Single settlement

Cottage in Dorset , southern England

Single settlement , single location , also single yard, single house, deserted courtyard, deserted area - in Bavaria , Baden-Württemberg and Austria also deserted or single layer - are called single standing buildings as living space or courtyard .

etymology

The term Einöde ( Old High German einōti , lying alone) denotes the smallest type of settlement in Upper German (cf. Einödflur ), such as “dörfer, hamlet and ainöden” in the Augsburg Chronicles in the 15th century or “stetten, märckten, flecken, ainöden” in of the Tyrolean Landsordnung 1573.

The -ed (t) / - öd (t) names in the Bavarian region do not refer to remote farms, which were given a “beautiful” name as the main settlement area, but to abandoned (deserted) and resumed settlement areas.

On the type of settlement

Single farm in Nesslau , Eastern Switzerland

Individual settlements are typically isolated farms ( homesteads ), mills , inns and the like that are not or hardly integrated into a closed village . They can consist of a single, multifunctional building (one courtyard), two buildings, mostly residential and economic buildings (two or two courtyards), or several buildings (group courtyard) (see also farmhouse ). The main buildings with residential function are at least 100 meters apart in the single courtyard settlement, otherwise it is a group settlement.

Individual settlements can arise through spontaneous, individual settlement or through planned colonization. Individual settlements emerged in each settlement period. They could arise primarily as founding settlements or secondary through the dissolution of villages (desertification).

The same rows in Austria terms wilderness , farmstead , detached , single layer called "one or two neighboring buildings, but not Guts - or Meier farms ".

Several individual layers of a similar type in relative proximity form a scattered settlement . It consists of individual farms, where the specialized farm buildings are more or less evenly distributed over the whole agricultural land; this creates a relatively dense settlement pattern of individual buildings.

literature

Martin Born: The genesis of settlement forms in Central Europe . In: Geography of Rural Settlements . Volume 1 (= Christoph Borcherdt, Carl Rathjens, Eugen Wirth [Hrsg.]: Geography study books ). 1st edition. B. G. Teubner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-519-03409-3 .
Gabriele Schwarz : General settlement geography. Part 1. The rural settlements. The settlements standing between the countryside and the city . In: Allgemeine Siedlungsgeographie (= Josef Schmithüsen [Hrsg.]: Textbook of General Geography . Volume 6). 2 volumes, 4th edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-11-007895-3 .
Hermann Hinz , Helmut Jäger : single farm. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 7, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1989, ISBN 3-11-011445-3 , pp. 47-51.
Mathias Faul: Studies on Roman individual settlements in Rheinhessen . Revised and abridged dissertation at the University of Mainz 2011 (= university research on prehistoric archeology . Volume 233). Habelt, Bonn 2013, ISBN 978-3-7749-3854-0 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Einödhof - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

^ Friedrich Kluge: Etymological dictionary of the German language. 23rd edition. Berlin / New York 1999, p. 212.

↑ Augsburg . In: The chronicles of the German cities from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century . at the instigation and with the support of His Majesty the King of Bavaria, Maximilian II. ed. by the Historical Commission at the Königl. Academy of Sciences. LII (V). Hirzel, Leipzig 1866, p. 148 . Quoted from wasteland. I detached courtyard . In: Prussian Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 2 , issue 9 (edited by Eberhard von Künßberg ). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar, Sp. 1436 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de - publication date between 1933 and 1935).

↑ New Reformed country order of the Princely Graff stem Tirol . [Giving in… Jnnsprugg, on the fourteenth day of the month of Decembris… fifteen hundred, and in the Sibyl of Three Jar; Hannsen Ernstinger… at his own expense and publishing house…; in the fifteen hundred, ninety-fourist Jar]. CXLVII [ie 148], [27], XXIX Bl. Ernstinger, Innsbruck? 1574, p. VII 3, 2 .

↑ ^a ^b ^c Hans-Rudolf Egli: Einzelhofsiedlung. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
These sections are largely based on the entry in the Historical Lexicon of Switzerland (HLS), which, according to the HLS's usage information, is under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - Distribution under the same conditions 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0).

↑ Austrian official calendar online . Verl. Austria, Vienna 2000–, passim - Permalink Austrian Library Association ; compare topographical settlement identification according to STAT ; In the official place directory of Statistics Austria, one or two houses are classified as individual locations even if they belong to a larger settlement, but politically or statistically to a different political municipality or locality .

[1] Friedrich Kluge: Etymological dictionary of the German language. 23rd edition. Berlin / New York 1999, p. 212.

[DRW_1-2] Augsburg . In: The chronicles of the German cities from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century . at the instigation and with the support of His Majesty the King of Bavaria, Maximilian II. ed. by the Historical Commission at the Königl. Academy of Sciences. LII (V). Hirzel, Leipzig 1866, p. 148 . Quoted from wasteland. I detached courtyard . In: Prussian Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 2 , issue 9 (edited by Eberhard von Künßberg ). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar, Sp. 1436 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de - publication date between 1933 and 1935).

[DRW_2-3] New Reformed country order of the Princely Graff stem Tirol . [Giving in… Jnnsprugg, on the fourteenth day of the month of Decembris… fifteen hundred, and in the Sibyl of Three Jar; Hannsen Ernstinger… at his own expense and publishing house…; in the fifteen hundred, ninety-fourist Jar]. CXLVII [ie 148], [27], XXIX Bl. Ernstinger, Innsbruck? 1574, p. VII 3, 2 .