Black pump gas combine

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Black pump gas combine

The VEB Gaskombinat Schwarze Pump , from 1986 VEB Gaskombinat " Fritz Selbmann " Schwarze Pump (abbreviated to GKSP , later GSP ) was a combine for the combined utilization and processing of lignite in the immediate vicinity of the village of Schwarze Pumpe near Spremberg during the GDR . The plant consisted of several interlinked gas works , coking plants , thermal power plants and briquette factories with the associated auxiliary and ancillary systems.

After the end of the GDR, the facility was shut down in 1990 and most of it was dismantled. On the grounds of originated Schwarze Pumpe industrial estate with the new, now the Energy Kraftwerke AG Lausitz belonging Schwarze Pumpe power plant .

history

Pre-planning

Energy conversion in the GSP

In a first study, which began in 1953 and was completed in the second quarter of 1955, there were plans to build a "Trattendorf Coke Combine" in the immediate vicinity of the Trattendorf power plant that was under construction .

A second study, which was carried out from 1954 to 1955, dealt with the construction of a "Black Pump Coke Combine" at the current location, including the outcrops of the Burghammer , Welzow-Süd and Nochten opencast mines and the establishment of a necessary dwelling for their employees ( Hoyerswerda-Neustadt).

On May 3, 1955, the first inspection of the future construction site of the Black Pump Combine took place, which was to be built on approx. 900 hectares with an area of 3.5 km × 2.5 km . On June 23, 1955, a resolution (register number 13/2 a) of the GDR Council of Ministers decided on the establishment of the Black Pump Combine . As early as June 28, 1955, the construction staff started their work in the restaurant “Zur Schwarzen Pump” in Schwarze Pump. The project planning was assigned to the project planning and construction office Berlin (PKB). On July 1, 1955, the PKB began work on the preliminary KSP construction project . Up to 350 companies were involved in the project planning, a far larger number then in the construction and assembly of the combine.

A special contribution was made by:

The preliminary planning of the PKP was designed in such a way that the interaction of different processes in the "smallest" space resulted in the greatest possible benefit:

This composite technology made it possible to achieve a thermal efficiency of the combine of 76.1%.

The preliminary planning of the PKB essentially provided for the following system components for the KSP:

View over the Welzow-Süd opencast mine to the gas combine (1989)
  • In the North:
    • 2 large-capacity coal bunkers with a capacity of 28,000 t each; associated processing systems for briquette and steam coal
    • 3 large power plants (west, center, east) with a total of 20 high-performance radiation boilers
    • 3 briquette factories, consisting of 3 drying houses with 3 × 16 large tube dryers and 3 drying houses with 3 × 20 four-strand presses
  • In the south:
    • Three coking plants assigned to the respective briquette factories with 10 furnace units each with 8 furnaces each, in which lignite high-temperature coke (BHT coke) was produced.
    • Water management system components for supply and disposal
  • In the West:

Construction and operation

Workers at the opening ceremony

For the construction of the combine, the PKB essentially planned 3 construction stages. With these it should be possible to set up all production and other systems in a period of only 8 years, to test completely new technologies and to make them suitable for continuous operation. Plans for the combine were based on up to 16,000 employees. The production should produce up to 2.5 million tons of BHT coke, 3 billion cubic meters of town gas and 900 million kWh of electrical energy annually.

The partially overlapping construction stages were:

  • 1953 - 1955 Preparatory measures (preparation of studies for the establishment of the combine)
  • Construction site facilities, infrastructure, etc. III. Quarter 1955 - December 31, 1956
  • 1st expansion stage: July 1, 1956 - III. Quarter 1959
  • 2nd expansion stage: January 1, 1960 - December 21, 1962
  • 3rd expansion stage: January 1, 1962 - December 31, 1963

On August 31, 1955, the Minister for Heavy Industry, Fritz Selbmann , broke ground with a bulldozer , which he drove from the fairground to the beginning of the 3.7 km long company road to be built. On the same day, the foundation stone for the first workers' apartments was laid in Hoyerswerda . By 1980 the population of Hoyerswerda increased from around 7700 to 70700.

On November 30, 1955, third-party steam for the combine construction site could be obtained for the first time via a long-distance steam line from the Trattendorf power station about 5 km away. On April 23, 1956, VEB Construction Management Black Pump was founded. Hasso Grabner was appointed as the first manager, but Will Kühn replaced him after a few months. On June 27, 1956, the foundation stone was laid for the first industrial building of the later combine, one of the two 28,000 tons of raw lignite bunkers, which was then completed on April 14, 1959. On March 23, 1957, the Burghammer open- cast mine was opened with the symbolic laying of wood . The first cooling tower was completed on April 11, 1957 . On June 19, 1957, construction of the West Briquette Factory began. By October 15th, all four cooling towers of the first expansion stage were completed.

On April 1, 1958, VEB Kombinat Schwarze Pumpe (KSP) was founded; Willy Kühn became the first plant director. On January 13, 1959, the assembly of the first 25 MW condensing turbo generator began in the West power plant . On March 1, 1959, the extraction of raw lignite from the Burghammer opencast mine, which was only about 10 km south of the combine, began. On April 9, 1959, the excavation of the Welzow-Süd opencast mine was promoted by laying the shaft . (Other information September 4, 1959)

On April 18, 1959, the first pressure tests of the briquette dryers of the Briquette Factory West were carried out with the help of external steam from the Trattendorf power station . On April 21, 1959, continuous three-shift system service was started in the West power plant and on April 30, 1959, the first steam boiler, boiler 13, in the West power plant was ignited by Plant Director Kühn at around 2 a.m. A little later at 5:38 a.m., the West Briquette Factory started production. The first briquettes were pressed with the label "Flame of Socialism " . On the same day at around 4 a.m., the first electricity from a 25 MW condensing turbo set was fed into the network. On March 4 and May 11, 1960, the first two extraction counter pressure turbines (EGT) 13 and 14, each with an output of 50 MW, were put into operation in the West power plant . This made it possible to completely start up the connected Briquette Factory West on July 1st of the same year with 4 departments. On February 4, 1961, the last EGT of the West power plant was put into operation. However, due to massive problems with the turbines, they could not be operated at full load. The first 50 MW turbine only reached its full output on September 1, 1962 after design errors had been eliminated.

Briquette production also did not go as smoothly as planned and hoped for, in autumn 1959 only 64,000 tons of the planned 700,000 tons of briquettes could be billed.

On January 1, 1961, Heinz Lesinski was appointed by the Minister for Coal and Energy as the new plant director of the KSP, Willy Kühn retired for reasons of age. In February 1961, assembly of the steel construction began on the generator house of the compressed gas plant. On March 6, 1961, EGT 15 began continuous operation in the West power plant. Trial operation of the first 420 t / h steam generator, boiler 21 in the Mitte power plant, began on October 20, 1962. On July 1st the trial operation of the air compressor system of the pressurized gas plant. Hermann Stollberg became the new works director of the KSP. On September 13, 1963, the GDR Council of Ministers decided on the final production profile and the final expansion of the KSP.

Despite all the efforts, it was not possible to come close to complying with the calculated cost-benefit framework. In 1965 the loss of the KSP was already 20.3 million GDR marks . This was due to the most varied of problems: on the one hand, the weak material basis, on the other hand, but above all the many new technical developments that were tried out in Schwarze Pump and that could only be put into continuous operation here. Far-reaching measures that were carried out from 1966 and that affected a wide variety of areas not only stopped this trend, but radically reversed it. In 1970 the profit of the KSP was already 34.2 million GDR marks. By 1989 this profit increased to 789.3 million GDR marks.

On October 6, 1963, the first drying departments in the briquette factory in Mitte went into operation. The first EGT (EGT 21) at the Mitte power plant had already started trial operation on July 31, 1963. On April 6, 1964 at 11:50 p.m., with the ignition of the first compressed gas generator, the KSP started generating gas, which was first fed into the transmission network on April 15. During this time, the commissioning and restarting of parts of the plant constantly alternated, so on June 1, 1964 the groundbreaking ceremony for the BHT coking plant in the middle took place. On August 1, 1964, with the trial run of department 4, the central briquette factory with all available departments is put into operation.

On April 30, 1965, the West and Center power plants reached an installed capacity of 450 MW. 3 months later, on June 30, 1965, the gas works with all available generator groups was in operation and thus fully available. On April 1, 1966, the first departments of the Briquette Factory East started trial operations.

On July 1, 1966, Herbert Richter was appointed the new plant director of the KSP. On November 14, 1966, the first train of raw lignite left the newly opened Welzow-Süd opencast mine. On February 28, 1966, EGT 26 went into continuous operation in the Mitte power station. Trial operation begins in December 1968 at the Ost power plant. On January 29, 1969, the Mitte power plant with all 6 units installed went into continuous operation. On September 20, 1969, the BHT coking plant went into operation. In November 1969, Departments I and II of the Briquette Factory East went into operation.

The east power plant, which is internally divided into power plants III and IV (condensation power plant), begins trial operation on December 6, 1968 with block 31. As early as December 1, 1968, Block 31 was connected to the network. On April 28, 1970, the Ost III power plant was fully operational after Unit 32 was commissioned. On October 15, 1970, the construction of steam generator 41 in the Ost IV power plant began.

In the final expansion stage, the following construction measures (excluding social and other buildings) were implemented, deviating from the original plan of the PKB: 3 briquette factories, 3 power plants, 1 coking plant (BHT-Kokerei Mitte), 1 gas plant, 1 water plant (supply and disposal), workshops , Werkbahn.

Effects on the Sorbs of the region

In view of the location of the parent company in the middle of the then still intact core of the Sorbian settlement area and the expected influx of thousands of workers as well as the planned use of the area, the Sorbs wrote the popular saying "Čorna pumpa je row Serbstwa" ("Black pump is the grave of Sorbentism") ). In fact, the economic shifts in this part of Lusatia had the effect that many former Sorbian smallholders now got a much more lucrative job in and around Schwarze Pump; At the same time, however, attempts to cultivate the Sorbian language and customs in the industrial environment did not have the desired effect. The request of the Domowina and Sorbian members of the workforce to set up Sorbian-speaking brigades was not granted.

Within a few years, the Sorbian ethnic group in the region around the combine, especially around Hoyerswerda and Spremberg, was severely weakened and many places were largely Germanized .

Reorganization

On January 1, 1963, the Spreetal lignite plant was incorporated into the KSP. Opencast mines, workshops, briquette factories, the cultural center and the holiday property in Rennersdorf are assigned to the operating units of the KSP. On January 1st, 1966 the Nochten opencast mine was separated from the KSP and assigned to the BKK Glückauf. On January 1, 1970, the Council of Ministers decision of October 26, 1969 came into effect. The VEB Combine Black Pump became the VEB Gas Combine Black Pump - parent company (GSP). Several previously independent VEBs were assigned to the VEB GSP. These were:

Herbert Richter was appointed as general director. On October 1, 1980, further state-owned companies were assigned to the GSP. These were:

With the political change in 1989 there were also numerous restructurings in the GSP. On July 1, 1990, the parent company of the GSP was converted into an independent corporation, Energiewerke Schwarze Pump AG (ESPAG) . Also on July 1, 1990, the following companies were separated from the ESPAG network and transferred to independent corporations:

  • VEB Brown Coal Refinement Espenhain
  • VEB Brown Coal Refinement Lauchhammer
  • VEB hard coal coking plant "August Bebel" Zwickau, part of the Magdeburg gas works
  • VEB Verbundnetz Gas
  • VEB PKM Anlagenbau Leipzig
  • Freiberg Fuel Institute

On June 1, 1990, these were then subordinated to the Treuhandanstalt or the newly formed fuel company “Schwarze Pump”. On January 1, 1993, ESPAG merged to form Lausitzer Braunkohle AG (LAUBAG).

Head of construction staff

  1. Hasso Grabner (Director of VEB Kohleanlagen Leipzig, head of the first construction staff)
  2. Willy Kühn

Plant directors

Herbert Richter, last General Director of the GKSP
  1. 1958–1960 Willy Kühn
  2. September 28, 1961–1963 Heinz Lesinski
  3. 1963–1966 Hermann Stollberg
  4. 1966–1972 Herbert Richter
  5. April 1972 – August 1973 Hans Waldmann (provisional)
  6. 1973–1990 Herbert Richter

Employee numbers at KSP

  • December 31, 1959, 04,232 workers
  • December 31, 1960, 05,651 working people
  • December 31, 1961, 06,156 working people
  • December 31, 1962, 06,839 workers
  • December 31, 1963, 09993 workers
  • December 31, 1964, 11,994 working people
  • December 31, 1965, 13,333 workers
  • December 31, 1966, 13,958 workers
  • December 31, 1967, 14470 working people
  • December 31, 1968, 14,080 working people
  • December 31, 1969, 13,987 working people
  • December 31, 1970, 14,607 working people
  • December 31, 1980, 15016 working people
  • 0July 1, 1990, 14439 employees (9739 industrial employees, 4700 salaried employees)000000
  • December 31, 1990, 12640 employees (8563 industrial employees, 4077 employees)
  • December 31, 1991, 09694 employees (6603 industrial employees, 3889 salaried employees)
  • December 31, 1992, 06591 employees (4198 industrial employees, 2393 employees)

Disruptions

  • March 1960 Blade damage in the HD part during trial operation of the first 50 MW turbine after only 1300 operating hours
  • January 12, 1965 there was a serious accident in the generator house of the pressurized gas works, which completely interrupted the city gas supply by January 20, 1965. From January 20, generators 2, 3, 4, 11 and 12 will feed gas into the public grid again.
  • February 15, 1966 Relaxation of generator 3 followed by a major fire in the 1st and 2nd group of four of the generator house.
  • On August 17, 1970 there was a serious deflagration in the east briquette factory due to safety deficiencies in the design of the chimneys.
  • April 21, 1971 serious damage to an oxygen turbo compressor (technical fault).
  • February 22, 1982 at 10:30 a.m., there was a serious accident in the gas cleaning system, line 4 of the gas cleaning system was completely destroyed. The cause was found to be the formation of an oxygen bubble, through which an explosive mixture had formed. The fire area extended to over 5000 m². There were about 30 injured and one fatality. The property damage amounted to around 150 million GDR marks . The production facilities for town gas were 100% operational again after just 6 months.
  • June 3, 1983 Explosion in the lock and steam cooling in the gas works (technical cause).

Others

Unsuccessful demolition of the chimneys at KW West; View from the north
Memorial stone for the East, Middle and West power plants
  • June 1, 1955 Construction of residential camp I begins
  • 25 October 1955 Formation of the Werkbahn department with a class 52 steam locomotive
  • November 1955 Start of construction of residential camp II (for approx. 2000 employees)
  • December 1, 1955 Handover of the first residential barracks for the employees of the combine (the so-called 1000-man camp) in the old town of Hoyerswerda.
  • January 15, 1956 Foundation of the company sports association “ Activist Black Pump ”.
  • March 1, 1956 Completion of the residential camp I (residential town "Frohe Zukunft") in Schwarze Pump. 52 barracks to house 2000 workers.
  • April 5, 1956 First edition of the company newspaper “Sozialistische Zukunft”, the company newspaper of the builders of the KSP, appears
  • June 1, 1956 Start of construction of residential camp III (260 places)
  • June 15, 1956 Completion of the residential camp II in Schwarze Pump.
  • November 1956 Start of construction of the first workshop halls for the future central workshop
  • February 1957 in the residential camp II the "Suhler Klubhaus" is handed over to its destination ("gift" from the working people of the Suhl district)
  • March 1957 the first apartment block in the so-called standby settlement in Schwarze Pumpe is handed over
  • December 19, 1958 All important objects of the first expansion stage are shell-finished
  • April 30, 1959 Opening of the central kitchen.
  • December 19, 1959 Introduction of computer technology based on punched cards / strips in the KSP.
  • May 13, 1960 transfer of operating Polyclinic Schwarze Pumpe.
  • June 28, 1960 Laying of wood at the future Nochten opencast mine .
  • January 2, 1961 Foundation of the company vocational school of the VEB KSP
  • January 1, 1963 The Spreetal lignite plant is incorporated into the KSP.
  • January 3, 1963 Start of lignite mining in the Burghammer opencast mine .
  • April 10, 1964 First ignition of the central flare of the pressurized gas works
  • April 15, 1964 Start of trial operation of Unit 23 in the Mitte power plant
  • October 2, 1965 The Spreetal briquette factory is shut down.
  • January 1, 1966 the Nochten opencast mine is separated from the KSP.
  • November 14, 1966 the first raw lignite from the Welzow-Süd opencast mine arrives at the KSP
  • December 31, 1966, producing 20 gas generators
  • March 31, 1967 Conversion of the West briquette factory to fine grain briquettes
  • August 20, 1967 Introduction of the continuous 5-day week in the KSP.
  • January 1, 1969 The KSP's rush hour traffic is changed from rail to bus
  • September 20, 1969 Start of in-house production of BHT coke and gas in the coking plant
  • 1st January 1970 Formation of VEB Gaskombinat Schwarze Pump (GSP)
  • January 1, 1976 Spin-off of the opencast mines from the GSP and formation of the VEB BKW Welzow
  • September 1, 1976 Start of vocational training at GSP.
  • From March 1977, the construction work of posted technicians in the Mozambican coalfield Tete was coordinated .
  • October 24, 1977 Awarded the Karl Marx Order to the GSP.
  • April 1, 1978 Creation of the construction division
  • November 1, 1978 Formation of the water management department with allocation of the tar landfills Zerre and Terpe .
  • August 1, 1981 Creation of the rationalization and automation equipment division.
  • January 2, 1983 Creation of the large-scale pilot plant division.
  • October 7, 1985 Opening of the company culture house, House of Mining and Energy Workers in Hoyerswerda
  • October 6, 1986 "Bearer of an obligatory honorary name", bestowal of the name: Fritz Selbmann , resolution of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the SED
  • June 29, 1990 Foundation of Energiewerke Schwarze Pump AG (ESPAG).

Dismantling

  • 1992–1998 Dismantling of the coking plant including renovation of the vacant areas.
  • 1994–1997 Dismantling of the east briquette factory.
  • 1993–1997 Gradual shutdown of the Mitte power station, with dismantling beginning at the same time.
  • 1999 The chimneys of the West power plant were blown up, whereby the easternmost of the chimneys that were blown up did not collapse as intended, but damaged the boiler building of the West power plant that was still in place (left in the picture). The steam pipes that connected the newly built Schwarze Pump power plant with the Mitte briquette factory were also damaged.

Decommissioning data of the main units

Aggregate date Time
Steam generator 11 May 4th 1989 6:30 p.m.
Steam generator 12 March 31, 1990 12:10 pm
Steam generator 13 February 8, 1991 4:00 p.m.
EGT 26 August 27, 1991 5:59 am
Steam generator 26 August 29, 1991 8:00 p.m.
Steam generator 14 April 1, 1992 12:50 p.m.
EGT 23 3rd June 1993 9:48 a.m.
Steam generator 23 3rd June 1993 11:36 am
Cond. Turbine 43 February 9, 1996 10:19 a.m.
Steam generator 43 February 9, 1996 12:15 p.m.
Cond. Turbine 44 February 16, 1996 10:22 a.m.
Steam generator 44 February 16, 1996 1 p.m.
Cond. Turbine 41 June 7, 1996 11:53 am
Steam generator 41 June 7, 1996 2:30 p.m.
Cond. Turbine 42 June 28, 1996 11:40 a.m.
Steam generator 42 June 28, 1996 1:25 p.m.
EGT 13 5th December 1996 8:05 pm
Steam generator 16 January 15, 1997 7:35 a.m.
EGT 22 March 27, 1997 11:43 am
Aggregate date Time
Steam generator 22 March 27, 1997 12:33 pm
EGT 24 October 30, 1997 12:07 p.m.
Steam generator 24 October 30, 1997 5:35 pm
EGT 15 May 1, 1997 4:50 a.m.
EGT 32 May 30, 1998 10:52 am
EGT 31 June 13, 1998 6:10 am
Steam generator 31 June 13, 1998 10:34 a.m.
Steam generator 32 June 22, 1998 2:35 pm
EGT 14 June 27, 1998 3:01 am
Steam generator 15 June 30, 1998 1:01 am
Cond. Turbine 12 June 30, 1998 2:03 am
EGT 21 July 1, 1998 12:11 am
Cond. Turbine 16 July 1, 1998 12:44 am
Cond. Turbine 17 July 1, 1998 2:12 am
Steam generator 21 July 1, 1998 3:48 a.m.
Cond. Turbine 11 July 1, 1998 3:50 am
Turbo set 33 July 1, 1998 3:55 am
EGT 25 July 1, 1998 8:00 a.m.
Steam generator 25 July 1, 1998 11:50 a.m.

Technical data / production

Final expansion of the Schwarze Pump gas combine
Power plant

Raw coal bunker

Raw coal bunker West: 24,000 tons capacity

Raw coal bunker east ( ballast coal ): 24,000 tons capacity

Briquette factories

Briquette factories :

  • Processing West
  • Briquette Factory West
  • Briquette factory east (ballast coal), factory section east I and II
  • Briquette factory in the middle

Equipment:

Coking plant

Central coking plant with two-stage dryer with 17.5 bar directly assigned to the central briquette factory

Power plants

power plant KW West (I) KW middle (II) KW East (III) KW OST (IV)
(condensation power plant)
Steam generator Number / type 6 × 6 ×
(front wall firing, three-compartment)		 2 ×
(No. 31/32)		 4 ×
(No. 41-44)
Amount of steam 230 t / h per DE 420 t / h per DE 320 t / h per DE
Live steam pressure ( MPa ) 12.7 13.8 15.7
Live steam temp. (° C) 535
turbine Number / type *)
  • 3 EGT with 50 MW each
  • 4 KT with 25 MW each
  • 6 EGT with 50 MW each
  • 2 EGT with 50 MW each
  • 4 KT a 100 MW
  • 1 KT a 12 MW
Manufacturer Bergmann-Borsig
Pressure (MPa) 11.2 / 3.6 11.2
Temp. (° C) 530/380 530
Chimneys number 3 3 2
height 120 m 140 m 200 m

*) Abbreviation turbine type:

  • EGT: Withdrawal back pressure turbines
  • KT: condensation turbines

Production output

Production / operating values 1959 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
Electrical energy 98 million kWh 578 million kWh 1,753 million kWh 3,168 million kWh 5 155 million kWh 8 056 million kWh 8 617 million kWh
Briquettes 0.121 million t 1.672 million t 3.318 million t 8.975 million t 8.876 million t 9.969 million t 10.152 million t
Town gas - - 328 million m 3 1,776 million m 3 3,035 million m 3 4,016 million m 3 5 515 million m 3
coke - - - 0.214 million t 0.952 million t 1.472 million t 1.442 million t
Overburden (cubic decameter = 1000 m 3 ) 4.7 dam 3 11 058 dam 3 98 833 dam 3 114 880 dam 3 143 191 dam 3 - * - *
Raw coal - - 20.871 million t 33.004 million t 45.144 million t - * - *
Workforce without construction and assembly workers 4232 5 644 13 333 14 607 17 888 14 744 * 15 164
Baseline mean 104 million marks 560 million marks 2,438 million marks 4 116 million marks 5,622 million marks 4,784 * million marks 8,896 million marks
* The mining sector (overburden / lignite) was separated from the combine on January 1, 1976 and VEB Braunkohlenwerk Welzow was formed.

(Source: illustrated historical booklets 54, Black Pump - Coal and Energy for the GDR - Status: 1988, ISBN 3-326-00539-3 )

today

The permanent exhibition Our History. Germany since 1945 in the House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany in Bonn honored in 2011 the construction work for the combine Schwarze Pump and the Neustadt von Hoyerswerda on an exhibition area of ​​around 15 m². The traditional association Glückauf Schwarze Pump from Hoyerswerda endeavors to maintain and preserve the traditions as well as the experience gained in the development of the industrial location Schwarze Pump, including the cities of Hoyerswerda and Spremberg as mining locations.

literature

  • Siegfried Pitschmann , Tales from Black Pump , edited and with an afterword by Kristina Stella, Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2016, ISBN 978-3-8498-1166-2 .
  • “Traditional Black Pump Association” Glückauf e. V. (Hrsg.): 50 years of the industrial site Schwarze Pump, retrospectives, insights, outlooks. ISBN 3-00-016449-9 .
  • “Traditional Black Pump Association” Glückauf e. V. (Ed.): Black Pump industrial site. Issues 1 and 3.
  • Operating section of the KDT Chamber of Technology of the ORGREB Institute for Power Plants Vetschau - Working Group "History of Electric Power Generation" (Ed.): Studies on an outline of the history of electric power generation in the area of ​​the GDR since 1945. 1984.
  • Black pump - coal and energy for the GDR, illustrated historical booklet number 54 - Peter Huebner, Monika Rank ISBN 3-326-00539-3 . Publisher: Central Institute for History of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR - 1988
  • Chronicle - VEB Gaskombinat Schwarze Pump - parent company - 1955 - 1970, publisher: Industriekreisleitung Schwarze Pump of the SED, Commission for operational history

Web links

Commons : Combine Black Pump  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Digital Library , Volume 32: Encyclopedia of the GDR , ISBN 978-3-89853-432-1 , p. 8675 - via Combine Black Pump. In: Google Groups. Retrieved June 23, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Documentation “50 Years of the Black Pump as an Industrial Site”, pages 56/57
  3. ↑ Edmund Pech : The Sorbs policy of the GDR 1949-1970 - expectations and reality , Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina , Budyšin 1999, pp 166 et seq.
  4. ↑ Explosion in the "Black Pump" - When the city gas supply of the GDR was endangered. February 22, 2018, archived from the original on February 23, 2018 ; Retrieved on February 23, 2018 (contribution in the MDR broadcast Lebensretter ).
  5. ↑ Blasted power plant chimney fell in the machine house: water pipe damaged. Berliner Zeitung , July 12, 1999, accessed on November 2, 2012 .
  6. ↑ Thüringer Sprenggesellschaft: 2 reinforced concrete chimneys in the West Power Plant - Black Pump ( Memento from February 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  7. ↑ Thüringer Sprenggesellschaft: 3 reinforced concrete chimneys in the old power station Mitte - Schwarze Pump ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  8. ^ Spremberg. The Black Pump Combine in the development phase around 1960. In: der-lausitzer.de. December 12, 2010, archived from the original on July 13, 2012 ; Retrieved August 5, 2012 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 31 ′ 21.1 ″  N , 14 ° 21 ′ 31 ″  E