Welzow-Süd opencast mine

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Welzow-Süd opencast mine
General information about the mine
Wjelcejska jama 1.JPG
View over the open pit
Mining technology Open pit
Funding / year (2013) 20 million t
Information about the mining company
Operating company LEAG
Start of operation 1959
End of operation approx. 2040 (with approved expansion)
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Brown coal
Brown coal

Seam name

2. Lusatian seam
Mightiness 10-16 m
Greatest depth 90-130 m
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 35 '17 "  N , 14 ° 13' 59.3"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 35 '17 "  N , 14 ° 13' 59.3"  E
Welzow-Süd opencast mine (Brandenburg)
Welzow-Süd opencast mine
Location Welzow-Süd opencast mine
Location Welzow
local community Spremberg , Welzow , Drebkau , Neupetershain
District ( NUTS3 ) Spree-Neisse , Oberspreewald-Lausitz
country country Brandenburg
Country Germany
District Lusatian lignite mining area

The Welzow-Süd open-cast mine is an open-cast lignite mine in southern Lower Lusatia in the Spree-Neisse district , operated by Lausitz Energie Bergbau AG . In the Welzow-Süd opencast mine, up to 20 million tons of lignite are extracted each year. The calorific value of lignite is 9,000 kJ / kg; it contains about 56% water, 1% sulfur and 5% ash .

location

Aerial photo of the open pit (2016)
Welzow Süd opencast mine, aerial photo (2019)

The open pit is located in the southeast of the state of Brandenburg . In the west the opencast mine borders on the eponymous city of Welzow , in the east the areas that have already been recultivated border the city of Spremberg .

geology

The Welzow-Süd opencast mine is located in Lower Lusatia, which was strongly influenced by the Pleistocene and Ice Age , in the area of ​​the Lusatian border wall ( southern ridge ). The Pleistocene layers consist of large debris (up to 60 tons in weight) as well as gravels , sands , silts and boulder clay from the Saale and Elster glacials . Immediately south of the open-cast mine, the Pleistocene cuts deep into the underlying Tertiary in the form of the Barnsdorf-Blunoer Rinne of the "Lausitzer Urstromtal" ( Breslau-Magdeburg Urstromtal ) and separates the Welzow-Süd coal field from the Spreetal coal field.

The youngest tertiary is represented by the Upper Miocene -? Pliocene Rauno Formation (“Raunoersequence”), which essentially comprises gravel and coarse sands from the oldest Senftenberg Elbe as well as the so-called bottle clay. The Rauno formation, which is only preserved in subsidence areas such as the Kauscher Graben , is underlain by the medium -? Upper Miocene Meuro Formation ("Obere Brieskersequence"), in the uppermost section (Klettwitz subformation) the 1st Miocene seam complex ("1st Lusatian seam") is located, but it is only historically worth building and was dismantled until around 1920 . The otherwise mainly sandy (fluviatil in the middle, at the bottom of brackish) Meuro formation is underlain by the under -mittelmiozänen Brieske formation ( "Lower Briesker sequence"). In the uppermost section (Welzow subformation) this contains the 2nd Miocene seam complex ("2nd Lausitz seam"), the main seam of which is the target of mining. The thickness of the main seam, which is locally divided into two banks, is between 10 and 16 meters, the overlying rock is between 90 and 130 meters thick. The layers of the lower Miocene and Oligocene follow the Brieske Formation. Because the Welzow-Süd opencast mine is located northeast of the Lusatian Demolition , the Tertiary is deposited there on the Permian - Triassic layers of the Lower Lusatian Depression (Lausitzer Triasscholle) - to the southwest of the Lusatian Demolition it is deposited on Cadomic pre-deformed Variscan basement . Due to the glacier activity in the Pleistocene, the Tertiary is exogenously disturbed down to the level of the 2nd Lusatian seam and partly also inserted into the Pleistocene deposits.

history

Remains of an abandoned mine in the 1st Lusatian seam in the Welzow-Süd opencast mine

The 1st Lusatian seam in the Welzow area was mined as early as the 19th century, usually in civil engineering in small, unannounced pits . The Clara I Welzow mine began lignite mining on the Welzower plateau in 1866.

In 1957, the first clearing and grading work began for today's open-cast mine. In 1959, that began draining the mining field through drainage routes (shaft wood laying). The mining began on November 19, 1962, and the first coal was mined on November 14, 1966 for the Schwarze Pumpe gas combine . Due to the steadily increasing thickness of the overburden, the assembly of the world's first 60-meter overburden conveyor bridge began in 1969 . This began with trial operation at the end of 1972 and went into regular production operation in spring 1973. As the thickness of the overburden continued to increase, a feeder bridge was added to the conveyor bridge in 1977. In 1995 the conveyor bridge was renovated and two of the three old bridge excavators were replaced by the two excavators from the overburden conveyor bridge from the former Klettwitz-Nord opencast mine. In October 2011, work began on dismantling the feeder bridge, which was added to the overburden conveyor bridge in 1977, as it is no longer required when the open-cast mine was swiveled to the south subfield.

On May 13, 2016, more than 1,600 people occupied the open-cast mining site under the motto " End of the terrain " and blocked coal production.

Resettled localities

By 2011, 17 villages had been excavated as a result of lignite mining. Mainly Sorbian villages had to give way to the opencast mining : Dollan (Dolań), Geisendorf (Gižkojce), Gosda (near Spremberg) (Gózdź), Groß Buckow (Bukow), Haidemühl (Gózdź), Jessen (Jaseń), Josephsbrunn , Kausche (Chusej), Klein Buckow (Bukowk), Klein Görigk (Gorki), Pulsberg (Lutoboŕ), Radeweise (Radojz), Roitz (Rajc), Sagrode , Stradow (Tšadow), Straussdorf (Tšuckojce), Wolkenberg (Klěšnik).

If the mine is to be continued, the devastation of Proschim (Prožym) and Siberia (Sibirska) is also planned.

technology

Sightseeing tour through the Welzow-Süd opencast mine
Bucket wheel excavator 1532 SRs 1301 with belt trailer 732 BRs 1400 in the Welzow-Süd opencast mine

In the Welzow-Süd opencast mine, various mining equipment and techniques are used to excavate and extract raw lignite. Here are used:

Devices in pre-cut operation

Devices in bridge operation

Conveyor bridge F60 No. 32 after dismantling the feeder

Equipment in the mine

  • Bucket ladder excavator 348 ERs 710
  • Bucket chain excavator 352 ERs 710
  • Bucket ladder excavator 358 ERs 710
  • Belt trailer 728 BRs 1400
  • Belt trailer 731 BRs 1400
  • Belt trailer 732 BRs 1400
  • Belt trailer 751 BRs 1600
  • Bucket wheel excavator 1530 SRs 1301
  • Bucket wheel excavator 1532 SRs 1301

Devices at the trench bunker

Other large devices

  • Bucket wheel excavator 1496 SRs 630 ( clay landfill)

economy

The Welzow-South is the main provider for the Schwarze Pumpe power plant , and for the briquetting plant Schwarze Pumpe . The operator LEAG is the largest employer in Lusatia . Vattenfall, the previous owner of the entire business area, directly employed around 8,000 people in 2010 in lignite mining, refining and power generation.

See also

literature

  • Gerhard Fugmann, Haidemühl . A Festschrift, Cottbus 2007.
  • Tim S. Müller, Gosda / Niederlausitz. Land use change of an East Elbe manor between "Economic Enlightenment" and the dawning industrial age (1790-1860) , Waxmann-Verlag, Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2012 (= Lower Lusatia at the beginning of the 21st century. History and Present, Volume 2), ISBN 978-3-8309261-8-4
  • Wolfgang Schossig among others: Mining in Lower Lusatia. Cottbus 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811412-1-4 .

Web links

Commons : Welzow-Süd opencast mine  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Welzow-Süd opencast lignite mine (PDF 8.5 MB) Vattenfall Europe Mining AG, 2012
  2. ↑ a b Ralf Kühner, Jaqueline Strahl: The Eem deposits on the outer edge of the warthestadial glaciation in the Welzow-Süd opencast mine, Niederlausitz. Journal of the German Society for Geosciences. Vol. 159, No. 2, 2008, pp. 191-204
  3. ↑ a b Welzow-Süd opencast mine. ( Memento from February 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Internet presence of Vattenfall Europe AG (vattenfall.de)
  4. ↑ a b cf. Klaus Stanek, Leomaris Domínguez-Gonzalez, Louis Andreani, Bernd Bräutigam: 3D modeling of the tertiary in Lusatia. LfULG series of publications, No. 19/2016. State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG), Dresden 2016 ( publications.sachsen.de ), p. 11 f., 25 ff.
  5. ↑ cf. Jan-Michael Lange, Birgit Gaitzsch, Christoph Breitkreuz: The early Elbstrom - architecture and reconstruction of the Senftenberger Lauf. Case study Ottendorf-Okrilla. Annual reports and communications from the Upper Rhine Geological Association, new series. Vol. 97, 2015, pp. 301-320
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Schossig among others: Mining in Lower Lusatia . Cottbus 2007. p. 27.
  7. ↑ Welzow-Süd opencast mine on Ostkohle.de
  8. ↑ rbb-online.de: lignite opponents occupy Welzow-South. , accessed on May 13, 2016
  9. ↑ Documentation of resettlement caused by mining , Archive of Disappeared Places , Forst 2010, p. 154
  10. ↑ The Welzow devices on Ostkohle.de
  11. ↑ Significance of lignite in East Germany , page 14 (page 22 in the PDF page count)