Land book of Charles IV.

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Country book in the hands of Charles IV. , Monument in Burg Tangermünde , this was built by the Emperor for the second residence of

The Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg or Landbuch Kaiser Karls IV. From 1375 is one of the most important statistical records of the Middle Ages . Its data are used to research various aspects, including the church, burdens, localities, administrative structures, the economy, social and state structures.

The Urbar provides a closer look at hundreds of settlements , mentions many of them for the first time in documents , thus marking the reference point for their anniversaries . It designs in conjunction with other sources of a diverse panorama of the late middle ages handy Mark Brandenburg . In addition, the official book shaped the picture of the history of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire .

Background and origin

Banquet with Charles IV. , Charles V , King of France and Wenzel , the actual Margrave of Brandenburg , Illumination of Jean Fouquet , 15th century.

In 1371 war broke out between Charles IV , Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1355–1378) and Otto V , Margrave of Brandenburg (1364 / 1365–1373). On the one hand, Karl was interested in voting on the course , on the other hand he strove to expand his area of power to the north, to connect it as far as possible with the sea. On August 15, 1373, the victorious Luxembourger and the defeated Wittelsbacher signed the Treaty of Fürstenwalde . The king of four received the Margraviate of Brandenburg from his son-in-law . In order not to endanger public opinion in the empire, money ultimately played the decisive role in the transition of rule .

In contrast to his predecessor, Charles IV showed a keen interest in northern Germany . First, the usual homage and the confirmation of rights followed. Then a representation of the newly acquired imperial territory was required . As such, the state description of the Mark Brandenburg was written in autumn 1373 . Presumably at the same time as her, he commissioned the Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg . It drew on models from neighboring countries of the Bohemian crown . The Luxembourger's orders resulted in a. the multi-part Landbuch von Schlesien for some duchies in Silesia or the Bohemian Salbüchlein for New Bohemia . After decades of weakness at the end of the Ascanian and especially during the Wittelsbach period, the local work was intended to promote an orderly state administration. The Urbar was probably intended for their only rudimentary headquarters, not for practical use on site . From its main purpose, an overview of the rights remaining to the sovereign or margrave, a list of the entire situation of the march grew.

The main part 1 overview of the general income was largely taken from the existing documents of the chamber administration. The work did not come to a proper conclusion. In the main part 2, overview of the villages, the village directory was also based on older files. Some of the settlements listed there no longer existed in 1375. The most important section, the village register, was based mainly on local inquiries. The land book itself contained the underlying questionnaire. The data was recorded by margrave scribes . The land riders and bailiffs stood by their side. First there was an admonition to tell the truth and a threat that hidden goods would go to the emperor. Then the answers were noted. Besides the landlord , pastor and mayor, the other villagers probably gave information. In Glasow im Teltow , the landlord Heine Karre and the full farmers said different things about the Hufenzins. In a few cases the landlords prevented data collection. A corresponding note was found z. B. via Wentz von Holtzendorf in Birkenwerder . Perhaps such occurrences were the cause of further gaps in the register. In addition to the oral recording, records of individual manors were used, for example in the rule of Bartensleben (later Stendalischer Kreis ), in the cathedral and monasteries of Brandenburg or in the monastery and collegiate villages. The similarity of these texts suggested this.

As early as 1336, an inventory was made under Ludwig I , Margrave of Brandenburg (1323-1351). Copies of the Neumark land register have been preserved. Nevertheless, the Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg is the first comprehensive statistical record of the state. Most of the work was completed in 1375, so historians were usually dated to this year. Further information was collected up to 1376. Individual notes in the factory showed that Karl personally participated in the creation. Various interpretations were offered for his intentions connected with the official register . Johannes Schultze spoke of the regaining of rights and goods alienated from the sovereign. Hans K. Schulze emphasized the intention to present Brandenburg as a unified area of ​​rule under the sole sovereignty of the margrave. For Gerd Heinrich the princely financial control was in the foreground, more income should be generated on site. Ernst Schubert assumed that the emperor was planning to sell the mark and therefore assessed its value. It is not unthinkable that a ruler with the vision of Charles IV had all these goals in mind.

Manuscripts

Several manuscripts exist from the Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg . They differed from one another, emerged at different times, represented written sources of equal rank . Therefore, the majority actually applied - the land books. Johannes Schultze reconstructed its origins:

The original X comprised the main sections 2 to 14.4 and was probably not written down before 1376. The copy A copied from this omitted parts, added current changes and notes. After completion, another scribe revised the work with marginal markings. Both work steps probably ended in the summer of 1377. Soon afterwards, but not before 1378, the manuscript Y was made from X and the data now available for the village registers of the Altmark and Uckerland . This first complete version with all the main and secondary parts was constantly updated and was heavily used by the administration, according to the historian and archivist's assumption .

About ten years later, copy B was created using Y. Eight different scribes took on the task. Apparently there was time pressure, perhaps on the occasion of the pledge of the mark to Jobst and Prokop of Moravia in 1388. The plant was not intended to be used for ongoing administrative work. Manuscript C was also created from template Y after 1420 and before the middle of the 15th century. The former may have been damaged in the meantime and had to be replaced. While X and Y were lost, A, B and C remained. None of the three had a book title . According to Ernst Fidicin , the term land book appeared in a legal dispute from 1580. The surviving manuscripts belong to the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation , which keeps them in its Secret State Archives .

  • Manuscript A: until 1776 in the Altmark border registry in Stendal , signature of the Secret State Archives I. HA Rep. 78, No. 1 a, leather binding 19th century, sheet size 30.7 cm × 21.0 cm, strong and good paper quality , various watermarks (one or two small circles with a bisecting stick, the ends of which are adorned with diagonal crosses ; shapes in the form of pears with attached staff; deer and bull heads with staff and upside down diagonal cross), 249 leaves, 24 of which are blank, leaves 1 and 2 (beginning and title page ) are missing, the front preserved ones show damage.
The manuscript was written by a single scribe throughout. His very precise writing corresponded to the period around 1375. In Selbige referred the petite, small copy of the auditor on the leaf edges of the village register. Occasionally he added small notes and additions, but mainly names of rights holders. In some cases he shortened them, e.g. B. the Margrave with M. Both lettering resembled those of the state description of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from 1373. Because of this and the watermarks, they probably created the chancellery of Charles IV. According to Johannes Schultze, the absence of the village registers Uckerland and Altmark was most easily explained by the above described genesis of the land . Since the copy came from the latter administrative unit , he also considered intensive use as the cause.
Digitized handwriting Ahttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fdfg-viewer.de%2Fshow%2F%3Fset%255Bimage%255D%3D1%26set%255Bdebug%255D%3D0%26set%255Bmets%255D%3Dhttp% % 253A 252F%%% 252Farchivdatenbank.gsta.spk-berlin.de 252Fmidosasearch-GSTA% 252FMidosaSEARCH% 252Fi_ha_rep_78_und_78_a% 252Fmets% 252FI.% 252520HA% 252520Rep.% 25,252,078% 25252C% 252520Nr. 2,525,201 252520a%%% 252Fxml_with_content.xml 252FGStA_i_ha_rep_78_und_78_a_2% 252FGStA_i_ha_rep_78_und_78_a_I_HA_Rep_78_Nr_1_a % 252FI.% 252520HA% 252520Rep.% 25252078% 25252C% 252520No.% 2525201% 252520a% 25250A% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 2520 2520% 252520% 252520 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520 ~ GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3DDigitalisat% 20handwriting% 20A ~ PUR% 3D in the archive database of the Secret State Archive Foundation of Prussian Cultural Heritage

  • Manuscript B: to 1834 in kurmärk een Lehn archive at the Supreme Court ..., Signature Secret State Archives I. HA Rep 78, No. 1, Vol 1, leather bound 19th century, sheet size 31.0 cm x 22.5 cm, two types of paper ( second only for tier G, see below), two watermarks (bell, for tier G similar to a camel's head with double humps), 275 sheets, some unwritten, only fragments of sheet 1 survived, further losses cannot be verified, first sheets very strong, otherwise strong worn.
Eight scribes copied the manuscript. They divided the work into nine layers, labeled them A to J and noted the letter on the first sheet. Writer 1 took over positions A and B, all others one. All of the lettering came from the same time, the last decades of the 14th century. The frequent skipping of repeated words showed the fleeting way of working. Although handwriting B was written later than A, it often featured the more original text. The old foliation made of Roman numerals tore off at LXXI. It continued pagination from Indian numerals in the 16th century . Another page numbering from the 17th century spoke in favor of a separate volume at that time, which extended from the main section 11 to 14.4.
Around 1835 one layer of the manuscript was bound . The secret state archivist Hoefer placed a most likely non-contemporary title (at the same time book title and title page) and a table of contents . Following the printing of the edition of 1940 each leaf received a bedding of parchment paper , resulting in two half vellum -Bände were re-bound.
Digitized manuscript Bhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fdfg-viewer.de%2Fshow%2F%3Fset%255Bimage%255D%3D1%26set%255Bdebug%255D%3D0%26set%255Bmets%255D%3Dhttp% % 253A 252F%%% 252Farchivdatenbank.gsta.spk-berlin.de 252Fmidosasearch-GSTA% 252FMidosaSEARCH% 252Fi_ha_rep_78_und_78_a% 252Fmets% 252FI.% 252520HA% 252520Rep.% 25,252,078% 25252C% 252520Nr. 2,525,201% 252520Bd% 2525201% 252Fxml_with_content.xml% 252FGStA_i_ha_rep_78_und_78_a_2 % 252FGStA_i_ha_rep_78_und_78_a_I_HA_Rep_78_Nr_1_Bd_1% 252FI.% 252520HA% 252520Rep.% 25252078% 25252C% 252520Nr.% 2525201% 25252C% 252520% 2520Bd.% 252520 2520% 252520% 2520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 2525201% 252FI % 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520 ~ GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3DDigitalisat% 20Handschrift% 20B ~ PUR% 3D in archive database of the Secret State Archive Foundation of Prussian Cultural Heritage

  • Manuscript C: old holdings of the Secret State Archives, signature Secret State Archives I. HA Rep. 78, No. 1 b, 19th century leather binding, sheet format 32.0 cm × 20.5 cm, 237 sheets, sheets 1 and 2 (beginning and Title page) missing, 8 pre-stapled, blank pages.
The manuscript came from the pen of a scribe. He put it on paper around the second quarter of the 15th century. The secondary sections 3, 1.11 and 1.12 were followed by the main sections 1–14.4, then initially the main section 15.2 Village register district Salzwedel, only now the main sections 14.5 Village register Uckerland and 15.1 Village register district Stendal. The separation of the Altmark registers came about by swapping the positions.
Digitized manuscript Chttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fdfg-viewer.de%2Fshow%2F%3Fset%255Bimage%255D%3D1%26set%255Bdebug%255D%3D0%26set%255Bmets%255D%3Dhttp% % 253A 252F%%% 252Farchivdatenbank.gsta.spk-berlin.de 252Fmidosasearch-GSTA% 252FMidosaSEARCH% 252Fi_ha_rep_78_und_78_a% 252Fmets% 252FI.% 252520HA% 252520Rep.% 25,252,078% 25252C% 252520Nr. 2525201 252520b%%% 252Fxml_with_content.xml 252FGStA_i_ha_rep_78_und_78_a_2% 252FGStA_i_ha_rep_78_und_78_a_I_HA_Rep_78_Nr_1_b % 252FI.% 252520HA% 252520Rep.% 25252078% 25252C% 252520No.% 2525201% 252520b% 25250A% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520% 252520 ~ GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3DDigitalisat% 20handwriting% 20C ~ PUR% 3D in archive database of the Secret State Archive Foundation of Prussian Cultural Heritage

The lack of the original X made research into the origins of the land books more difficult. Paleographic evidence, external features and physical structure of it could not be investigated. For the manuscripts Y and B Johannes Schultze emphasized that they must have consisted of loose sheets. The uses of the official books long after they were drawn up were attested to by deletions, additions and corrections. The side note: " Nyendorp, otherwise known on the bacon " was not given the manuscript C until the 17th century.

Editions

Johannes Schultze (Ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375

The Landbuch of Emperor Charles IV saw three editions :

“… A general catastrum , or land register of the Margraviate Brandenburg from the 14th century; a true statistic of this country, and such a complete and useful monument from the middle ages , as to my knowledge no other country in Germany, and perhaps not in all of Europe, can show from such a distant time. From it you can see and remove almost the entire state and government constitution of the Mark Brandenburg at that time, and by keeping the document collections together you could deduct a kind of constitutional law and statistics, especially the internal state constitution of the various provinces of Lower Germany in the Middle Ages. "

- Ewald Friedrich von Hertzberg (Hrsg.): Landbuch des Churfürstentums and the Mark Brandenburg .
The Minister of State, War and Cabinet published the oldest edition in 1781. It was based mainly on handwriting C . In addition to the land register, his work contained the lap registers from 1450, 1451, 1480 and 1481. The book, which was felt to be inadequate in some respects, was out of print after 50 years.
Ewald Friedrich von Hertzberg (Hrsg.): Landbuch des Churfürstentums and the Mark Brandenburg, which Kayser Carl IV. King of Bohemia and Margrave of Brandenburg had made in 1375; as well as the register of the Landschosses of some districts of Churmark from the year 1451 . Royal Hofbuchdruckerei George Jacob Decker, Berlin / Leipzig 1781, ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DRQg_AAAAcAAJ%26pg~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseiten%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).

  • Ernst Fidicin wrote the second version in 1856. For the most part he used handwriting A , adding C and B to add anything missing . The quite arbitrary procedure, multiple mix-ups of the three manuscripts and other errors represented a step backwards compared to the first edition. The Berlin city archivist also linked the land book with the above. Lap registers. The Prussian monarchy bought 200 copies as support.
Ernst Fidicin (Ed.): Kaiser Karl IV. Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg after the handwritten sources . Published by J. Guttentag, Berlin 1856 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DVAc_AAAAcAAJ~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseiten%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).

  • Johannes Schultze did the third editing. He understood the equality of the three traditions, relied on handwriting B (because it was complete and more original), and made discrepancies in A and C recognizable. In the country Description of Brandenburg of 1373 - virtually the immediate precursor of the land book - followed in small print the side parts, then the actual Urbar - the main parts.
The revision was decided after the establishment of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin. Johannes Schultze completed the transcript in 1932, wrote a compact introduction, Mr. Nolte created the list of places and people, Arthur Suhle wrote a short text about the coinage situation in Brandenburg in the 14th century. The Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg from 1375 did not appear until 1940 due to lack of funds. This exemplary philological - critical preparation made it easier for regional historians to access and use from then on. Because of the gaps in the village register and its different interpretations, it cannot replace statistics or tables.
Johannes Schultze (Hrsg.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg of 1375 (= Brandenburg land books . Volume 2; Publications of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin . Volume VIII, 2). Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fdigital.ub.uni-potsdam.de%2Fcontent%2Ftitleinfo%2F214409~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D in Potsdam University Library ).

In keeping with the zeitgeist, the two older editions omitted the rights to which the Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard was entitled in the Uckerland village register .

Translation: The Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg from 1375/76. 1. - general - part based on the edition by Johannes Schultze (1940) in Latin and German ed. by Lutz Partenheimer and André Stellmacher. Potsdam 2020 ( ISBN 978-3-88372-203-0 (paperback), ISBN 978-3-88372-223-8 (hardcover))

literature

  • Carl Brinkmann : The emergence of the Märkisches Landbuch Kaiser Karls IV. In: Research on Brandenburg and Prussian history 21.2 (= Otto Hintze in connection with G. Schmoller [Hrsg.]: Research on Brandenburg and Prussian history . New series of "Märkische Forschungen" of the Association for the History of the Mark Brandenburg, Volume 21, 2nd half). Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908, pp. 37–97 ( full text in Internet Archive [PDF; 20.7 MB; accessed on June 29, 2016]).
  • Eckhard Müller-Mertens : Hoof farmers and rulership in Brandenburg villages according to Charles IV's land book of 1375 . Dissertation Humboldt University Berlin November 14, 1951. In: Walter Friedrich (Hrsg.): Scientific journal of the Humboldt University Berlin. Social and Linguistic Series . Year 1; Issue 1. Berlin 1951/52, pp. 35–79.
  • Helmut Assing : How credible is Emperor Charles IV's land register? In: Evamaria Engel on behalf of the Central Institute for History at the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (ed.): Karl IV. Politics and Ideology in the 14th century . Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1982, pp. 357–372.
  • Felix Escher : Brandenburg castles and their accessories - thoughts on the list of castles in the land book of 1375 . In: Felix Biermann , Ulrich Müller , Thomas Terberger (eds.): Observing things ... Archaeological and historical research on the early history of Central and Northern Europe. Festschrift for Günter Mangelsdorf for his 60th birthday (= Felix Biermann, Thomas Terberger and Historical Commission for Pomerania [Hrsg.]: Archeology and History in the Baltic Sea Region . Volume 2). Publishing house Marie Leidorf, Rahden in Westphalia, 2008, ISBN 978-3-89646-462-0 , pp. 225-230.
  • Sascha Bütow: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg . In: Kaiser Karl IV. And Brandenburg (= Die Mark Brandenburg. Journal for the Mark and the Land Brandenburg . Issue 101). The Mark Brandenburg - Publishing House for Regional and Contemporary History, Berlin June 2016, ISBN 978-3-910134-75-1 , pp. 12-19.
  • Matthias Helle: hooves, gentlemen and possessions. The Brandenburg land book of Karl IV. In: Peter Knüvener, Jan Richter, Kurt Winkler for House of Brandenburg-Prussian History (ed.): Karl IV. - An emperor in Brandenburg . Book for the exhibition of the same name by the House of Brandenburg-Prussian History September 16, 2016 - January 22, 2017. 1st edition, Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-945256-62-6 , pp. 57–60 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Lew Hohmann: The Brandenburger . Be.Bra Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-930863-47-2 , Die Herrschaft der Luxemburger, pp. 32–33.
  2. ↑ Helmut Assing: The sovereignty of the Ascanians, Wittelsbachers and Luxembourgers (mid-12th to early 15th century) . In: Brandenburg history . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , Short-term stabilization attempts under Emperor Karl IV. (1373-1378), pp. 145–148, Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg: pp. 147–148; Tangermünde Residence: p. 148.
  3. ↑ Stefan Pätzold: Salzwedel and the Altmark in the Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg from 1375/1376 . In: Past and present of the western Altmark . Druck-Zuck, Halle an der Saale 2000, ISBN 3-928466-32-1 , [Introduction], p. 35.
  4. ^ Dietrich Kurz: The Middle Ages . In: A Thousand Years of Church in Berlin-Brandenburg . Wichern-Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-88981-045-4 , The Church in the late and late Middle Ages (14th to early 16th century). Das Niederkirchenwesen, pp. 69–73.
  5. ↑ Eckhard Müller-Mertens: Hufenbauern and rule relationships in Brandenburg villages according to the land book of Charles IV of 1375 . In: Scientific journal of the Humboldt University Berlin . Year 1; Issue 1. Berlin 1951/52, The main tasks of the hoof farmers; Zins, Pacht und Bede, pp. 47–57.
  6. ^ Peter P. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for the Altmark. Volume 2: L-Z . Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-8305-3743-4 , sources and literature. (Archival) sources on the individual points. To 7: 1375, p. 2599.
  7. ^ Herbert Helbig: Society and economy of the Mark Brandenburg in the Middle Ages . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1973, ISBN 3-11-003795-5 , Die Wirtschaft, pp. 69–153.
  8. ↑ Rosemarie Baudisch: Geographical foundations and historical-political structure of Brandenburg . In: Brandenburg history . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , Landscapes, pp. 22–32, Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg: pp. 22–23, 26, 28, 30.
  9. ↑ Rosemarie Baudisch: Geographical foundations and historical-political structure of Brandenburg . In: Brandenburg history . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , boundaries and administrative structure, pp. 32–44, here pp. 34–37.
  10. ↑ Werner Lippert: History of the 110 farming villages in the northern Uckermark . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 1968, V. Conditions at the time of the land book of 1375. 13. The northern Uckerland 150 years after the German settlement, pp. 68–69.
  11. ^ Eberhard Bohm: Teltow and Barnim . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 1978, ISBN 3-412-03878-4 , C. Barnim. VI. The development on the Barnim from the 13th to the 15th century, pp. 272–291, Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg: pp. 272, 279–281, 283–284, 286, 287–288.
  12. ^ A b Felix Escher : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume V. Hierra means to Lucania . Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-59057-2 , Sp. 1642.
  13. ↑ Joachim Stephan: The Zauche in the second half of the 14th century . In: On the Elbe and the Oder . Publishing house Dr. Stephan, Einhausen 2008, ISBN 978-3-939457-06-0 , pp. 67-98.
  14. ^ Karl-Friedrich Krieger : The feudal sovereignty of the German kings in the Middle Ages (approx. 1200–1437) . Scientia Verlag, Aalen 1979, ISBN 3-511-02843-4 , third chapter. The Imperial Vassals. I. The feudal hierarchy. 2. The doctrine of the military shield in theory and legal practice of the late Middle Ages. d) The regulations on invalidity. bb) citizens. α) North and East Germany, pp. 137–147, here pp. 138–139.
  15. ^ Lew Hohmann: The Brandenburger . Be.Bra Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-930863-47-2 , Die Kurmark Brandenburg, pp. 30–31.
  16. ^ Lew Hohmann: The Brandenburger . Be.Bra Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-930863-47-2 , Die Kurmark Brandenburg, pp. 30–31.
  17. ↑ a b c Johannes Schultze: The Mark Brandenburg. 2nd volume . 4th edition, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-428-13480-9 , II. The mark under the Luxembourg house. 1. Emperor Charles IV (1373–1378), pp. 161–175, territorial goal, Wenceslaus the sovereign, regent Charles IV., First measures: p. 161; Description of the country from 1373: pp. 161–164; Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg: p. 164, 169–170; Deposit releases: pp. 165, 170–171, 172; Landbede: pp. 173–174.
  18. ^ Peter Moraw : Karl. 10. K. IV. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume V. Hierra means to Lucania . Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-59057-2 , [life data], Sp. 971.
  19. ↑ František Kavka: At the court of Karl IV. 1st edition, Edition Leipzig, Leipzig 1989, ISBN 3-361-00258-3 , The profile of the ruler, pp. 12-25, here p. 16 (Czech: Život na dvoře Karla IV. Praha, translated by Rosemarie Borán).
  20. ↑ Gerd Heinrich : Handbook of the historical places. Berlin and Brandenburg. With Neumark and Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia (= manual of the historical sites of Germany . 10th volume). 3rd, revised and supplemented edition, Alfred Kröner Verlag, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-520-31103-8 , II. Geographical Basics, pp. XVI – XIX, Northern Germany: p. XVI; late medieval desertification: S. XVII.
  21. ↑ Carl Brinkmann: The emergence of the Märkisches Landbuch Kaiser Karls IV. In: Research on Brandenburg and Prussian history 21.2 . Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908, V. The actual land register. 1. His possible role models. b) The Ubarial System of the Luxembourg Hereditary Lands, pp. 59–76.
  22. ↑ Fritz Schnelbögl (Ed.): The "Böhmische Salbüchlein" Emperor Charles IV. On the northern Upper Palatinate 1366/68 (= Board of the Collegium Carolinum (Ed.): Publications of the Collegium Carolinum . Volume 27). R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich / Vienna 1973, ISBN 3-486-47621-1 , introduction. 1. The “Böhmische Salbüchlein” ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A00044498~SZ%3D~doppelseiten%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D in Munich's digitization center [PDF; 37.2 MB; accessed on November 27, 2019]).
  23. ↑ Helmut Assing: The sovereignty of the Ascanians, Wittelsbachers and Luxembourgers (mid-12th to early 15th century) . In: Brandenburg history . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , The end of the Ascanians, the Brandenburg interregnum and the transfer of the margraviate to the Wittelsbachers (1308 to 1323/24), pp. 132-136.
  24. ↑ Helmut Assing: The sovereignty of the Ascanians, Wittelsbachers and Luxembourgers (mid-12th to early 15th century) . In: Brandenburg history . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , The efforts of the Wittelsbachers to regain the territories of the Brandenburg region and to consolidate sovereignty (1223/24 to 1343/44), pp. 136–140.
  25. ↑ Helmut Assing: The sovereignty of the Ascanians, Wittelsbachers and Luxembourgers (mid-12th to early 15th century) . In: Brandenburg history . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , The Wittelsbachers under pressure from the Luxembourgers and their eventual renunciation of the margrave dignity (1343/44 to 1373), pp. 141-145.
  26. ↑ a b c Stefan Pätzold: Salzwedel and the Altmark in the Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg from 1375/1376 . In: Past and present of the western Altmark . Druck-Zuck, Halle an der Saale 2000, ISBN 3-928466-32-1 , 3.) Origin and purpose of the Landbuch, pp. 43–45, Function of the Landbuch: p. 44; Charles IV's intentions: p. 45.
  27. ↑ Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, content and documents of the Landbuch, pp. XIII – XIX.
  28. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, Teltow. Glase, pp. 78–79, Heyne Karre dicit, quod quilibet mansus debet dare 2 solidos in censum, sed buriste dicunt, quod ex antiquis temporibus non dederunt;…: p. 78, lines 3–1 from below; Pro servicio curruum contendunt Heyne Karre et Peter Rode, civis in Berlin .: p. 79, lines 13-14 from above.
  29. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, Barnym. Districtus Berlin. Berkenwerder, p. 117, Hec villa non est scripta, quia dictus Mentz non permiset .: Z. 3 from Berkenwerder.
  30. ↑ Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, Antiqua marchia. Hii sunt redditus in villis domἱcellorum de Bertensleve. Footnote 285-3, p. 285.
  31. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, (Obule et Merice). Bona episcopi Brandenburgensis, pp. 186–197, cross-references to other village registers: p. 187.
  32. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, Antiqua marchia. Equitatura terre Soltowedel foris Portam Buchornighe. [Diesdorf Monastery], pp. 403–407.
  33. ^ Felix Escher : Landbuch der Neumark . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume V. Hierra means to Lucania . Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-59057-2 , Sp. 1642–1643.
  34. ↑ Johannes Schultze: The Mark Brandenburg. 2nd volume . 4th edition, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-428-13480-9 , I. The mark under the Wittelsbach house. 3. Ludwig I independent regent until his father's death (1333–1347), pp. 51–73, administrative measures including land landowner: pp. 56–58.
  35. ^ Ingo Materna , Wolfgang Ribbe in connection with other authors: History in data. Berlin . licensed edition, Fourier Verlag, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-932412-39-7 , chap. 1375, p. 26 (first edition: Koehler & Amelang Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Berlin 1997).
  36. ↑ Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, Introduction, pp. XI – XIII.
  37. ↑ a b c Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, The relationship between the 3 manuscripts, pp. XIX – XXIII.
  38. ^ A b Sascha Bütow: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg . In: Kaiser Karl IV. And Brandenburg (= Die Mark Brandenburg . Issue 101). Die Mark Brandenburg, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-910134-75-1 , pp. 12–19, actually several land books, later use, Neuendorf am Speck: pp. 14–15.
  39. ↑ a b c d e Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, tradition, pp. 7-10.
  40. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Mende (author), Wolfgang Gottschalk (participation): Lexicon of Berlin burial sites (= Joachim Buchwald, Ernst Goder, Gerald Nussmann, Kurt Wernicke [ed.]: Documentation on the cultural and social history of Berlin ). Pharus Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 , 06. Burial places in Steglitz / Zehlendorf. 06-01-02 Dahlem cemetery (state owned). Schultze, Johannes (May 13, 1881– October 2, 1976), p. 588.
  41. ↑ a b c Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, tradition. Manuscript C, p. 9.
  42. ↑ Ernst Fidicin: Emperor Karl's IV. Land book of the Mark Brandenburg based on the handwritten sources . Verlag von J. Guttentag, Berlin 1856, note no. 2, p. III.
  43. ^ Registers from the time of Charles IV. 1373-1378 . In: Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz (ed.): Archive database Secret State Archive of Preussischer Kulturbesitz (accessed on December 27, 2018).
  44. ↑ a b Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, tradition. Manuscript A, pp. 7–8.
  45. ↑ Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, The relationship between the 3 manuscripts. 2. A, p. XXII.
  46. ↑ a b c d Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, tradition. Manuscript B, pp. 8-9.
  47. ↑ a b Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, tradition. Manuscript B, footnote 1, p. 8.
  48. ↑ Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, The relationship between the 3 manuscripts. 4. B, p. XXIII.
  49. ↑ a b Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, The relationship between the 3 manuscripts. [Introduction], pp. XIX – XXII, advantages of handwriting B: p. XIX.
  50. ↑ Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, tradition. [Introduction], p. 7.
  51. ↑ Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, The relationship between the 3 manuscripts. 5. C, p. XXIII.
  52. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, Antiqua marchia. Hii sunt redditus in villis domἱcellorum de Bertensleve. Nyendorpp. Footnote 313-1, p. 313.
  53. ^ A b c Eckhard Müller-Mertens: Feudal structure, feudal bourgeoisie and long-distance trade in late medieval Brandenburg . Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1967, introduction. Fritz Rörig, the Landbuch Karls IV. And the Brandenburg feudal bourgeoisie, pp. 1–28.
  54. ↑ a b c d e f Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, foreword, pp. VII – IX.
  55. ^ Ewald Friedrich von Hertzberg: Landbuch des Churfürstentums and the Mark Brandenburg, which Kayser Carl IV. King of Bohemia and Margrave of Brandenburg had made in 1375; as well as the register of the Landschosses of some districts of Churmark from the year 1451 . Royal book printer George Jacob Decker, Berlin / Leipzig 1781, preface, pp. III – VIII, here p. VI.
  56. ^ Ferdinand Seibt : Karl IV. An Emperor in Europe 1316-1378 . New edition, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-596-16005-7 , 5th chapter: The king. The arduous ascent from 1346 to 1349. pp. 154–164, surveys on the dukes of Mecklenburg: p. 158.