Peter Moraw

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Peter Moraw (born August 31, 1935 in Mährisch Ostrau , Czechoslovakia ; † April 8, 2013 in Kleinlinden ) was a German historian .

Moraw taught for three decades until his retirement in 2003 as a professor of medieval history, German national history and economic and social history at the Justus Liebig University in Giessen . Through his work, he had a considerable influence on research into the German late Middle Ages in the second half of the 20th century.

Life

Peter Moraw was born the son of a teacher. During the war he had to flee his Moravian homeland and found refuge with his parents in Heidelberg . There he passed the Abitur in 1955. From 1955 to 1960 he studied history, German and Latin at the University of Heidelberg . In 1960 he passed the state examination for teaching at grammar schools. A year later he received his doctorate from Fritz Ernst with the thesis Das Stift St. Philipp zu Zell in the Palatinate. A contribution to medieval church history . From 1961 to 1971 he was a research assistant at the Institute for Franconian-Palatinate History and Regional Studies at Heidelberg University. In 1971 he completed his habilitation in Medieval and Modern History at the University of Heidelberg . The habilitation thesis König, Reich und Territorium in the late Middle Ages remained unprinted. His previously published articles on the councils and the chancellery of King Ruprecht of the Palatinate were groundbreaking.

In 1971 Moraw took on a substitute professorship in medieval history at the Technical University of Darmstadt . In 1972 he became professor for general history with special emphasis on historical auxiliary sciences at Bielefeld University . From the summer semester of 1973, Moraw taught as the successor to František Graus as a professor of medieval history and German national history, with special emphasis on economic and social history at the Justus Liebig University in Giessen . He declined appointments to Düsseldorf, Trier (1976) and Tübingen (1981). From 1979 to 1980 and again from 1997 to 1998 he was Dean of the Department of History. 1980 to 1981 and again from 1998 to 1999 he held the office of Vice Dean. In the summer semester of 2003 he retired in Gießen. Moraw's most important academic students included Paul-Joachim Heinig , Anne Christine Nagel , Rainer Christoph Schwinges and Sabine Wefers .

Research priorities

Moraw's main research interests were the constitutional history of the German late Middle Ages, the social history of the Middle Ages, the German regional history of the Middle Ages and modern times, and the university and educational history of the Middle Ages and modern times. He published nine independent publications and more than 200 essays, handbook articles and encyclopedia articles on these topics. Since 1974 he has been one of the co-editors of the then newly created Journal for Historical Research . The journal's editorial board relied on a new periodization model. The late Middle Ages were separated from traditional Medieval studies and connected with the early modern period. From 1987 Moraw was involved as co-editor and specialist advisor on the Lexicon of the Middle Ages .

Work on the late Middle Ages

In 1989, Moraw described in his overall presentation of German history from the 13th to 15th centuries in the series "Propylaea History of Germany" the development of the empire from the "open constitution" to "designed compression". He understood the open constitution as “heir to the defeat of the Hohenstaufen, by restricting the institutionalized moment to a minimum, the participation of very few people in the power play of the whole empire and the very limited scope of new challenges for the members of the empire.” The late medieval rulers of Rudolf von Habsburg Up to Henry VII. Moraw were "little kings" in European comparison, as they could change "little or nothing at all in the existing political conditions on a large scale." Moraw held the person and "strong rule" of Charles IV in high esteem . For him, Charles IV was the "greatest ruler of the German late Middle Ages". His work From Open Constitution to Structured Compression. The empire in the late Middle Ages from 1250 to 1490 is considered by experts to be one of the best depictions of this era. Moraw has shown in several essays that the late medieval kingship could not cover all landscapes of the empire equally. Moraw divided the empire as a polycentric structure into different zones by means of “king-like” and “king-distant” landscapes. In 1980 he advocated the thesis that the large edition of the Reichstag files of the 15th century (so-called "older series") "first created the Reichstag, or at least solidified it". Moraw tried to straighten out the phenomenon of the “Reichstag”.

Moraw made use of prosopography in his research in order to understand the social rules of clientele and patronage, kinship and friendship in late medieval offices and courts . In his view, royalty was to be interpreted in terms of its people and their relationships and less of its institutions. Moraw's socio-historical concept prevailed in historical studies. Moraw played a key role in ensuring that research on the farm has regained its intensity in recent decades. In a personal historical study in the courtly circle of the Roman-German kings from Rudolf von Habsburg to Friedrich III. Moraw made 230 learned lawyers. Moraw's research on the German Late Middle Ages provided a much better understanding of this long-neglected era.

University history

Moraw was considered a proven expert on university history . He was one of the best experts in the history of Charles University in Prague . His Brief History of the University of Giessen (1607–1982) , which was first published in 1982 and the second edition in 1990, is still the only comprehensive account of the university history of Giessen. For this he was awarded the Justus Liebig University Prize in 1983 for work on the history of the University of Giessen. In contrast to older research, Moraw did not focus on institutions, but on people. By taking greater account of socio-historical aspects, he gained new insights into the late medieval and early modern university. Eighteen of his works on university history, published since 1982, were made easily accessible in one volume in 2008. With Rainer Christoph Schwinges he initiated the Repertory Academicum Germanicum . Through this research project, all of the approximately 40,000 graduated scholars in the realm of the empire between 1250 and 1550 should be recorded by a complete curriculum vitae.

Honors and memberships

Moraw has received numerous scientific honors and memberships for his research. Moraw became a member of numerous influential scientific organizations. He was a member of the Hessian Historical Commission (1973), corresponding member of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg (1979), full member of the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , full member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences (1996) , Member of the Historical Commission for Silesia , corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen (1997).

Moraw was also a member since 1983 and from 1994 to 1998 chairman of the Konstanz working group for medieval history . In autumn 2001 he and Rudolf Schieffer organized the conference “German-speaking Medieval Studies in the 20th Century” to mark the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Constance working group for medieval history. From 1986 to 1994 he was an expert reviewer for the German Research Foundation (DFG). The Sudeten German Academy of Sciences and Arts appointed him a full member of the humanities class in 1980. In 1993 Moraw became a member of the Academia Europaea . In 1998 the University of Prague awarded him the Medal of Honor on the occasion of its 650th anniversary. In the same year Moraw became a member of the central management of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica . In 1999 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Eichstätt . In 2007 the Upper Hessian History Association made him an honorary member. In January 2014 the conference on the status and perspectives of the social and constitutional history of the Roman-German Empire took place in Giessen . The research influence of Peter Moraw on German Medieval Studies is held in honor of Moraw. The lectures at the conference were edited in 2016 by Christine Reinle .

Fonts

Monographs

  • Collected contributions to German and European university history. Structures - People - Developments (= Education and Society in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Vol. 31). Brill, Leiden et al. 2008, ISBN 978-90-04-16280-8 .
  • A brief history of the University of Giessen from its beginnings to the present. 2nd Edition. Ferber, Giessen 1990, ISBN 3-927835-00-5 .
  • From an open constitution to designed condensation. The empire in the late Middle Ages 1250 to 1490. Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-548-04792-0 .
  • The St. Philipp monastery in Zell in the Palatinate. A contribution to medieval church history (= Heidelberg publications on regional history and regional studies. Series of publications by the Institute for Franconian-Palatinate History and Landscapes. Volume 9). Winter, Heidelberg 1964 (at the same time: Heidelberg, University, Dissertation, 1961).

Editing of edited volumes

  • with Rudolf Schieffer : The German-speaking Medieval Studies in the 20th Century (= lectures and research. Volume 62). Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2005, ISBN 3-7995-6862-X ( digitized version ).
  • Space perception and space awareness in the later Middle Ages (= lectures and research. Volume 49). Thorbecke, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-7995-6649-X ( digitized version )
  • German royal court, court assembly and Reichstag in the later Middle Ages (= lectures and research. Volume 48). Thorbecke, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-7995-6648-1 ( digitized version )
  • Acculturation and self-assertion: Studies on the development history of the lands between Elbe / Saale and Oder in the late Middle Ages (= reports and treatises. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences. Special volume 6). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-05-003557-9 .
  • Regional identity and social groups in the German Middle Ages (= journal for historical research. Supplement. 14). Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-428-07472-6 .
  • with Hans Georg Gundel , Volker Press : Academia Gissensis: Contributions to the older Giessen university history (= publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Volume 45). 2 parts. Elwert, Marburg 1982, ISBN 3-7708-0734-0 .

Series and magazine editorships

  • Journal for Historical Research 1974 ff; Supplements 1985 ff.
  • Lexicon des Mittelater , from vol. 4, Munich / Zurich 1987 ff.
  • Propylaea history of Germany in 9 volumes 1983 ff.
  • New German History in 10 Volumes 1984 ff.

literature

Representations

  • Paul-Joachim Heinig et al. (Ed.): Empire, regions and Europe in the Middle Ages and modern times. Festschrift for Peter Moraw (= historical research. Volume 67). Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-428-10028-X .
  • Oliver Junge: Public enemy close to the king. The medieval historian Peter Moraw from Giessen turns seventy. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , August 30, 2005, No. 201, p. 36.
  • Peter Moraw. In: Jürgen Petersohn (Ed.): The Constance Working Group for Medieval History. The members and their work. A bio-bibliographical documentation (= publications of the Konstanz working group for medieval history on the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary 1951–2001. Volume 2). Thorbecke, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-7995-6906-5 , pp. 283-294 ( digitized version ).
  • Christine Reinle (Ed.): Status and perspectives of the social and constitutional history of the Roman-German Empire. The research influence of Peter Moraw on German Medieval Studies (= studies and texts on the intellectual and social history of the Middle Ages. Volume 10). Didymos-Verlag, Affalterbach 2016, ISBN 3-939020-30-3 .
  • Rainer Christoph Schwinges (Ed.): About King and Empire: Essays on the German constitutional history of the late Middle Ages. Festschrift on the occasion of the 60th birthday of Peter Moraw on August 31, 1995. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-7076-4 .
  • Who is who? The German Who's Who. XLVII. Edition 2008/2009, p. 875.
  • Moraw, Peter. In: Friedhelm Golücke : Author's lexicon for student and university history. SH-Verlag, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-89498-130-X . Pp. 232-234.

Necrologist

  • Michael Borgolte : Obituary for Peter Moraw. In: Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences. Yearbook 2013. Berlin 2014, p. 78 f. ( online )
  • Eva-Marie Felschow: Prof. Dr. Dr. hc Peter Moraw. In: Communications of the Upper Hessian History Association. Volume 98, 2013, pp. 5-6.
  • Johannes Kunisch : Obituary for Peter Moraw. In: Journal for Historical Research. Volume 40, 2013, pp. 181-182.
  • Werner Paravicini : Peter Moraw 1935–2013. In: Communications from the Residences Commission of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences. NF: City and Court. Volume 2, 2013, pp. 11-22 ( online ).
  • Christine Reinle : Obituary Peter Moraw (born August 31, 1935, † April 8, 2013). In: Blätter für deutsche Landesgeschichte Volume 149, 2013, pp. 551–554.
  • Frank Rexroth : Nekrolog Peter Moraw (1935-2013). In: Historical magazine . Volume 297, 2013, pp. 877-880.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Peter Moraw: Officials and advice of King Ruprecht. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine . Vol. 116, 1968, pp. 59-126; Peter Moraw: Law firm and law firm staff of King Ruprecht. In: Archives for Diplomatics . Vol. 15, 1969, pp. 428-531.
  2. ↑ Bernd Schneidmüller: Consensus - Territorialization - Self-interest. How to deal with late medieval history. In: Early Medieval Studies. Vol. 39, 2005, pp. 225-246, here: p. 239.
  3. ↑ Peter Moraw: From an open constitution to a structured compression. The empire in the late Middle Ages 1250 to 1490. Frankfurt am Main 1985, here summarized p. 411–421. See the reviews by Benjamin Arnold in: The English Historical Review. Vol. 103, 1988, pp. 413-414; Michaela Krissl in: Communications from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research . Vol. 96, 1988, pp. 464-466; Adolf Laufs in: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History, German Department. 104, 1987, pp. 308-311; Alexander Patschovsky in: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages . 45, 1989, pp. 688-689 ( online ); Heribert Müller in: Archives for Cultural History. Vol. 72, 1990, pp. 460-463.
  4. ↑ Peter Moraw: From an open constitution to a structured compression. The empire in the late Middle Ages 1250 to 1490. Frankfurt am Main 1985, p. 21.
  5. ↑ Peter Moraw: From an open constitution to a structured compression. The Empire in the Late Middle Ages 1250–1495. Frankfurt am Main 1985, p. 211.
  6. ^ Peter Moraw: Ruprecht von der Pfalz - a king from Heidelberg. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine. Vol. 149, 2001, pp. 97-110, here: pp. 107f.
  7. ^ Peter Moraw: Karl V. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters (LexMA). Volume 5, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1991, ISBN 3-7608-8905-0 , Sp. 971-974.
  8. ↑ See, for example, the review by Alexander Patschovsky in: German Archives for Research into the Middle Ages. 45, 1989, pp. 688-689 ( online ).
  9. ^ Peter Moraw: Franconia as a landscape close to a king in the late Middle Ages. In: sheets for German national history . Vol. 112, 1976, pp. 123-138 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ Peter Moraw: Attempt on the creation of the Reichstag. In: Hermann Weber (Hrsg.): Political orders and social forces. Wiesbaden 1980, pp. 1–36, here: p. 5.
  11. ^ Christine Reinle: Obituary Peter Moraw (* August 31, 1935, † April 8, 2013). In: Blätter für deutsche Landesgeschichte , Vol. 149, 2013, pp. 551–554, here: p. 552.
  12. ↑ Peter Moraw: Scholarly jurists in the service of the German kings of the late Middle Ages. In: Roman Schnur (ed.): The role of lawyers in the emergence of the modern state. Berlin 1986, pp. 77-147.
  13. ↑ See the review by Bernhart Jähnig in: Blätter für deutsche Landesgeschichte 128 (1992), pp. 950–951 ( online ).
  14. ^ Peter Moraw: Collected contributions to German and European university history. Structures - people - developments. Leiden et al. 2008. See the review by Rolf Lützelschwab in: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft 57 (2009), pp. 939–941.
  15. ^ Peter Moraw: Collected contributions to German and European university history. Structures - people - developments. Leiden et al. 2008, pp. 577-602.
  16. ↑ See the discussion by Hans-Werner Goetz in: Das Mittelalter 11 (2006), pp. 199–200.
  17. ↑ Honorary doctorate for historian Prof. Peter Moraw. Message. Science Information Service , June 30, 1999.
  18. ↑ Christine Reinle: Status and perspectives of the social and constitutional history of the Roman-German Empire. Peter Moraw's research influence on German Medieval Studies. Affalterbach 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Moraw, Peter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH August 31, 1935
PLACE OF BIRTH Ostrava
DATE OF DEATH April 8, 2013
Place of death Kleinlinden