Bregenz Forest Mountains

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Bregenz Forest Mountains
Bregenzerwaldgebirge.png
Highest peak Glatthorn ( 2133  m above sea level )
location Vorarlberg , Austria
part of Bavarian Alps (SOUISA)
Northern Eastern Alps
Classification according to AVE : 1
SOIUSA : 22.I
Coordinates 47 ° 16 '  N , 9 ° 53'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 16 '  N , 9 ° 53'  E
Type Fold Mountains
rock Limestone , marl , sandstone , Nagelfluh
Age of the rock Jurassic , Chalk , Tertiary
surface 830 km²
View from the foot of the Zafernhorn in Fontanella-Faschina to the highest mountain in the Bregenz Forest, the Glatthorn (2133 m above sea level)

View from the foot of the Zafernhorn in Fontanella -Faschina to the highest mountain in the Bregenz Forest, the Glatthorn ( 2133  m above sea level )

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The Bregenzerwaldgebirge is a mountain group of the Eastern Alps .

The mountains are to be distinguished from the Bregenzerwald region . The Bregenz Forest also includes parts of the Allgäu Alps and the Lechquellen Mountains , while the Bregenzerwald Mountains extend into the regions of the Vorarlberg Rhine Valley , the Walgau and the Great Walser Valley .

classification

The name "Bregenzerwaldgebirge" denotes exactly the same area in the Alpine Club division of the Eastern Alps (AVE) and in the international standardized orographic division of the Alps (SOIUSA) . In the AVE it represents one of 27 groups of the Northern Eastern Alps , in the SOIUSA one of six subsections of the Bavarian Alps , which in turn are part of the Northern Eastern Alps.

Classification according to SOIUSA
part II Eastern Alps
sector II / B Northern Eastern Alps
section 22nd The Bavarian Alps
sector 22 / A Allgäu and Bregenz Alps
Subsection 22.I Bregenz Forest Mountains

The Partizione delle Alpi does not define a separate group for the Bregenz Forest Mountains, but assigns it to group 15.a (Allgäu Alps). The Geographical zoning Austria by Reinhard Mang summarizes the Bregenzerwald mountain with a part of the Allgäu Alps "Bregenzerwald" section together and divided again in this "front forest" and "forest background".

According to the orographic - hydrologically oriented mountain group classification for the Austrian cave directory , the Bregenzerwald Mountains west of the Bregenzer Ach form the main part of the 1110 Rheintal - Walgau - Bregenz Forest group , which also includes the Zitterklapfen group and the northwestern part of the Rätikon up to the Vorderälpele . The Bregenzerwaldgebirge east of the Bregenzer Ach corresponds to the groups 1125 Winterstaude and 1128 Mittagsfluh - Hirschberg .

Location and boundaries

Relief of the Bregenzerwald Mountains with the complete Lechquellen Mountains (S) and the west wing of the Allgäu Alps including the Allgäu Nagelfluh layer ridges (NE) along with the main natural boundaries and mountain heights (for legend, see picture description page )

The Bregenz Forest Mountains are located in the extreme northwest of the Eastern Alps , east of the lower Alpine Rhine Valley and southeast of Lake Constance . It lies entirely in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg and dominates its northern half.

The boundary of the Bregenz Forest Mountains runs clockwise along the line Bodensee - Bregenz Ach - Subersach - Schönenbach - Osterguntenbach - Stogger Sattel - Rehmerbach - Bregenz Ach - Argenbach - Brägazbach - Faschinajoch - Faschinabach - Seebergbach - Lutz - Ill - Rhein - Bodensee

The Faschinajoch connects the Bregenz Forest Mountains with the Lechquellen Mountains. The Stogger Sattel creates the connection to the Allgäu Alps.

Adjacent groups (AVE)
or subsections (SOIUSA)
Allgäu Alps
Appenzell Alps Neighboring mountains
Rätikon Lechquellen Mountains

Breakdown

The municipality of Au in the valley between the western (left) and eastern (right) Bregenzerwald Mountains

According to SOIUSA, the Bregenzerwald Mountains are divided into two main groups, six groups and 13 sub-groups, which correspond to the chapters in the Bregenzerwald Mountains Alpine Club Guide from 1977.

Upper group group Subgroup Highest peak height
A. Western Bregenz Forest Mountains 1 Damülser Berge i. w. S.
(Glatthorn-Mittagspitze chain) 		1.a Glatthorngruppe Smooth horn 2133  m above sea level A.
1.b Damülser Berge i. e. S. Damülser Mittagspitze 2095  m above sea level A.
2 Freschen-Walser chain 2.a Freschengruppe High fresch 2004  m above sea level A.
2 B Walserkamm Valley peak 2000  m above sea level A.
3 Ebniter and Schuttanner Mountains
(Kugel-Schuttannen-Chain) 		3.a Ball group Front horn 1656  m above sea level A.
3.b Mountains of rubble Handsome man 1532  m above sea level A.
4th First-Hochälpele-Gaißkopf chain 4.a Dornbirn First Mörzelspitze and Leuenkopf 1830  m above sea level A.
4.b Hochälpele-Weißenfluh group Hochälpele 1463  m above sea level A.
4.c Lorenaberge i. w. S. Goat's head 1198  m above sea level A.
B. Eastern Bregenz Forest Mountains 5 Mittagsfluh-Bizauer Hirschberg Group 5.a Midday Fluh Midday Fluh 1637  m above sea level A.
5.b Bizau Hirschberg Group Hirschberg 1834  m above sea level A.
6th Winter shrub group 6.a Hinteregger ridge Luguntenkopf 1702  m above sea level A.
6.b Winter shrub ridge Winter shrub 1877  m above sea level A.

The Alpine Club Guide Bregenzerwaldgebirge and Lechquellengebirge by Dieter Seibert from 2008 divides the Bregenzerwaldgebirge into only four chapters:

  1. Freschen-Hochälpele group (subgroup 2.a, groups 3 and 4)
  2. Walserkamm (subgroup 2.b)
  3. East of the Bregenzerach (Obergrupe B)
  4. Damülser Mountains (subgroup 1.b)

The Glatthorn group (sub-group 1.a) counts Seibert as part of the Glatthorn - Zitterklapfen - Hohe Künzel ridge to the Lechquellen Mountains.

Summits and passes

Clippers
The Furkajoch is the highest passable pass within the Bregenzerwald Mountains.

The ten highest peaks in the Bregenz Forest Mountains:

summit Height m above sea level A. Subgroup
Smooth horn 2133 Glatthorngruppe
Türtschhorn 2096 Glatthorngruppe
Damüls lunch peak 2095 Damüls mountains
Shiny 2068 Damüls mountains
Clippers 2066 Damüls mountains
Sünser peak 2061 Damüls mountains
Hungry 2053 Damüls mountains
Ragazer Blanken 2051 Damüls mountains
Holenke 2044 Kanisfluh
Sünserkopf 2032 Damüls mountains

Four of the passes within the Bregenzerwald Mountains are accessible by car :

passport Height m above sea level A. Subgroups Street
Furkajoch 1761 Freschengruppe - Walserkamm L 51
Unterdamülser Furka 1486 Glatthorn Group - Damülser Mountains L 193
Losenpass (" Bödele ") 1139 Hochälpele-Weißenfluh Group - Lorenaberge L 48
Alberschwender pass threshold 702 Lorenaberge (separates the sectors Lorenaberge i.e.s. and Schneiderkopfkamm) L 200

geology

Due to its location in the border area between the Eastern and Western Alps, the Bregenzerwald Mountains are geologically extremely diverse.

The largest part of the Bregenzerwaldgebirge can be assigned to the Helvetic , which formed in the chalk and in the Paleogene . During this time, the Pennine Ocean was located at the site of today's Alps , on the northern edge of which, the Helvetic Shelf , massive limestone deposits formed over the course of millions of years. When the Alps later emerged , these deposits - now limestone - were pushed north and folded several times. The hard Kieselkalk and Schrattenkalk rocks form the rock walls typical of the Bregenzerwald Mountains , as they are particularly evident in the Schuttannenberge , the Freschengruppe or the north cliffs of the Damülser Berge , but also in the winter herbaceous ridge . On the other hand, there are the softer, marl-like Drusberg layers , which weather easily and thus provide a favorable breeding ground for forests and alpine pastures, as can be seen particularly impressively on the Hohe Freschen . In the middle of this area, Kanisfluh and Mittagsfluh stand out, made of Jurassic limestone and thus of the oldest rocks in the Bregenzerwald Mountains.

To the north and south of the Helvetic Zone are two geological sections known as the flysch zone . During the Upper Cretaceous , large amounts of sand from the Central Alps, which at that time were still below sea level, were washed into a deep sea channel in the Pennine Ocean. This solidified to sandstone under the pressure prevailing in the depths and was later pushed over the rocks of the Helveticum when the Alps unfolded. Today this layer has already largely been removed. It still exists as a northern flysch zone in a narrow strip north of the Dornbirn - Gütle - Andelsbuch - Sibratsgfälle line , i.e. mainly in the Hochälpele-Weißenfluh group , and also as a southern flysch zone south of the Feldkirch - Satteins - Innerlaterns - Damülser Mittagsspitze - Schoppernau line , namely in the eastern Walserkamm , in the southern Damüls mountains and in the Glatthorn group , and also in individual islands in between, most prominently recognizable in the summit of the Hohe Kugel . Even stronger than the Drusberg layers, the weathered surface of the sandstones and marl of this zone forms excellent soil for trees and grasses. The mountains of the flysch zone, gently shaped due to the soft rock, are therefore overgrown with forests and meadows even on the steepest slopes up to the peaks.

The Bregenzerwaldgebirge north of the Dornbirn - Egg - Hittisau line , i.e. essentially the area of ​​the Lorenaberge , consists of subalpine molasses , which - relatively late for the Alps - was formed in the Neogene . During this geological phase, the European plate was pushed down by the already towering Alps, so that a sea depression called Paratethys formed between the newly forming mountains and the continental plate . Rivers transported erosion material from the young Alps into this estuary, where it was then deposited as sediments . In the later course of the mountain formation, these rocks were also unfolded. The Nagelfluh is typical for this zone , but sandstones and marl also occur.

landscape

View from the slope of the Brüggelekopf to the southeast

Almost the entire western Bregenz Forest Mountains consist of a single, star-shaped, branched mountain node. Starting from Hohen Freschen , the mountain ranges run to the east (Damülser Berge), south (Walserkamm), southwest ( Alpwegkopf ), northwest (Kugel-Schuttannen chain) and north (First-Hochälpele-Gaißkopf chain). Only the Glatthorn group forms a comparatively clearly defined mountain range, which is separated from the Damüls mountains by the deeply cutting Unterdamülser Furka. From the Rhine valley the Schwarzach , Dornbirner Ach , Frödisch and Frutz cut striking valleys between the chains, from the Bregenzerwald it is above all the Mellenbach and from the Großer Walsertal the Ladritschbach . With the Staufensee and the Sünser See there are also two larger mountain lakes in this area.

The eastern Bregenzerwaldgebirge consists of the Mittagsfluh, the Bizauer Hirschberggruppe, the Hinteregger Grat and the Winterstaudenkamm of four mountain ranges of different lengths, running parallel from west to east, separated from each other by the Weißenbach , the Bizauer Bach and the Grebenbach , all of which go west into the Bregenzer Ach drain.

The summit heights rise in the entire Bregenzerwald Mountains from northwest to southeast. Medium-mountainous mountains covered with meadows and forests dominate, high mountain character can only be found on the extreme southern edge at the transition to the Lechquellen Mountains .

natural reserve

In the Auer Ried nature reserve

Part of the Walserkamm and the entire Glatthorn Group lie in the area of ​​the Großes Walsertal Biosphere Park .

With the Bregenzerachschlucht , the Fohramoos , the areas under Steller height and lower the Winterstaude , sub Argenstein , the Ill gorge and the areas Übersaxen-Satteins , Walsbächle and Torfriedbach nine are Natura 2000 -type regions in the Bregenz Forest mountains.

The largest nature reserve under Vorarlberg state law, Hohe Kugel - Hoher Freschen - Mellental , is entirely located in the Bregenzerwald Mountains, as are the smaller nature reserves Farnacher Moos , Fohramoos , Auer Ried , Amatlina-Vita , Gasserplatz and Bludescher Magerwiesen and the protected areas of Haslach-Breitenberg , Klien and Montiola .

Development and settlement

The mountain villages Fraxern , Viktorsberg and Dafins on the western slope of the Bregenz Forest Mountains

To the north and west of the Losenpass lies a network of settlements that form the communities of Buch , Bildstein , Alberschwende and Schwarzenberg . In the rest of the Bregenz Forest Mountains, settlement in the high elevations is concentrated on its western and southern edges. On the slopes of the Rhine Valley there are individual hamlets and villages that are further apart, such as Oberfallenberg , Watzenegg , Kehlegg , Emsreute , Fraxern , Viktorsberg , Dafins , Batschuns and Furx , most of which can be accessed with simple access roads from the Rhine Valley. The mountain communities of Walgau and the Great Walsertal are located on the southern slopes of the Walserkamm . Only the Walser villages Ebnit and Laterns are located in valleys entirely within the Bregenz Forest Mountains, the majority of the mountain area is forested or is used for the numerous Alps .

The only cable cars in the Bregenz Forest Mountains lead to the Karren , the Schnifisberg , from Mellau to the Alpe Roßstelle and from there to the Wannen-Alpe and from Bezau to the Baumgarten-Alpe .

tourism

Refuges

There are the following refuges in the Bregenz Forest Mountains :

Surname Valley location Walking time hours Height m above sea level A. beds camp Winter room
Freschenhaus Bad Laterns 2:15 1846 30th 20th 18 mattress dormitories
Gerachhaus Dünserberg 0:45 1550 10 2 -
Hochälpelehütte Schwarzenberg 1:45 1460 - 16 Emergency room
Emser hut Ebnit 0:30 1298 - 25th -
Bregenz Hut Bödele 1:30 1290 8th 3 -
Lustenauer Hut Bödele 1:00 1250 - 16 -
Götzner house Götzis 2:00 1140 26th - -

Long-distance and long-distance hiking trails

The Binnelgrat is the most demanding section of the Northern Alpine Trail in the Bregenz Forest Mountains

The European long-distance hiking trails E4 and E5 lead in the same way in the northern part of the Bregenzerwald Mountains over the Brüggelekopf and the back of the Schneiderkopf . The alpine variant of the E4, which is identical to the Austrian long-distance hiking trail 01 , the Northern Alpine Trail , runs from Damüls via the Portla Fürkele , the Freschenhaus , the Hohen Freschen , the Mörzelspitze , the Weißenfluh-Alpe , the Bregenzer Hütte , the Lustenauer Hütte and the Bödele to the Brüggelekopf, where it unites with the standard variant, and runs through the entire western Bregenzerwald Mountains.

With stages R54 and R55, the Red Trail of Via Alpina touches the Bregenzerwald Mountains on the southern edge when crossing the Great Walser Valley at the foot of the Glatthorn Group and the Walserkamm .

Winter sports

There are three ski areas in the Bregenz Forest Mountains with over 20 kilometers of slopes: Damüls-Mellau-Faschina , Bödele and Laterns-Gapfohl . There are also around a dozen smaller lifts.

literature

Web links

Commons : Bregenz Forest Mountains  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Boundary of the Bregenz Forest Mountains on GeoFinder.ch

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Sergio Marazzi : Atlante orografico delle Alpi. SOIUSA - Suddivisione orografica internazionale unificata del Sistema Alpino . 1st edition. Priuli & Verlucca, Scarmagno 2005, ISBN 88-8068-273-3 (Italian, abstract [PDF; 1.6  MB ; accessed on December 26, 2016]).
  2. ^ Günter Stummer, Lukas Plan: Handbook on the Austrian cave directory including the Bavarian Alpine region . Ed .: Association of Austrian Speleologists and karst and speleological department of the Natural History Museum Vienna (=  Speldok . No. 10 ). Vienna 2002 ( hoehle.org [PDF; 2.1 MB ; accessed on October 21, 2016]).
  3. ^ Franz Grassler : Alpine Association Division of the Eastern Alps (AVE) . In: German and Austrian Alpine Association and Alpine Association South Tyrol (Ed.): Berg '84 (=  Alpine Association Yearbook . No. 108 ). Bergverlag Rudolf Rother GmbH, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-7633-8041-8 , p. 215-224 .
  4. ^ A b Walther Flaig : Alpine Club Guide Bregenzerwaldgebirge . 1st edition. Bergverlag Rudolf Rother, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-7633-1203-X .
  5. ↑ J. Georg Friebe: On the geology of Vorarlberg - an introduction with special consideration of karstifiable rocks . In: Vorarlberger Naturschau . No. 15 . inatura, Dornbirn 2004 ( PDF on ZOBODAT [accessed on October 26, 2016]).
  6. ↑ Base maps & pictures. In: Vorarlberg Atlas4. State of Vorarlberg, accessed on November 10, 2016 .
  7. ↑ Flora & Fauna. In: Vorarlberg Atlas4. State of Vorarlberg, accessed on November 10, 2016 .
  8. ↑ a b Sports & Leisure. In: Vorarlberg Atlas4. State of Vorarlberg, accessed on November 10, 2016 .
  9. ↑ Located high. (PDF; 1.3 MB) The Alpine Club Vorarlberg's huts. (No longer available online.) Alpenverein Vorarlberg, archived from the original on November 1, 2016 ; accessed on November 1, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.alpenverein.at
  10. ↑ Friends of Nature Huts in Vorarlberg. (No longer available online.) Friends of Nature Austria | Vorarlberg, archived from the original on November 1, 2016 ; accessed on November 1, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / vorarlberg.naturfreunde.at