Little Görigk
Klein Görigk , Psowe Górki in Lower Sorbian , was a village in the Brandenburg Lower Lusatia south of Drebkau and northeast of Welzow on the southern edge of the Lusatian ridge. It was demolished and demolished in 1995/96 for the approaching Welzow-Süd opencast mine . The archaeological excavations in the place showed that it was founded in the course of the German state expansion in the 13th century. The finds show a late Slavic find deposit as well as early blue-gray German goods. Klein Görigk is (after Horno and Kausche) the third completely excavated village in the lignite area of Niederlausitz.
The Sorbian place name means something like "dog hill".
Early history
The oldest evidence of settlement in the region are two Middle Bronze Age burial places near Klein Görigk. Numerous shards of pots and pans in the backfilling of two mine piles, which belonged to three furnace batteries near Klein Görigk, date to the late Roman Empire (3rd / 4th century) and indicate Iron Age activities of the Teutons .
The medieval village
Between 2004 and 2006, the village was examined in the course of the development of the Welzow-Süd opencast mine on an area of nine hectares. Thereby 6,701 findings were made. The medieval village turned when it was founded as a farmstead or two in the late 12th and early 13th century farmsteads resulting in quick succession represents.
A box well could be dendrochronologically dated to the year 1199. The vessels from the fountain have a typical late Slavic wavy decoration, but also clover-leaf mouths, which represent a typical German edge shape. The mix of styles dates back to the 13th century. Since the vessels are provided with standing bases, it can be assumed that the settlers came from southern Germany , where standing bases were common.
The second oldest box fountain made of beech wood was dated to 1209. Of the total of 30 wells, those from the late 12th and early 13th centuries were built as box wells using log construction using split planks or half logs. The younger fountains are built from a load-bearing wooden frame, the rising one from field stones. This is also a common design in southern Germany. The fountain in the village complex (Hofstelle VII) was dated to 1243. The first settlement is dated on the basis of wood finds of a transition over the lowland, which connects the farms from 1189 to the higher-level path system. The two old farms were given up when the village was built. A total of 11 new farms were created for this.
The courtyards of the lowland on both sides of the stream are surrounded by a village moat. The connection of the courtyard from 1189 bridged the lowland by means of a boardwalk, because no renovation was made when the village was built. A billet dam , which existed until the 19th century and was then paved, opens up the village towards the higher-level road network. The path crosses the valley and opens up courtyards III-V and XI and XII. The medieval access to the farms VI - X could not be documented.
Field stone cellar
In addition to the wells, which are decisive for the dating, 4 field stone cellars provide information about the development . Field stone cellars are a phenomenon of the 14th century. The pottery found in the area of the wooden floor dates the cellars to this time. They are usually located under larger buildings, of which no traces have been found in Klein Görigk. Until the 14th century, the diet was based on the cultivation of grain . In the late Middle Ages there was an increasing trend towards meat production. This was due on the one hand to a cold period in the 13th and 14th centuries, and on the other hand to the rapid rise of cities in which a larger population consumed more meat. The stone cellars are interpreted as a warehouse for meat products that have not yet been smoked or cured, which they keep until they are processed or sold. The walls of the stone cellars of Klein Görigk, often 40 cm to 50 cm wide, are made of field stones in clay and are still 60 cm high in places. They are 12–15 m² in size and trapezoidal to rectangular. A cellar has an angled entrance on the narrow side. The other entrances are straight. Three cellars are about three to four meters above the lowland to keep it dry.
Outbuildings
So far, the appearance of residential buildings in the village settlements had to be explored (location Diepensee). But what the granaries or other buildings of the 14th century in Niederlausitz looked like, how big they were and which constructions were used, or where they were located in the courtyard area was unknown. The excavator P. Schöneburg found in the north of Klein Görigk on the village ditch a three-aisled house floor plan as a 9.0 × 6.4 m post structure. The roof structure was supported by three pairs of posts. The wall posts stood in a trench and took up little roof load. Mighty posts in the north and a rounded shape in the south were revealed to the excavator as signs of a full hip in the south and a crippled hip in the north. Translated into the reconstruction, this means that the roof was pulled down far in the south, the wall slightly rounded in the corners. Towards the field, a raised roof is being reconstructed. Shards found in the post holes date to the 13th and 14th centuries. This means that this building, with its complete ground plan, can be described as the first non-residential building in Lower Lusatia from the 14th century to be constructed using post construction.
Late Middle Ages
According to archaeological findings during the Thirty Years' War, Klein Görigk recorded a clear decline in population. At the end of the 17th century, new wells were built. This suggests that the village recovered as the war in Prussia ended. In the Battle of Fehrbellin in the Northern War, the Prussians under General Field Marshal Georg von Derfflinger succeeded in driving invading Swedes out of the Mark Brandenburg in 1675. It can be assumed that the expansion of Klein Görigg is related to the prosperity of the country from 1679. Klein Görigk remained a village in Lower Lusatia for another 250 years without a church or its own estate. In 1928, the municipality of Neupetershain was created with the involvement of the villages of Petershain , Geisendorf and Klein-Görigk .
museum
In the industrial area of the city of Welzow there is an open-air presentation with rebuilt street sections, three field stone cellars and a fountain. In addition, there is the scaffolding of an outbuilding, the first reconstructable medieval post structure in Niederlausitz. The original findings from the Welzow-Süd opencast mine, which were brought here after the archaeological findings, are the last evidence of the village of Klein Görigk, which was excavated from 1995/96 and whose 360 residents were relocated.
See also
literature
- P. Schöneburg: The investigation of the village center Klein Görigk In: Archeology in Berlin and Brandenburg, Berlin, 2006/07
- U. Uhl: Tell me where the houses are. Youngest Bronze Age settlement near Klein Görigk, Oberspreewald-Lausitz district. In: Archeology Berlin and Brandenburg Berlin 2006/07, pp. 44–46.
- U. Grünwald: On the edge of the Steinitz Alps. Two Middle Bronze Age burial places near Klein Görigk, Lkr. Spree-Neisse In: Archeology in Berlin and Brandenburg Berlin 2008 pp. 36–40
Individual evidence
- ↑ Arnost Muka: Pućowanja po Serbach. Nakład Domowiny Budyšin, 1957. p. 68
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 37 ' N , 14 ° 12' E