Kurmark

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Brandenburg-Prussia with the central Kurmark and Prussia around 1688

The Kurmark , or Churmark in an older spelling , was the territory of the Holy Roman Empire on which the electoral dignity of the Margraves of Brandenburg was based, as the Golden Bull had established in 1356 . The term Kurmark only caught on in the 17th century.

Concept history

Until 1535 the Electorate of the Brandenburg Hohenzollern and the Mark Brandenburg were territorially congruent as an imperial fiefdom.

This only changed with the division of the country in 1535 between Joachim II , who received the Mark Brandenburg, and Margrave Johann , who received the Neumark and other peripheral areas such as Cottbus. The term Kurmark remained limited to the Mark Brandenburg during this time. Even after Mark and Neumark were reunited, the state and estate administration of both parts remained. This was the usual name for the entire Brandenburg area of Chur and Mark Brandenburg . If necessary, additions such as on this side or on the other side of the Oder were used in order to clear up any ambiguities about the geographic extent in the respective context.

The name Churmark can no longer be clearly assigned until 1640. Initially used synonymously for the term Chur and Mark Brandenburg , it was increasingly used only for the western half. In the name of Churmark , due to various territorial gains, from 1648 the Neumark was usually not included, while in the 18th century the names Chur and Neumark were used for the whole mark .

General superintendent of Kurmark

In each of the nine church provinces of the Evangelical Church in Prussia there had been one or more general superintendentes since 1829/30. For the north, north-west and west (especially the administrative district of Potsdam ) of the ecclesiastical province of Mark Brandenburg, there was a general superintendent of Kurmark with its seat in Potsdam . The designation General Superintendent of the Kurmark followed the official designation of earlier General Superintendent who held office for the entire Electorate of Brandenburg (but without Brandenburg-Schwedt or Pomerania) with their seat in Berlin. In addition, there was another general superintendent in the ecclesiastical province of Brandenburg for Neumark-Niederlausitz with its seat in Cottbus . In 1871 the urban area of ​​Berlin became an independent general superintendent. The general superintendent of Kurmark existed - with the interruption from 1933 to 1945, when provosts took the place of the general superintendent's - until 1949. After that, its area was reduced in favor of the general superintendent in Cottbus, which was reduced in 1945 to Ostbrandenburg and again in 1963 in favor of the newly created district Eberswalde Relocated to Neuruppin and changed the name to Sprengel Neuruppin.

General superintendent of the Kurmark from 1829
  • 1829–1853: Daniel Amadeus Neander ; in personal union he was provost of the Petrikirche (Berlin-Cölln) from 1823 to 1865 .
  • 1853–1873: Wilhelm Hoffmann , also court preacher
  • 1873–1879: Bruno Brückner (acting, next to general superintendent for Berlin)
  • 1879–1891: Rudolf Kögel , from 1863 also court preacher in Berlin
  • 1892–1903: Ernst Dryander
  • 1903–1921: Paul Köhler (1848–1926)
  • 1921–1924: Karl Axenfeld (1869–1924)
  • 1925–1933: Otto Dibelius , by the Prussian state commissioner for church affairs August Jäger - contrary to church regulations - on leave
  • 1933–1936: Fritz Loerzer (with the title Provost )
  • 1933–1946: Otto Dibelius; he ignored the leave of absence and continued to officiate, but was only accepted in the parishes that supported the Confessing Church ; In 1945 the provisionally formed church leadership (the advisory council) confirmed Dibelius as general superintendent. The advisory board also commissioned Dibelius to take over the vacant general superintendent offices in Berlin and Neumark-Niederlausitz on a representative basis.
  • 1947–1963: Walter Braun (1892–1973)

Territorial division

The Kurmark covered an area of ​​434 square miles in 1804. It consisted of the following landscapes (also called provinces ):

Each landscape comprised several circles. In addition, the Beeskow-Storkowische Kreis and the Luckenwaldesche Kreis belonged to the Kurmark without being assigned to a landscape.

literature

Web links

Wiktionary: Kurmark  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kühne, Michael (ed.): The minutes of the Church Conference on Eastern Europe 1945-1949 , Göttingen 2005, p. 447 [register of persons / biographical information: Braun, Walter]; ISBN 978-3-525-55759-4