Fernpass

Fernpass
Pass summit, view to the east
Compass direction	North	south
Pass height	1216  m above sea level A.
district	Reutte , Tyrol	Imst
Watershed	Loisach	Briglbach , Gurglbach
Valley locations	Biberwier	Nassereith
expansion	Fernpassstrasse
Mountains	Lechtal Alps , Mieming Mountains
map
Coordinates	47 ° 21 '45 "  N , 10 ° 49' 52"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 21 '45 "  N , 10 ° 49' 52"  E

The Fernpass is a 1216  m above sea level. A. located high mountain pass in the Tyrolean Alps ( Austria ). On the west side of the top of the pass lies the hamlet Fernpaß , also just Fern , part of the Nassereith community , and in the east the Fernpaß part of the Biberwier community .

location

View from Grubigstein to the Fernpass

The Fernpass lies between the Lechtal Alps in the west and the Mieminger Mountains in the east; 13.5 km northeast is the Zugspitze (2,962 m) in the Wetterstein Mountains . The top of the pass, which is only a little southwest of Ehrwald , lies between the Grubigstein (2,233 m) in the north-northwest, the Wannig (2,493 m) in the southeast and the Loreakopf (2,471 m) in the west.

The busy Fernpass road ( B179 ) runs over the Fernpass and connects Reutte through the Lermoostunnel with Nassereith and Tarrenz or Imst . On the adjoining these Ehrwalder Straße ( B187 ) and Mieminger Straße ( B189 ) also are Garmisch-Partenkirchen ( Germany ), Mieming and Telfs interconnected. By the Fernpass thus are matte with Inn Valley and Loisach - with Gurgltal connected. This is why it is one of the most traveled Alpine passes in the Eastern Alps . The maximum gradient is 8%, the height difference to be overcome from Reutte to the top of the pass is 359 m, down to Telfs this is 579 m.

Fern (pass) ( hamlet )
Basic data
Pole. District , state	Imst  (IM), Tyrol
Pole. local community	Nassereith
Locality	Nassereith
Coordinates	47 ° 21 ′ 47 "  N , 10 ° 49 ′ 33"  E
height	1200  m above sea level A.
Post Code	6465
Statistical identification
Counting district / district	Nassereith area (16438 001)
Gas station and inn near the top of the pass
Place name deviating information Source: STAT : Place directory ; BEV : GEONAM ; TIRIS

Fernpaß ( Scattered Houses )
Basic data
Pole. District , state	Reutte  (RE), Tyrol
Pole. local community	Biberwier
Locality	Biberwier
Coordinates	47 ° 21 ′ 50 "  N , 10 ° 50 ′ 19"  E
height	1216  m above sea level A.
Post Code	6633
Statistical identification
Counting district / district	Biberwier (16901 000)
Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; TIRIS

history

The pass was created about 4,100 years ago by a massive landslide that filled the valleys between the mountains. The course of the Loisach , which originally flowed south through the Gurgltal to the Inn , was blocked and diverted to the north. The landslide landscape north of the Fernpass is characterized by a number of lakes ( Blind , Fernstein , Mitter and Weißensee ), the largest of which is the Blindsee . Both north and south of the pass covered a number Tomahügel , which are interpreted as solidified debris waves of the landslide.

Even the pre-Roman amber trade is said to have been conducted over the Fern Pass, which was also met by the first pre-Roman road construction. Along the access routes to the Fernpass there are also numerous archaeological finds that prove the importance of the Fernpass for trade between the Baltic Sea and Northern Italy , and even Greece .

The Fernpass is the second alpine pass on the old Reschen route, which was expanded by the Romans . The Romans built the first road in the years 46/47 on the Reschen route, which has been used since ancient times, which existed until the Middle Ages . It was once called Via Claudia Augusta after its builder, Emperor Claudius , and later also Obere Straße, in contrast to Untere Straße, the Via Raetia over the Seefelder Sattel and Brenner . It was an important German-Italian Alpine link, as it was relatively safe from the rigors of winter and floods, and the stretches were hardly too steep and dangerous. The name of the mountain (fun) it was "mons Vern" in the Middle Ages, as is evident from a document drawn by Konradin in 1263. “Vern” is probably derived from the mhd. “Vern”, the basic expression of various types of locomotion. The name meant something like “Fuhrberg”, since people have been crossing there since ancient times. The claim, however, that the name was derived from a corruption of the Latin name "Mons Fericius" is doubtful.

In the travel report of Felix Faber , who is the only one to name this name and who visited the pass at the end of the 15th century, it is reported that it was not only used by heavy mule traffic , but also by wagons. During the heyday of the Augsburg Fugger , it was an important and, in contrast to the Arlberg , weather-safe crossing of the Alps . Nevertheless, around 1430, with a good 700 freight wagons per year, only 10 percent of the long-distance trade between Augsburg and Venice was handled via the "Obere Straße". With the ten-year protection alliance concluded in 1485 between the dukes Siegmund the rich in coins and Eberhard V. von Württemberg-Stuttgart , the latter undertook to provide military support to the Habsburgs in the areas in front of the Arlberg and the Fernpass ("enhalb der perg Arls and Verens") in the event of war. Probably out of financial dependence on Georg Gossembrot , the lord of the castle of Ehrenberg near Reutte , Siegmund der Münzreich issued an instruction in 1488 to transport goods to Augsburg via Telfs and the Fernpass and no longer via the Zirler Berg and Scharnitz .

Expansion plans

→ Main article : Fernpass tunnel

In 2016, the plans for a 1,360-meter-long peak tunnel were finalized . The construction costs for the projected Fernpass tunnel have been estimated at 100 million euros.

Fernpass for hikers and cyclists

For hikers and cyclists there is a graveled Fernpass crossing that is located away from the busy Fernpass road. This transition follows the old paths of the Via Claudia Augusta and is used by many cyclists on a Transalp route to get from Biberwier to the Gurgltal.

Web links

Commons : Fernpass  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Entry on Fernpass in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
• Fernpass Strategy 2016 of the Tyrolean Provincial Government (PDF)
• Pictures Via Claudia Augusta

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Fern according to GEONAM Austria 2010, Fernpass according to Statistics Austria: Local directory 2001, Tyrol and ÖK 50
2. ↑ Fernpass rockslide on geol-info.at, accessed on November 15, 2014.
3. ↑ Determination of the age of the Fernpass landslide
4. ^ Otto Ampferer : The landslides at the entrance to the Ötztal and on the Fernpass. In: Negotiations of the Kaiserlich-Königliche Geologische Reichsanstalt. No. 3, 1904, pp. 73-84 ( PDF; 1.5 MB ).
5. ↑ Gerhard Abele: The rockslide on the Fernpaß , in: Yearbook of the Austrian Alpine Club , Innsbruck 1964 (Alpine Club magazine Volume 89).
6. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/quellenunderrte04wissgoog#page/n215/mode/2up See also the article “About names and history of the Brenner Pass” ( MIÖG 32 [1911], p. 607): “… and the crown of all the Bavarian-Tyrolean mountain crossings, the Fernpass, was already called 'mons Vern' in 1263, as is evident from the legacy of the unfortunate Conradin to his uncle, Duke Ludwig II of Oberbaiern ”.
7. ^ Martin Kluger : The Fugger in Augsburg. Merchants, coal and steel entrepreneurs, bankers and donors. Context-Verlag, Augsburg 2013. ISBN 978-3-939645-63-4 , p. 13 ( reading sample (PDF, 1 MB)).
8. ^ Hannes Obermair : Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 2 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2008, ISBN 978-88-901870-1-8 , p. 185-186, No. 1218 .
9. ^ Thomas Kühtreiber : Street and Castle. Notes on a complex relationship. In: Kornelia Holzner-Tobisch, Thomas Kühtreiber, Gertrud Blaschitz (eds.): The complexity of the street. Continuity and change in the Middle Ages and early modern times (= Austrian Academy of Sciences. Philosophical-Historical Class. Session Reports. Volume 826 = Publications of the Institute for Reality Studies of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. No. 22). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2012. ISBN 978-3-7001-6998-7 , pp. 263–301, here p. 286 ( digitized version ) .