Pagination
The pagination is the pagination of a written document , usually in the header or in the footer . The numbers are often placed in the middle or outside (in the case of one-sided documents, in the middle or on the right). In addition, the page number can also be supplemented by the page number (the total number of pages).
Pagination
The counting begins in the area of clockwise fonts with page 1 on a right-hand side. Page 1 is either the first page of the front cover , the first page of the introductory section or the first page of the main section. As a result, left pages have even and right pages have odd page numbers. With chapter numbering, the page numbering starts anew with each chapter.
For reasons of aesthetics , the numbers in the title and further pages such as the table of contents, the beginning of new chapters or main sections are omitted. Furthermore, this is common in fiction on the last page of the book, which is therefore usually not completely filled with text; This also applies to the pages at the end of a chapter if the text does not fill more than a third of the page (so-called pointed columns). The page number is omitted on vacant pages, i.e. blank pages.
Pagination can also be done manually for loose-leaf collections (e.g. files , laboratory books , exercise books , etc.). Manual paging is made easier by the paging stamp.
In larger works, there is sometimes a division into an introductory part with Roman and a main part with Arabic numerals. As a result of the separation, the main part begins with page 1. In the past, the sentence of the main part and the indexing of keywords could already be started while the publisher was waiting for the foreword or introduction.
In the case of multi-volume works, the numbering can be continued over several volumes, which is particularly common with magazine years. In the case of urgent or subsequently expanded printing, the page counting can start anew several times within a band.
In the case of official files, the continuous pagination is part of the file management, which cannot simply be abandoned for reasons of saving administrative effort.
Sheet numbering
The foliation (sheet numbering) of manuscripts and early prints does not count the pages, but the sheets. The number is usually given on the respective sheet at the top right.
When citing, the sheet number is mentioned and a distinction is made between front and back: A front, Latin recto , is identified with r or a appended or superscript to the sheet number # as # r or # r or # a or # a , e.g. . B. 10r or 10 r ; a back, lat. verso , is identified accordingly with # v or # v or # b or # b , e.g. B. 10v or 10 v .
The sheet numbering 1v or 1 v corresponds therefore (thought) of the page number p 2 ; however, for works with a page number only this is to be specified, for works with a page number only that, in order to enable the search for the passage.
If more than one new page is paginated, the first new page to be paginated is to be designated with yy / xx, for example, where yy represents the next free page number in the existing file and xx represents the last new page to be paginated. If a 5-page pleading is to be re-paged when the file already consists of 9 pages, then 10/14 must be noted on the 1st page of the new five-page pleading, the following 4 pages are then 11, 12, 13 and 14 to be marked.
Envelopes
The pages of an envelope are also not given a page number. Rather, in the manufacturing process of a four-page cover, the following terms are used:
- U1: outer front, first page of the envelope ( outside front cover , OFC)
- U2: inside front, second page of the envelope ( inside front cover , IFC)
- U3: inside back, third page of the envelope ( inside back cover , IBC)
- U4: outer back, fourth page of the envelope ( outside back cover , OBC)
Other ways of counting
Quadrangles are another form of continuous counting of early modern and modern registry files. Each document in the file was given its own number, the quadrangle. As a rule, this number was attached to the top left of the page. The name Quadrangel (literally "square") is based on the fact that the numbers were originally framed with a square; it remained in use even after the frame was abandoned. The quadrangulation (labeling with quadrangles) was carried out by employees in the registry.
In manuals there is occasionally a column count to make it easier to find the keyword you are looking for.
Scripts sometimes use chapter numbering with mixed section and page counting (pages A – 1, B – 1, etc.).
Print marks
Pages can also be marked with print marks . Print marks are used to control the print for color, position and quality and are usually cropped. In historical prints, they are mostly still present, mainly custodians and sheet signatures , to make it easier for the bookbinder to collate and arrange the layers . The registrum , a sheet register at the end of a print , also serves this purpose .
Pagination in search engine optimization
In search engine optimization , one speaks of pagination as soon as a news website, for example, divides a very long article into several shorter pages. Websites with an integrated online shop use pagination within a category, which contains a large number of products. In this way, the user can conveniently “scroll” through the category. With a corresponding HTML attribute in the source code , a search engine can be supported in understanding the relationship between the individual pages. On the one hand, the search engine recognizes which page is to be included and displayed in the search results - namely page 1 - and on the other hand, the individual pages do not compete with each other in the search results. This happens above all with a very similar basic structure and almost identical content, such as category pages. The HTML attributes rel = "next" and rel = "prev" are used for awards .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Judgment of the Administrative Court of Karlsruhe Az. 6 K 2797/10 of July 26, 2011 [1]
- ↑ Wolfgang J. Koschnick (Ed.): Advertising dictionary: Deutsch, English, Français. Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-014341-6 , p. 82
- ↑ Anette Baumann: Structure of a Reich Chamber Court file in: zeitenblicke 3 (2004), No. 3 (PDF), accessed at zeitenblicke.historicum.net
- ↑ Specify content with numbered pages - Search Console Help. Retrieved April 27, 2018 .