling of the humid air masses when the westerly winds are often prevalent. The condensation of the water vapor caused by this leads to incline rain and so often to local showers. Nevertheless, there are strong regional differences in the frequency and intensity of precipitation in a relatively small area. The city of Dornbirn is given an average precipitation of 1,451 millimeters per year, in Gütle the precipitation in the same period is 1,896 millimeters and in Ebnit it is already 2107 millimeters.
Due to the geographical location, the topographical conditions and the precipitation conditions , the water level of the Dornbirner Ach fluctuates very strongly and has a torrent-like character. This can be seen quite clearly at the Enz measuring point. When the water level is low, the flow rate is given as 0.21 m³ / s, while the average is 2.80 m³ / s. During floods , the flow rate can swell to 121 m³ / s. This corresponds to an increase in the amount of water by a factor of 576. Discharge rates of over 200 m³ / s are also possible during floods, but are more of an exception. In the event of a flood of the century (HQ 100 ), the hydrologists of the state of Vorarlberg even calculated a flow rate of 300 m³ / s. The state water engineering authority specifies the flow speed of the Dornbirner Ach as 0.5 - 6 m / s, the average annual runoff as 0.2 billion cubic meters.
Historical
The Dornbirner Ach was a natural obstacle for the Alemannic farmers originally resident in the region, which they had to overcome in order to be able to operate the alpine economy in the Dornbirner First area. The river was later used for drifting wood. The large fluctuations in the amount of water, which were given as 1: 1000, have always posed a natural problem for foresters. Only the construction of stone boundaries over a length of around 2.5 kilometers from the Achmühle to the smelting works between 1830 and 1834 under Ober-Wuhrmeister Xaver Fässler protected the adjacent properties and dwellings from regular flooding. The people of Dornbirn were involved in this work as part of the forced labor service. This construction project was planned by the engineer Alois Negrelli , who at that time (1826–1832) was still district engineer adjunct for Vorarlberg and later became known as the architect of the Suez Canal . A 19-sheet map of the river was created for the construction project on the Dornbirner Ach, drawn by the brother of the famous engineer, Franz Negrelli. This map, dating from 1826, is the oldest known holistic representation of the municipality of Dornbirn (with the exception of its mountain villages) and is probably part of a larger overall work for the cartographic development of the Rhine Valley. Its level of detail forms the basis for numerous researches on the geography of Dornbirn's settlements .
Also in the 19th century, the imperial military strategists recognized the technical defense possibilities of the Dornbirn Ach. Extensive defense plans were drawn up with reference to the Dornbirner Ach, in particular the Fußach port, which is important for Lake Constance shipping , was to be protected. In 1899, a hydroelectric power plant with a reservoir - known today as the Ebensand and Staufensee power plant - was built on behalf of the Hämmerle textile factory . This power plant was supposed to use the water from the Dornbirner Ach to generate electricity for the spinning mill in Gütle; today it is owned by illwerke vkw . With the Fußacher breakthrough in 1904 as part of the regulation of the Alpine Rhine , the Dornbirner Ach was diverted into a new river bed and now flows into Lake Constance near Hard.
During the torrential downpours in August 2005, referred to as the Alpine flood in 2005, the Dornbirner Ach severely damaged infrastructure facilities such as the Achfurt. The city of Dornbirn has therefore invested several million euros in the renovation and expansion of the river boundary since the 1990s. On July 2nd, 2008, in a cooperation between the city of Dornbirn and the SpielRäume office, the river bed of the Dornbirn Ach was played and designed by 1,840 kindergarten children and schoolchildren under the name Ach-Art 08 . This action was taken as an opportunity to bring art and nature closer to the children. The photos taken during the day were later exhibited in the Landhaus in Bregenz . On May 10, 2011, a natural event permanently changed the appearance of the most famous section of the Dornbirn Ach, the Rappenloch Gorge . Around 1 p.m. that day, the Rappenloch Bridge, which crossed the gorge at its narrowest point, collapsed along with several load-bearing rock parts and subsequently buried the Rappenloch Gorge, which had previously been accessible on footbridges. It was not until summer 2013 that an alternative route to the Rappenloch Gorge, which now passes above the demolition site, was opened. This new footbridge offers visitors a view from above into the partially buried gorge.
As part of the flood event in Central Europe at the end of May 2013, Vorarlberg was again hit by large amounts of rain, with locally limited floods and mudslides. On the weekend from May 31st to June 2nd at peak times, the Dornbirner Ach carried water volumes that corresponded to a 10-year flood event. Apart from the scheduled flooding of the Achfurt, however, there was no damage along the main arm of the Dornbirn Ach.
Settlement history
The first sign of human presence on the course of the Dornbirner Ach comes from the Bronze Age (3000 to 1800 BC). It is a bronze dagger blade that was found in 1971 during excavation work for the new construction of the Achmühler Bridge. This is also the oldest find in the Dornbirn municipal area that is still populated today. In all likelihood, however, there was no settlement at that time. Also from the time of settlement by the Romans , when the entire Vorarlberg area belonged to the Roman province of Raetia , no settlements are known on the Dornbirner Ach. Nevertheless, a Roman road , the Viamala from Mediolanum ( Milan ) to Argentoratum ( Strasbourg ), seems to have crossed the Dornbirner Ach. It was only in the course of the Alamannic conquest in the 3rd century that the first people of the Alamanni people might have settled in the area where the river flows into the valley. This is indicated by an Alemannic grave found in 1898. Since the Alemanni did not build individual graves and burial fields were mostly created in the vicinity of settlements, historians conclude from this grave find a settlement in the area of today's Hatlerdorf in the 6th or 7th century.
Finally, around the 9th century, more and more small settlements emerged at economically and traffic-wise important junctions along the Dornbirn Ach. The village of Fußach ( Fossonas ) in 840 and Lustenau ( Lustenoua ) was first mentioned in a document in 887. Dornbirn itself does not appear as Torrinpuirron until 895 . To the south of the Dornbirner Ach, the village of Hatlerdorf emerged, to the north of it the villages of Niederdorf (today Markt) in the valley and Oberdorf on the hillside. These localities have always belonged to a municipality and later formed three of the four original districts of the city of Dornbirn.
It was not until the late Middle Ages that the Ebniterach valley, previously used as pasture, was also settled. Impoverished residents of what is now the Swiss canton of Valais , the so-called Walsers , who emigrated from their original homeland, built the Ebnit settlement on the western slope of the valley in 1351 . This settlement was an independent municipality until 1932 and was then incorporated into the city of Dornbirn.
etymology
First of all, the question arises which name is used for the etymological consideration. The Austrian Federal Office for Metrology and Surveying defines the name of the river as the Dornbirner Ach , which makes this name official and is used for the etymological investigation. In addition, the Vorarlberg state government established numerous field names in Vorarlberg in 1960/61 and determined the name of the river as Dornbirnerach . This designation is still in use today, but is no longer an official spelling.
In order to look at the name Dornbirn Ach etymologically , it is divided into the two words Dornbirn and Ache . Dornbirn is the name of the municipality through which the river mostly flows. The name of the city appears for the first time on October 15, 895 as Torrinpuirron in a Latin document from the St. Gallen monastery . This word means the courts of Torro , whereby Torro was a resident farmer in the area of today's Dornbirn (see also the history of Dornbirn ). The second word - ache - comes from the Celtic and is related to the Latin aqua and the Low German aa. The word in connection with a body of water means in Bavarian "fast flowing river or brook with a great gradient".
The former name of the Dornbirner Ach, Fuss Ach , is therefore probably partly of Germanic origin; it was first mentioned as Fossonas in the tax directory of the Pfäfers monastery in 840 in connection with the community of Fußach named after the river . This name developed from the spelling Fozzaha and Fuozza in the 11th century on Fussach .
environment
flora
In the upper reaches, the Dornbirner Ach is a pure mountain stream . This flows in the Valorsertal through mostly alpine green areas with lush grass growth. Occasionally there are also conifers and shrubs . Due to the cultivation of the Alps, however, these had to make way for the majority of pastures for livestock. In the further course of the river, approximately from the tributary of the Bruderbach, the river digs deep into the profile of the mountain landscape and sometimes forms gorges that are worth seeing . The biological diversity of plants is correspondingly thin here. Only a few typical shady plants, such as moss or lichen , defy the inhospitable conditions at this point. Examples of flowering plants in this section are common night viola , tall-stemmed plantain ( Plantago altissima ), columbine, and the rare hill strawberry .
From the end of the Rappenloch Gorge, in Gütle, the dense coniferous forests of the Dornbirner mountain landscape begin to line the banks of the Dornbirner Ach again. That only changes with the beginning of the urban area, where the natural flora and fauna are initially severely restricted. The entire river is routed through the eastern part of the city in a concrete river bed. Few shrubs have found a new home in this unnatural environment; the image of the river appears here - as has been criticized many times - artificial and aloof. The few species that have established themselves in this river bed include the white willow , the purple willow , the Canada poplar , the common ash , the sycamore maple , the hazelnut , the mountain elm and the black elder .
Below the railway line, the appearance of the river environment changes very strongly, and the Dornbirner Ach is again led into a largely natural bed with lush deciduous forests to the right and left. In these forests - known to the people of Dornbirn as a local recreation area - there are no conifers, which is very similar to the later landscape of the reed . The Dornbirner Ach flows into this in a strongly meandering manner. Here again there are mostly rich meadows and fields , but hardly any fields that lie on either side of the Ach. That does not change until the influence in Lake Constance.
Most of the areas of the lower reaches of the Dornbirner Ach belong to the Natura 2000 areas Lauteracher Ried and Rhine Delta and to the nature reserve Birken - Schwarzes Zeug - Mäander der Dornbirner Ach .
fauna
Although the water of the Dornbirn Ach is heavily polluted in parts, there are still fish in the entire course of the river that have adapted to these circumstances and were released by the Dornbirn fishing association. Especially in the upper, clean section of the river and the numerous tributaries there are still many fish. Here it is mainly native species such as the brown trout , rainbow trout , gudgeon , bullhead or loach that live in the water of the Dornbirn Ach. Furthermore, dragonflies and various salamanders have been sighted in Valorsertal . The strong construction in the lower reaches or in the urban area of Dornbirn counteract the settlement of new species in these areas.
Around 10,000 brooders of parent fish from the nose of the Dornbirner Ach were released in 2014 by the Liechtenstein fishing association in the area of the Alpine Rhine. In the meantime, it is assumed that there will be resettlement in the waters of the Liechtenstein lowlands connected to the Alpine Rhine .
Building measures
The Dornbirner Ach is one of the strongest torrents in Vorarlberg alongside the Bregenz Ach . Normally this cannot be seen from her, but the amount of water carried can multiply within a few hours and the Ach can become a torrent. That is why the stone demarcation walls planned by Alois Negrelli von Moldelbe in 1830 and built in 1834 have been replaced by modern concrete watermelon systems, which are intended to avert the risk of flooding from the Gütle onwards. Within the urban area, the river is routed like a staircase in a concrete river bed. Only below the railway line are these artificial walls replaced by natural, wooded earth walls and gravel islands, which take on flood protection here. The Dornbirner Ach is known as a permanent construction site for torrent and avalanche control in the state of Vorarlberg, as it or one of its numerous tributaries has to be constantly built. For this purpose, a construction yard for torrent and avalanche control was set up next to the valley station of the Karrenseilbahn cable car.
use
Industry
In the early 20th century, the Dornbirner Ach was used as an energy supplier by the flourishing textile industry in Dornbirn , but it is becoming increasingly less of an economic importance. Only the Ebensand power plant , the second oldest power plant in Vorarlberg, which is owned by VKW , still uses the river's hydropower to generate energy with the Staufensee reservoir. Due to the permitted water levels in the Enz forest bathing area , where the water from the Dornbirner Ach was still used as bathing water until 1964, for industrial use (known as Müllerbach ), the Dornbirner Ach is theoretically dry for 218 days a year. In practical terms, however, far less water than the permitted 1800 liters per second is withdrawn to protect the river. In addition, small amounts of rock are removed from the Kobelache tributary in a gravel works in the upper section of the river .
Recreation area
The Dornbirner Ach is far more important as a local recreation and tourism area. Here it is above all the Rappenloch Gorge that attracts tourists from all over the world. Many people from Dornbirn are familiar with the lower section of the river in the Achauen area as a local recreation area . Especially in summer, the stony banks in the artificial stream bed below the Sägerbrücke are populated by townspeople looking for relaxation. In 2013 the bathing quality of the Dornbirner Ach in the city area was rated five times as "sufficient" and once as "very good" in accordance with the quality guidelines of the Vorarlberg state government. Originally, even the popular outdoor pool in the Enz was fed by the water from the Dornbirner Ach. Only since the reopening of the new Enz forest pool on June 24, 1988, the Achwasser is no longer used in the swimming pool. In the course of the revitalization of the Achauen, the city of Dornbirn created a fitness trail and extensive riding and walking trails in the wooded areas below the railway line.
Drinking water
You can fish on the Dornbirner Ach with the appropriate license. The Dornbirner Ach has drinking water quality (class I-II) at most in the uppermost section of the river, otherwise the quality of the water is generally given as water quality class II. At the latest after the treated wastewater has been fed to the Dornbirn-Schwarzach wastewater treatment plant in the area below the Achfurt (at river kilometer 7.84 of the Dornbirn Ach), the water is no longer suitable as drinking water and corresponds to water quality class II-III.
literature
- Anja Konrad: Dornbirner Ach card . In: Vorarlberg ARCHIVE . Volume 2, sheet VA 02101, Austrian archive publisher
- Karl Heinz Burmeister : Map of the Dornbirner Ache . In: Vorarlberg ARCHIVE documents . Sheet VA DOK 17, Austrian archive publisher
- Alois Niederstätter : Alois Negrelli from Moldelbe . In: Land Vorarlberg (Ed.): Vorarlberg Chronik . 3rd edition, 2005, ISBN 3-85430-327-0
- Bernhard Ölz: Revitalization of the Dornbirner Ache and associated urban planning measures . Vienna, Univ. for soil culture , Dipl.-Arb. 1987
- Thomas Klobassa: The old meanders of the Dornbirn Ach and the Schwarzach . Hohenems, physiographic project work 1993
- Brigitte Kalb: The importance of the Dornbirner Ache for the municipality of Dornbirn together with an evaluation for the elementary school . Feldkirch, Pedagogical Acad. , House work. 1981
Web links
- Current water level of the Dornbirner Ach at the measuring point Enz
- Entry on Dornbirner Ach in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b All heights refer to measurement data from the VoGIS atlas . Deviations in the range of ± 5 m are possible.
- ↑ Exact length according to VoGIS 29,904.35 m.
- ↑ a b Water in Vorarlberg. Interesting facts about the country's most important natural resource. (PDF; 2.4 MB) In: Website of the State of Vorarlberg. Office of the Vorarlberg state government, water management department, 2016, p. 16 , accessed on February 25, 2018 .
- ↑ Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Hydrographisches Jahrbuch von Österreich 2011. 119th Volume. Vienna 2013, p. OG 76, PDF (12.9 MB) on bmlrt.gv.at (Yearbook 2011)
- ↑ a b Bernhard Ölz: Revitalization of the Dornbirner Ache and associated urban planning measures . Vienna, Univ. for soil culture , Dipl.-Arb. 1987
- ↑ a b Harald Rhomberg: The “Dornbirner Ach map” from 1826 in the Dornbirn city archive . Dornbirn City Archives. Exact explanation on the website of the Dornbirner History Workshop.
- ↑ The heavy rain and flood event of August 2005 in Vorarlberg ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 3.6 MB) . Report by the office of the Vorarlberg state government on the 2005 flood event.
- ↑ Building fever in the trade fair city . Article by ORF Vorarlberg from March 7, 2007.
- ^ Report on the Ach-Art 08 campaign ( memento from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the city of Dornbirn.
- ↑ Rappenloch Bridge collapsed near Ebnit . Article on derstandard.at from May 10, 2011.
- ↑ Rappenloch Gorge accessible again . Article by ORF Vorarlberg from 23 August 2013.
- ↑ 1,300 fire service operations in 72 hours . Article by ORF Vorarlberg from June 2, 2013.
- ↑ Information according to the book History of the City of Dornbirn
- ↑ Determination of field names ( Memento of the original from November 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( MS Word ; 131 kB) of the state of Vorarlberg in 1960/61.
- ↑ According to Werner Vogt , fusso or fussa should be derived from fossa ( Latin : for moat ). This would be indicated by the field names Fussatal ( Dornbirner First ), Fussa , Fussatobel , Fußagraben ( Hohe Kugel ) in the upper headwaters of the Dornbirner Ach .
- ↑ Extract from the Fußach village chronicle .
- ^ Adolf Polatschek: Contribution to the flora of Tyrol and Vorarlberg (PDF; 2.3 MB) .
- ↑ Information on the tree population according to the diploma thesis by Bernhard Ölz (see literature).
- ↑ Fish stocks according to the Vorarlberger Sportfischer Handbuch.
- ↑ Liechtensteiner Vaterland , April 19, 2017, p. 5.
- ↑ Report on the bathing quality study on the Dornbirner Ach 2013 ( Memento from January 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Information according to the river quality study 2008 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 189 kB) of the state hydraulic engineering office for Vorarlberg.
