District of Crossen (Oder)
The Prussian district of Crossen (Oder) , originally the district of Crossen , existed from 1816 to 1945 in the province of Brandenburg . It was named after Crossen (Oder) , the seat of the district administration. The district recently also included the towns of Bobersberg and Sommerfeld (Nd. Lausitz) as well as 92 other communities and two forest estate districts . The former district area is now mainly in the Powiat Krośnieński in the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship .
Administrative history
In 1742, the Krossener Kreis was formed from the previous Silesian Duchy of Crossen and incorporated into Neumark in Brandenburg .
In 1816 he came to the newly formed administrative district of Frankfurt in the province of Brandenburg and ceded his exclaves Baudach and Gablenz to the Lower Lusatian district of Sorau .
On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Crossen (Oder) district, in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which almost all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.
After the end of the war in 1945, the Soviet Union placed the district under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . In the following period, the gradual immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line . The local population was evicted by the local Polish administrative authorities .
Population development
year | Residents | source |
---|---|---|
1750 | 21,161 | |
1796 | 32,615 | |
1816 | 29,894 | |
1840 | 47,281 | |
1871 | 60,527 | |
1890 | 60.508 | |
1900 | 59,407 | |
1910 | 59,668 | |
1925 | 60,699 | |
1933 | 59,067 | |
1939 | 59,158 |
District administrators
- 1723–1742 Alexander Rudolph von Rothenburg
- 1742–1751 Samuel Friedrich von Winning
- 1751–1763 Leopold Maximilian von Schlegel
- 1763–1769 Ernst Ludwig von Gloger
- 1769–1791 Johann Ernst von Oppeln
- 1791–1828 Ernst Wilhelm Rudolph von Troschke
- 1828–1859 August von Rheinbaben (1785–1859)
- 1859–1889 Wilhelm von Rheinbaben (1813–1891)
- 1889–1901 Gustav von Blomberg (1854–1919)
- 1902–1918 Wolf von Gottberg (1865–1938)
- 1918–1919 Josef Schoenkaes (* 1883)
- 1919–1933 Hans von Abel (1878–1937)
- 1933–1945 Erich Krüger
Local constitution
The district of Crossen (Oder) was divided into cities, rural communities and - until their almost complete dissolution in 1929 - manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped into administrative districts .
traffic
Important railway lines crossed the district area early on. The Guben - Sommerfeld - Sagan section of the Lower Silesian-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft was opened in 1846> 121.0 <.
In 1870 the Märkisch-Posener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft followed with its routes Guben - Crossen - Bentschen and Frankfurt - Topper - Bentschen> 122.b + c <.
The Breslau-Schweidnitz-Freiburg Railway Company concluded the first epoch of railway construction in 1874 with the Küstrin - Grünberg section> 122.0 <, without any cross-connections within the district. It was not until 1913/14 that the Prussian State Railroad between Crossen and Sommerfeld produced one of these "122.d". This station had already become a junction when the Lusatian Railway Company opened its line to Teuplitz - Muskau in 1897 > 154.d <.
The Topper - Meseritz state railway was put into operation by the Prussian State Railway in 1909.
cities and communes
Status 1945
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Municipalities dissolved before 1939
- Alt Beutnitz and Neu Beutnitz, merged in 1929 to form the municipality of Beutnitz
- Evengrund, 1929 on Pleiskehammer
- Murzig, 1929 to comb
Name changes
On July 28, 1934, the city of Sommerfeld was given the additional designation "(Nd. Lausitz)".
The following name changes were made in 1937:
- German Nettkow → Strasbourg (Oder)
- German Sagar → Boberhöh
- Dobersaul → Schönrode (Mark)
- Dubrow → Eichenhagen
- Skyren → Teichwalde
- Wendisch Sagar → Bobertal
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 101-102, paragraph 10.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 178-185.
- Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., 1867, pp. 50-58.
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 734-756 ( online ).
- Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad Oder. Compiled from official sources . Frankfurt ad cit. 1844, pp. 47-63.
- Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Volume 3: Containing the Neumark Brandenburg. Berlin 1809, pp. 296-323 ( books.google.de ); Location registers for all three volumes: pp. 357–390 ( books.google.de ).
- W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 522-543.
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
- District of Crossen German administrative history 1871–1990, very detailed
- District of Crossen Administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 16, 2013.
- The district of Crossen Brandenburger Landschleicher
- History of the district of Crossen (Oder) Brandenburger Landschleicher
Individual evidence
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder . No. 12 , 1816, p. 105 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg . tape 3 . Friedrich Maurer, Berlin 1809, chap. District of Krossen, S. 296 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 42 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district of Frankfurt, p. 210 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
- ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurt ad O., Harnecker, 1844, p. 30
- ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Brandenburg and their population in 1871
- ↑ a b c d e f Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Crossen district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).