hamlet
A hamlet is a housing estate that consists of a few buildings. A hamlet is smaller than a village , but more compact than a group and larger than a single settlement .
etymology
Word meaning
Weiler is the name of a settlement consisting of a few buildings. The word is present in Middle High German in the form wīler and is the Germanized form of the Middle Latin word villare ("homestead"), which goes back to the adjective villaris ("belonging to the estate, country estate-"), which in turn comes from the noun villa ("country house of a noble, estate, manor ") is derived. The name hamlet for small settlements goes back to the fact that the accommodation for the staff built next to the noble country houses were also included in the villa and the word ultimately named the entire building ensemble.
Origin of the word
The forms -weiler and -wil, which are common in the south and west of the German-speaking area, as basic words for place names, are already present in Old High German as wīlāri and wīlar and also go back to the Latin villaris and villa . This designation arose from the fact that Roman country estates ( villae ) were still referred to by the later Germanic owners with the Latin word and the word was thus Germanized in post-Roman or Old High German times (approx. 750-1050).
Related terms
- In the Baden region, the word Zinken stands for a small collection of courtyards. A typical tine is, for example, the Gaisbach district of Baden-Baden .
- The corresponding Westphalian word is drubbel . Drubbel are mainly in areas with scattered settlements , including farmers .
- In the Bergisches Land a hamlet is called a Hofschaft . These were originally settlements for workers who worked in the remote, water-powered hammer or grinding mills or mills and could not walk the arduous journey from town to work and back every day.
The hamlet as a form of settlement
In contrast to a village, a hamlet usually has no closed development and no building with a central function such as a church or an inn. This type of settlement can be found particularly in western and southern Germany, in Switzerland and in Austria.
However, if - with the same type of settlement - the church forms the center of the settlement, one speaks of a church hamlet , in the case of a castle of a castle hamlet .
In human geographic map interpretation, up to 15 recognizable buildings are referred to as a hamlet. If aerial photographs are interpreted, stables, sheds and annexes should be disregarded when counting.
In Austria, differentiating from Weiler (three to nine buildings in close proximity) and Rotte (buildings in a loose arrangement regardless of the number), there is the topographical designation Scattered Houses : “Buildings that are scattered over a large area, regardless of the number ". Closed places with more than nine buildings are here as a village . In the case of only one or two buildings without settlement context, i.e. in the case of individual settlements, one speaks of solitude , single courtyard , single house , single layer , where the term single layer , in Bavarian as well as Austrian, means desolation, loneliness .
As a rule, there are no street names in hamlets because of their small size. In these cases, the place name - then as a district - or the house name takes the place of the street name. The house numbers should still correspond to the spatial arrangement of the building, but can also run without any recognizable order. Sometimes there is also a common house numbering for several such smaller places, possibly also over the whole municipality area or larger parts of it. It can also be the case that the streets in a municipality are named, but the house numbering in such smaller places is based on this street name.
Legal
Germany
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Regulation of the StVO
As far as settlements do not represent closed localities within the meaning of the Road Traffic Regulations (StVO), such places cannot be marked with a place-name sign on German roads and therefore have no speed limit. In order to still specify the place name, one can place information board can be used. The illustration of the single-line version in the catalog of traffic signs of the StVO is labeled with Weiler and the sign is usually and unofficially referred to as a hamlet sign .
Special regulation in Bavaria
In Bavaria , according to the resolution of the Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior of October 18, 1950, any settlement with three to nine residential buildings is considered a hamlet. A larger settlement is called a village, a settlement with one or two residential buildings is called a wasteland .
Austria
In Austria, the term Weiler (short: W) is a topographical settlement designation by Statistics Austria for “3 to 9 buildings in closer proximity”, typically with a structure that has evolved over time. Larger collections are then a group (R) or already a village (D).
United States
In the states of New York and Oregon , the name Hamlet exists for small settlements that do not form a community of their own . Hamlets can either be part of a larger community (New York), or they can be administered directly by the respective county (Oregon).
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Duden dictionary of origin: Etymology of the German language. 2nd Edition. Dudenverlag, Mannheim 1989
- ↑ a b Kluge. Etymological dictionary of the German language. Edit v. Elmar Seebold, 24th edition. De Gruyter, Berlin 2002.
- ↑ a b Etymological dictionary of German. Developed under the direction of Wolfgang Pfeifer, 7th edition. dtv, Munich 2004.
- ↑ Kirchweiler as a type of settlement ( Memento from December 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 220 kB)
- ^ Gerhard Henkel : The structural change of rural settlements in the Federal Republic of Germany. 3. Edition. Schöningh, Paderborn 1982, ISBN 3-506-23507-9 , p. 2.
- ↑ a b Austrian official calendar online . Jusline Österreich GmbH, Vienna 2002–, passim, ZDB -ID 2126440-5 , OBV .
- ↑ Werner Scholze-Stubenrecht (Red.): The Duden in twelve volumes . Volume 1: Duden - The German spelling. CD-ROM edition. 25th, completely revised and expanded edition. Dudenverlag, Mannheim / Vienna (among others) 2010, ISBN 978-3-411-70425-5 .
- ↑ No. I B1 - 68a 1
- ↑ Smaller collections of houses in new development areas, however, are typically classified as a group of houses (Hgr).