District of Calau

This article covers the historic district of Calau . For the district of Calau in the Cottbus district (1952–1990) and the district of Calau in Brandenburg (1990–1993) see District of Calau .

The district area 1905

The district of Calau , until 1939 district of Calau , until the 19th century also called Kalauer district , from 1950 to 1952 district of Senftenberg , was a district in Brandenburg . It existed until 1950 in Prussia , the Soviet Zone and the GDR . On January 1, 1945, the district comprised the five cities of Calau , Drebkau , Lübbenau , Senftenberg and Vetschau as well as 127 other communities.

Today, the former district area largely belongs to the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district . Today the Drebkau area belongs to the Spree-Neisse district and the area around Lauta to the Bautzen district in Saxony .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

As one of the results of the Congress of Vienna , the Kingdom of Saxony had to cede Niederlausitz to Prussia in 1815. One of the five historical districts of Niederlausitz was the Kalauer Kreis or the Kalau District . Niederlausitz became part of the new administrative district of Frankfurt , in which a comprehensive district reform was carried out in 1816. The Kalau district was significantly enlarged by the incorporation of the Senftenberg office . At the same time, a number of enclaves and exclaves were exchanged with the neighboring districts .

German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On July 21, 1875, the rural community of Lichtenau and the Lichtenau estate district were reclassified from the Luckau district to the Calau district.

On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the Calau district, as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

With the discovery and extraction of lignite in the south of Niederlausitz , the city of Senftenberg developed into the district's industrial center. In addition to the lignite industry, brickworks, glassworks, sawmills, the Lautawerk and the Brabag (later the Schwarzheide synthesis plant ) ensured that 75 percent of the population lived in the southern part of the district. Calau with the district and local authorities, however, was in the agricultural northern part of the district. As early as 1931/1932 there were requests to move the district seat to Senftenberg. With the dismissal of District Administrator Carl Freter , these plans were abandoned. From 1939 to 1945 Fritz Haas was the district's chief district administrator.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army .

Hotel Kronprinz, provisional seat of the district administrator in Senftenberg

German Democratic Republic

After the Second World War, the Calau district belonged to the state of Brandenburg , which was formed in the Soviet occupation zone from the part of the Brandenburg province west of the Oder-Neisse line .

The first local elections took place on September 15, 1946 and the first district and state elections after the Second World War on October 20, 1946. The newly elected district council met on December 18, 1946 in the Calau town hall. The district council elected Gerhard Tzschieter as chairman and Carl Freter as district administrator.

With effect from April 1, 1947, the offices of the district administration were relocated to Senftenberg. The Agriculture and Forestry departments as well as the collection of plant and animal products remained in Calau . In Senftenberg, the district administration was housed throughout the city. The district administrator and the tax office were located in the Hotel Kronprinz on Ernst-Thälmann-Straße. The Senftenberg Castle housed the main administration and the district building department. In the POS I Artur Wölk the district police, the social services and the county youth office came under. Other parts were housed in the mining house of the Niederlausitzer Bergbauverein.

Since October 7, 1949, the state of Brandenburg and thus also the district of Calau had been part of the GDR . On June 27, 1950, the district council of the district of Calau approved the renaming of the district to the district of Senftenberg . At the same time there were several changes of area.

The communities moved to the district of Calau

• Illmersdorf from the Cottbus district
• Pademack from the Luckau district .

The communities changed from the district of Calau

• Bischdorf , Boblitz , Dubrau , Eisdorf , Fleißdorf , Göritz b. Vetschau , Groß Beuchow , Groß Klessow , Groß Lübbenau , Hindenberg , Kahnsdorf , Kittlitz , Klein Beuchow , Krimnitz , Kückebusch , Lehde , Leipe , Lübbenau , Märkischheide , Naundorf b. Vetschau , Raddusch , Ragow , Schönfeld , Stradow , Suschow , Terpt , Tornow , Vetschau , Vorberg and Zerkwitz in the district of Lübben (Spreewald)
• Craupe , Groß Mehßow , Klein Mehßow , Radensdorf , Stöbritz and Willmersdorf in the Luckau district
• Rehnsdorf in the Spremberg district (Lausitz) .

In the course of the major regional reform of 1952 , the Calau / Senftenberg area was completely restructured:

• From the northern part of the district, a new district of Calau was formed with the addition of communities from the districts of Lübben (Spreewald) and Luckau .
• From the southern part of the district, a new district Senftenberg was formed with the addition of communities from the districts of Hoyerswerda and Liebenwerda .
• The districts of Calau and Senftenberg were added to the newly formed district of Cottbus .
• The city of Drebkau and the communities of Brodtkowitz , Casel , Domsdorf , Golschow , Greifenhain , Koschendorf , Laubst , Delete , Raakow , Radensdorf b. Drebkau , Siewisch and Steinitz moved from the Senftenberg district to the Cottbus-Land district in the Cottbus district.
• The communities Lauta and Scado moved from the Senftenberg district to the Hoyerswerda district in the Dresden district .
• The municipality of Kausche moved from the Senftenberg district to the Spremberg district in the Cottbus district.

Population development

year	Residents	source
1816	29,425
1840	39,360
1871	49,393
1890	58,634
1900	78,804
1910	94,243
1925	109,133
1933	109,514
1939	111.047
1946	130,548

Local constitution until 1945

The district of Calau was initially divided into cities, into rural communities and - until their dissolution in 1929 - into manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced on April 1, 1935 at the municipal level . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia , Brandenburg, Pomerania , Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

District administrators

Gustav von Thermo (1762–1835)

• 1816–1818 Gustav von Thermo (1762–1835)
• 1818–1849 Anton von Stutterheim
• 1849–1866 Anton Maerker (around 1820–1866)
• 1866–1900 Kurt von Patow
• 1900–1919 Alphons of Pourtalès
• 1919–1932 Carl Freter (* 1878; † after 1947)
• 1932–1933 Erich Krause
• 1933–1935 Wilhelm Ermert
• 1935–1939 Gerhard Rühle (1905–1949)
• 1939-1940 F. Haas
• 1940 -9999Georg Jacobi ( substitute )
• 1940 -9999Löbbecke ( substitute )
• 1940–1943 Werner Oberst (* 1891; † after 1943; substitute )
• 1943–1945 Herbert Suesmann (* 1885; † after 1945)

cities and communes

Status 1945

In 1945 the following towns and municipalities belonged to the district of Calau:

Alms Altdöbern Annahütte Bahnsdorf Barzig Bathow Bischdorf Boblitz Bolschwitz Brieske Brodtkowitz Bronkow Buchholz Book grove Buchwalde Stooping Buckow Cable Calau , city Casel Craupe Cathedral village Dörrwalde Drebkau , city Drochow Dubrau Ice village

Fleissdorf Free hooves Gahlen Gliechow Golschow Goeritz b. Vetschau Gosda Griffin Grove Great Beuchow Great Jehser Great Klessow Gross Lübbenau Great Mehsow Grand Koshen Großräschen Hindenberg Hörlitz Kahnsdorf Kalkwitz Thimble Pinching Kittlitz Klein Beuchow Klein Jauer Klein Mehßow Toddlers Klettwitz

Koschendorf Koßwig Cost brew Krimnitz Kückebusch Laasow Foliage Lauta Leeskow Lehde Leipe Lieske Lindchen Lipten Clear Lübbenau , city Lubochow Luckaitz Lug Mallenchen Märkischheide Meuro Miss Muckwar Naundorf b. Vetschau Neudöbern Neupetershain

Ogroses Plieskendorf Splash Raakow Raddusch Radensdorf b. Calau Radensdorf b. Drebkau Ragow Ranzow Rauno Chatter Rehnsdorf Reppist Repten Ressen Regrets Rose village Saadow Saalhausen Säritz Saßleben Sauo Scado Schipkau Schmogro Schöllnitz Schönfeld

Schwarzheide Sedlitz Seese Senftenberg , city Siewisch Steinitz Stöbritz Stradow Suschow Terpt Tornitz Tornow Vetschau , city Vorberg White day Wendisch Sorno Verkhov Willmersdorf Wormlage Vozhkov Desert grove Zerkwitz Zinnitz Zwietow

Municipalities dissolved before 1939

• Naundorf bei Ruhland and Zschornegosda were merged on October 1, 1936 to form the community of Schwarzheide.

Altnau , 1904 to Calau Briesen , 1926 to Tornitz Chransdorf , 1926 to Altdöbern Erpitz , 1926 to Groß Jehser Geisendorf , 1926 to Neupetershain Goeritz b. Alt Döbern , 1926 to Casel Gräbendorf , 1926 to Reddern Hänchen , moved to Schönfeld in 1926 Jehschen , to Missen in 1926 Jüttendorf , in Senftenberg in 1923 Kleeden , 1926 to Zerkwitz Klein Görigk , 1926 to Neupetershain Klein Klessow , 1926 to Groß Klessow Kleinräschen , 1925 to Großräschen Kunersdorf , 1926 to Leeskow

Laasdorf , 1926 to Reddern Lichtenau , 1926 to Tornow Lobendorf , 1926 to Repten Mlode , 1926 to Seese Nebendorf , 1926 to Pritzen Petershain , 1925 to Neupetershain Redlitz , 1926 to Groß Klessow Rettchensdorf , to Neudöbern in 1925 Rochusthal , 1926 to Seese Schadewitz , 1926 to Kemmen Schönebegk , in 1926 at Vetschau Settinchen , 1926 on Cabel Stennewitz , 1926 in Lübbenau Stottoff , 1926 in Lübbenau Thamm , 1920 to Senftenberg

Name changes

In the 1930s there were some spelling changes like

• Costebrau → Kostebrau
• Kosswigk → Koßwig
• Lugk → Lug
• Weissagk b. Calau → Weissag
• Zschipkau → Schipkau.

In 1937 the National Socialists gave several place names of Sorbian origin new German names (translation or free invention). Unlike z. B. in Saxony these name changes were not reversed after 1945:

• Dlugy → Fleissdorf
• Dobristroh → free hooves
• Särchen → Annahütte
• Weißagk b. Vetschau → Märkischheide

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 106-107, item 16.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 206-217.
• Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., 1867, pp. 19-37.
• Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 553-580 ( online ).
• Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad Oder. Compiled from official sources . Frankfurt ad O. 1844, pp. 15-36.
• W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 639-664.
• Series of publications for local research in the Senftenberg district, issue 1

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Calau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• District of Calau Administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 15, 2013.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Heinrich Berghaus: Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Niederlausitz in the middle of the 19th century . Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1854, chap. 3 VI., P. 44 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
2. ^ Carl Heinrich Ludwig Pölitz: History and Statistics of the Kingdom of Saxony . Hinrichs, Leipzig 1809, chap. State Constitution, p. 257 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
3. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder . No. 12 , 1816, p. 108 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
4. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district of Frankfurt, p. 210 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
5. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurt ad O., Harnecker, 1844, p. 30
6. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Brandenburg and their population in 1871
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Calau district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
8. ↑ 1946 census