Bohemian Salbüchlein

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The Bohemian Salbüchlein (also Luxemburgisches Salbuch ) had Emperor Charles IV created in the years 1366-1368. The places in New Bohemia are recorded in it, together with their property that can be surrendered.

Emergence

Since his marriage in 1349 to Anna von der Pfalz , a noblewoman from the Wittelsbach family , Charles IV began to acquire land in the Upper Palatinate . In doing so, he strived for the area to be as closed as possible. In 1355 he annexed this newly acquired area to the Bohemian Crown . At that time there was the designation Bavaria trans silvam Boemicalem (1357) and all of our main vnd amtluten on the far side of the Behemischen forest (1363) for this area . The term New Bohemia for this area dates back to the 18th century. The area covered a large part of the northern Upper Palatinate as far as Nuremberg . Its capital and residence city was Sulzbach . In the Bohemian Salbüchlein, Charles IV had all the localities in this area recorded very thoroughly and precisely with their settlements and taxes from 1366 to 1368.

issue

The concern of the Bohemian Salbüchlein was to precisely record the economic and combat strength of the newly acquired area. The tax payments, the tax recipients, the responsible officials and offices were entered. In addition, the rights and duties of the subjects were recorded in detail. The men, soldiers, officers, baggage train, horses and armament were also listed. The occupation of the individual sovereign castles, their equipment with weapons, the noble owners were recorded. It also contained lists of goods and various escorts on the road from Nuremberg to Bohemia. The number of town houses was recorded for markets and cities.

Treated area

The area treated in the Bohemian Salbüchlein extended in the east to Tachau , in the west to Erlangen , in the north to Frankenberg and in the south to Rasch . Somewhat outside of the main area, the court of Luchsenbruck was to the north, Wilhermsdorf to the west and Trüdingen and Heideck to the south . The Golden Road ran from west to east through this elongated area in an east-west direction .

For a precise description of the treated area:

Significance for modern history

For many localities in the affected area, the Bohemian Salbüchlein is their first name. Many of them were already settled in 1366 and differed little or no from today's settlement. Many villages and desolations are mentioned that disappeared over time and of which we would no longer have any knowledge without this document. Settlement movements were also documented.

The work of Fritz Schnelbögl is of great importance, as he published the handwritten Bohemian Salbüchlein in print form along with explanations, a register and a glossary for the ancient words, names and units of measurement. Today (2019) this important work is only available as an antiquarian or as a digital copy at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek.

Description of the Salbüchlein

The Bohemian Salbüchlein consists of 153 handwritten pages. 5 pages of it are blank. The sides are 210 mm high and 151 mm wide. It was originally kept unbound. It was not until the end of the 19th or the beginning of the 20th century that it got a binding, with 4 white endpaper each at the front and back.

Sheets 1 to 4 and 11 to 14 have been lost from the original manuscript. A sheet between pages 21 and 22 and pages 140 and 142 is also missing. The existing sheet 141 was added later. Apart from that, the entire book is handwritten on uniform, watermarked paper.

History of the Salbüchlein

The Bohemian Salbüchlein was created and stored in Sulzbach between 1366 and 1368. Then it came to Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate , which in 1343 became the capital of New Bohemia. In 1400 King Ruprecht of the Palatinate conquered the city of Auerbach. The Bohemian Salbüchlein was now hidden in the Auerbach town hall. From there it was lent to the government in Amberg, which did not return it. It was then stored in the Upper Palatinate Rentkammer Amberg, drawer 17, number 62, as can be seen from a signature from the 17th century. In the course of the centralization of the Bavarian archives, it probably came to Munich in the 19th century. Until 1995, the original of the Bohemian Salbüchlein was in the main state archive in Munich . It has been in the Amberg State Archives since 1995 .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bohemian so-called Salbuechlein at asamnet.de. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g New Bohemia at weber-rudolf.de. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Fritz Schnelbögl: The "Bohemian Salbüchlein" Emperor Charles IV. 1973, ISBN 3486476211 , pp. 78, 138.
  4. ↑ a b c Karl IV. And Northeast Bavaria at heimatforschung-regensburg.de. Retrieved October 4, 2019.