Northern Eastern Alps
| Northern Eastern Alps | |
|---|---|
 View from the Seefelder Joch to the Lechtal Alps , Mieming Mountains and Wetterstein massif |
|
| Highest peak | Parseierspitze ( 3036 m above sea level ) |
| location | Austria and Germany |
| part of | Eastern Alps |
| Classification according to |
AVE : 1-24 SOIUSA : II / B |
| Coordinates | 48 ° N , 13 ° E |
| Type | Fold Mountains |
The Northern Eastern Alps, or simply Northern Alps, are part of the Eastern Alps , which is parallel to the main Alpine ridge . They extend over 500 km from the Vorarlberg Rhine Valley to Vienna and are up to 50 km wide. They are one of four main parts of the Alpine Club division of the Eastern Alps (AVE) and one of three sectors of the Eastern Alps in the international standardized orographic division of the Alps (SOIUSA) according to Sergio Marazzi .
Disambiguation
The definition and boundaries of the Northern Eastern Alps are based on both geological and geographical criteria. In addition to the Northern Alps, the Eastern Alps also include the Central Eastern Alps (Central Alps) and the Southern Eastern Alps (Southern Alps) according to the usual three-way division . In Germany, where the majority of the Alps consist of limestone , the terms "Limestone Alps" and "Northern Alps" are largely used synonymously, but in general the Northern Limestone Alps are only part of the Northern Alps.
Classification of the Northern Eastern Alps
The division of the Eastern Alps parallel to the course of the main ridge in the longitudinal direction makes geographical and geological sense. Because in contrast to many other mountains in the world, the Eastern Alps are characterized by a series of long valleys. These include the Inn Valley , the Salzach Valley , the Ennstal and the Murtal . The geological boundary between the Northern Limestone Alps and the Central Alps largely follows these long valleys, which is why the orographic and tourist boundary between the Northern Eastern Alps and the Central Eastern Alps is laid along this line.
Course of the mountain ranges
The Northern Eastern Alps extend from the Alpine Rhine Valley in a width of 25 to 45 km through Vorarlberg , Tyrol , the Bavarian districts of Swabia and Upper Bavaria , through Salzburg , northern Styria , Upper and Lower Austria .
The summit heights of the Northern Eastern Alps between the Alpine Rhine and Styria are essentially constant at around 2700-3000 m and then decrease eastward towards the Vienna Basin to around 2000 m. The high chains of the Northern Limestone Alps are accompanied to the north by the lower, forested, approximately 1700 m high pre-Alps .
Territorial division
Austria , but also Germany, have a share in the Northern Eastern Alps .
In Austria, the federal states of Vorarlberg , Tyrol , Salzburg , Upper Austria , Styria , Lower Austria and Vienna have a share in the Northern Eastern Alps.
In Germany, only the Free State of Bavaria has a share in the Northern Eastern Alps. Bavaria is the only German federal state that has a share in the Alps as a whole. The State of Baden-Württemberg has only a small proportion of the Northern eastern Alps, if the northern border of the Allgäu Alps not (that is, between the narrower sense Immenstadt and Oberstaufen is) is drawn, but in a broader sense and the elevation of the Adelegg at Isny includes with .
The following sub-groups of the Northern Eastern Alps are located in Vorarlberg : Bregenz Forest Mountains (whole), Allgäu Alps (partially), Lechquellen Mountains (whole), Lechtal Alps (partially).
The following sub-groups of the Northern Eastern Alps are located in Tyrol : Allgäu Alps (partially), Lechtal Alps (partially), Wetterstein Mountains (partially), Mieminger chain (entirely), Karwendel (partially), Rofan Mountains (entirely), Ammergau Alps (partially), Bavarian Pre-Alps (partly), Kaiser Mountains (whole), Loferer and Leoganger Steinberge (partly), Chiemgau Alps (partly).
The following subgroups of the Northern Eastern Alps are located in Salzburg : Loferer and Leoganger Steinberge (partly), Berchtesgadener Alpen (partly), Chiemgau Alps (partly), Salzburg Slate Alps (partly), Tennengebirge (whole), Dachstein Mountains (partly), Salzkammergut Mountains (partially).
The following subgroups of the Northern Eastern Alps are located in Upper Austria : Dachstein Mountains (partially), Totes Gebirge (partially), Ennstal Alps (partially), Salzkammergut Mountains (partially), Upper Austrian Pre-Alps (partially), Ybbstal Alps (partially).
In the Steiermark contains the following sub-groups of the Northern Ostalpen: Salzburg Schieferalpen (partial), Dachsteingebirge (partial), Dead Mountains (partial), Ennstaler Alps (partial), high Schwab group (whole), mürzsteg alps (partial), Rax Schneeberg Group (partially), Ybbstal Alps (partially), Türnitz Alps (partially).
The following sub-groups of the Northern Eastern Alps are located in Lower Austria : Upper Austrian Pre-Alps (partially), Rax-Schneeberg Group (partially), Ybbstal Alps (partially), Mürzsteger Alps (partially), Türnitz Alps (partially), Gutenstein Alps (fully), Wienerwald (whole).
The federal state of Vienna only has a share in the Vienna Woods and shares this subgroup with Lower Austria.
The following subgroups of the Northern Eastern Alps are located in Bavaria : Allgäu Alps (partially), Wetterstein Mountains (partially), Karwendel (partially), Ammergau Alps (partially), Bavarian Prealps (partially), Berchtesgaden Alps (partially), Chiemgau Alps (partially)
Mountain groups according to the AVE
A definition of the Northern Eastern Alps and their subdivision into individual mountain groups is based on the Alpine Association of the Eastern Alps (AVE).
According to this, the Northern Eastern Alps are divided into the following subgroups (the order and numbering of the subgroups runs from west to east):
Sections according to SOIUSA
The international standardized orographic division of the Alps (SOIUSA) divides the Northern Eastern Alps into seven sections:
| number | Surname |
|---|---|
| 21st | North Tyrolean Limestone Alps |
| 22nd | The Bavarian Alps |
| 23 | Tyrolean Slate Alps |
| 24 | Salzburg Northern Alps |
| 25th | Upper Austrian Salzkammergut Alps |
| 26th | Styrian Northern Alps |
| 27 | Lower Austrian Northern Alps |
According to SOIUSA, the Tyrolean Slate Alps are counted as part of the Northern Eastern Alps, while AVE makes them part of the Central Eastern Alps.
summit
The highest peak in the Northern Eastern Alps is the Parseierspitze , 3,036 m above sea level. A. , in the Lechtal Alps.
The most prominent peaks of the Northern Eastern Alps
Despite their significantly lower maximum heights compared to the central Eastern Alps, Southern Alps and Western Alps, there are many particularly prominent mountains with significant notch heights under the peaks of the Northern Limestone Alps , including nine so-called Ultra Prominent Peaks with a notch height of at least 1500 meters. The Hochkönig is the sixth most prominent mountain in the Alps and the most prominent outside of the Central Alps.
The following list shows the 20 most prominent mountains in the Northern Eastern Alps. The highest peak in the Northern Eastern Alps, the Parseierspitze, only ranks 19th in this list.
geology
The Northern Limestone Alps make up a large part of the Northern Eastern Alps. In front of these are the flysch zone , the Helvetic system and the subalpine molasses .
The Limestone Alps are mighty sediments of the Tethys from the Permian , mainly Triassic , and Jurassic , they already belong to the African plate from the history of their formation . The Helvetic rocks belong to the old European continental margin of the Cretaceous and the Paleogene (Old Tertiary), lie predominantly north of the flysch zone and occur mainly in the western Alps, but also extend into Vorarlberg and into the Allgäu, and occasionally as far as Vienna . The flysch zone emerged from the deposits of a deep-sea channel that formed when the Alps moved northwards at the same time as the Gosau sediments (within the limestone Alps) and the Helvetic Mountains. The Limestone Alps were pushed over the flysch and the Helvetic from Kristallingrund sheared off and shipped all the way north. The subalpine molasse consists of sediments that were poured into the former foreland when the Alps unfolded during the Paleogene and the Lower Neogene and were later included and consolidated in the formation of the Alps. It also extends from Switzerland via Vorarlberg into the Allgäu and only occasionally eastwards to Lower Austria.
Protected areas
National parks
There are three national parks in the Northern Eastern Alps.
The Berchtesgaden National Park is located south of the town of the same name in Germany in the Free State of Bavaria in the Berchtesgaden Alps. It was founded in 1978 and covers an area of 20,808 hectares.
The Kalkalpen National Park is located south of Steyr in Austria in the state of Upper Austria in the Upper Austrian Pre-Alps. It was founded in 1997 and covers an area of 23,221 hectares.
The Gesäuse National Park is located near Admont in Austria in the state of Styria in the Ennstal Alps. It was founded in 2002 and covers an area of 11,052 ha.
Biosphere reserves
There are currently three biosphere reserves in the Northern Eastern Alps.
The Großes Walsertal biosphere reserve comprises the valley of the same name with the surrounding mountains in Austria in the state of Vorarlberg in parts of the Bregenzerwald Mountains and the Lechquellen Mountains. The total area is 19,200 ha. Of this, 4,010 ha are in the core zones, 12,366 ha in the buffer zones and 2,824 ha in the development zone.
The Berchtesgaden Alps Biosphere Reserve comprises larger parts of the Berchtesgaden Alps in Germany in the Free State of Bavaria. The total area is 46,742 hectares. Of this, 16,982 hectares are in the core zone (Berchtesgaden National Park), 3,835 hectares in the buffer zone and 25,925 hectares in the development zone.
The Vienna Woods Biosphere Reserve has covered large parts of the Vienna Woods west of Vienna since 2005 .
tourism
Long-distance / long-distance hiking trails
The Via Alpina , a cross-border long-distance hiking trail with five partial trails through the entire Alps, also runs through the Northern Eastern Alps
- The Red Trail of Via Alpina reaches the Northern Eastern Alps near Schwaz in the Inn Valley. It runs through the Karwendel , the Wetterstein , the Mieminger chain , the Lechtal Alps , the Allgäu Alps , the Lechquellen Mountains and the Bregenzerwald Mountains to Feldkirch, where it leaves the Northern Eastern Alps.
- The Yellow Path of Via Alpina reaches the Northern Eastern Alps near Zams am Inn. It runs through the Lechtal Alps and the Allgäu Alps , where it ends in Oberstdorf.
- The Violette Path of the Via Alpina reaches the Northern Eastern Alps near Trieben. It runs through the Ennstal Alps , the Dead Mountains , the Salzkammergut Mountains , the Dachstein Mountains , the Tennengebirge , the Berchtesgaden Alps , the Bavarian Alps , the Bavarian Alps , the Ammergau Alps and the Allgäu Alps , where it ends in Oberstdorf.
The European long-distance hiking trail E5 (Atlantic - Lake Constance - Alps - Adriatic) reaches the Northern Eastern Alps near Bregenz. It leads through the Allgäu Alps and the Lechtal Alps to Zams im Inntal, where it crosses into the Central Alps.
Mountain railways
Rack railways
There are five rack railways in the Northern Eastern Alps.
- The Bayerische Zugspitzbahn is located in Bavaria in the Wetterstein Mountains .
- The Wendelsteinbahn is located in Bavaria in the Bavarian Prealps .
- The Achenseebahn is located in Tyrol on the edge of the Rofan Mountains .
- The Schafbergbahn is located in the state of Salzburg in the Salzkammergut Mountains .
- The Schneebergbahn takes you to the highest mountain in Lower Austria , the Schneeberg .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eberhard Jurgalski u. a .: The most prominent peaks in the Alps. ( xls ; 613 kB) peaklist.org, December 8, 2008, archived from the original on July 17, 2012 ; accessed on October 12, 2011 .
- ↑ See also list of the most prominent mountains in the Alps