Trattendorf power plant
| Trattendorf large power plant | |||
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| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 32 '18 " N , 14 ° 23' 13" E | ||
| country | Brandenburg | ||
| Waters | Spree | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | coal-fired power station | ||
| Primary energy | Brown coal | ||
| fuel | Brown coal (Lusatian district) | ||
| power | 160.5 MW (electrical) | ||
| owner | Elektrowerke AG Berlin | ||
| operator | Elektrowerke AG Berlin | ||
| Project start | 1915 | ||
| Start of operations | 1917 | ||
| Shutdown | 1945 | ||
| turbine | Steam turbine | ||
| boiler | Natural circulation | ||
| Firing | Mill and grate firing | ||
The Trattendorf large power plant is a former coal-fired power plant in Spremberg , Trattendorf district . It was fired with lignite from the Lusatian lignite district .
history
At the Trattendorf site, there were two power plants one after the other, which historically have to be treated as two independent power plants. The first, the large Trattendorf power station, was dismantled and dismantled by the Soviet occupying forces after 1945 as a reparation payment. The second, the Artur Becker Trattendorf youth power station, was built from scratch on the same site and operated until 1996.
Trattendorf large power plant (1917–1945)
In 1915, not far from the village of Trattendorf near Spremberg , the construction of a large power plant under the name Niederlausitzer Kraftwerke AG began. The large power plant was built from 1915 with the help of many prisoners of war from the First World War . When building the large Trattendorf power station, it was consciously decided not to build it in the direct vicinity of the existing coal mine as a supplier of fuel, as was previously the case, but in this case to use the natural water resource of the Spree, 4 km away, as cooling water for the condensers as a locational advantage to use. This meant that in the first stages of expansion, the otherwise necessary structural measures for the cooling towers could be dispensed with for the time being. Immediately with the construction of the power plant, the construction of the LONZA plant , the first planned large- scale buyer of the power plant, began just 200 meters away .
The fuel was supplied from the Brigitta coal mine by means of a mine train in open cars. The raw lignite was dumped on a large open space south of the power station. The capacity of this heap was around 35,000 tons of raw lignite, which corresponded to the ten-day requirement at that time. Accumulating wet ash was brought back into the mine in coal wagons following the principle of the closed cycle and filled there. With the increasing number of machine sets and boilers, it not only became logistically more difficult to carry out the ash removal via this route, but also the supply of cooling water according to the principle of continuous cooling could no longer be maintained. The problem of ash disposal was solved by a flushing pipe with which an ash-water mixture could be transported, which was then brought to an open area east of the power plant. The cooling problem could only be eliminated by building cooling towers on the northern side of the power plant. Here, too, new territory was broken, because apart from the fixtures, these did not consist of a wood-clad steel frame, as was customary up to now, but were made of solid reinforced concrete. They are still today a symbol of new and daring user technologies in reinforced concrete construction in the 1920s and 30s. A total of three cooling towers were built, each following the expansion stage of the power plant. The cooling towers were commissioned in 1926, 1927 and 1937.
The construction of the power plant took several years, as this always followed the increasing demand for electrical energy. Initially, two boiler houses A and B (with 12 and 14 steam boilers , 2 and 3 chimneys respectively ) were built. In 1917, machines 1 and 2, which together delivered 10 MW of electrical power, were able to take up power from Trattendorf. In 1922, the final expansion of boiler house A with 12 steam boilers was completed. The installed capacity increased to 50 MW. In 1923, work on boiler house B with 14 steam boilers was finished. In 1925, the first planned construction phase was completed with the commissioning of machine 7.
In 1928 the Trattendorf power plant becomes a large-scale power plant with the commissioning of machine 8 and the associated increase in the installed capacity to more than 100 MW. Also in 1928 the boiler house C was put into operation, which after its completion also had 12 steam boilers. Machine 9 was commissioned in 1929.
Since Trattendorf had been supplying electricity to the Reich capital Berlin via a connected 110 kV line since 1921 and the network to Silesia was established in 1926 , machines that were no longer economical were replaced. In 1934, machines 1 to 3 were dismantled and replaced by machine 10 with 37.5 MW. In 1937, steam boilers 7 to 9, which already had an economical mill firing system, were put into operation in boiler house C.
In 1939 there were already 620 employees in the large Trattendorf power station, which became the common name, in wages and bread. In the final expansion stage, which was reached in 1941, the total electrical output was 160.5 MW. Elektrowerke AG (EWAG) Berlin had been the owner since 1919 when the shares in Niederlausitzer Kraftwerke AG were transferred .
In its last expansion stage, the large power plant had 3 boiler houses with 9 chimneys, in which there were 28 boilers , three of which were operated with modern mill firing and 25 with grate firing. These 28 boilers in turn supplied 7 turbine sets with the required superheated steam .
The large Trattendorf power station provided uninterrupted and reliable electricity until April 19, 1945. On this day, the large power plant was shut down as planned on the instructions of the then Operations Director Leopold, as armed forces of the 1st Ukrainian Front were shortly before the city of Spremberg, which was declared a fortress . The large-scale power plant survived all subsequent acts of war completely unscathed. Recommissioning seemed only a matter of time. However, despite the order number 5 of the head of the garrison of the city of Berlin, Colonel Kotikow of May 13, 1945, this restart did not take place. In that order it said:
“ In order to improve the living conditions of the population and to establish normal work for the city's commercial enterprises, I order the directors…. "
“ To put the Trattendorf and Zschornewitz plants into operation with an output of 200,000 kV from May 1 to May 20, 1945 , and to ensure that all workers, salaried employees and all engineering staff resume their work. "
In the first few weeks after the end of the war, the electrical systems of the power plant therefore only functioned as a transformer station. In the summer of 1945, the large Trattendorf power station was confiscated by order number 124 from the Soviet military administration (SMAD) and provided as a reparation payment. All power plants were expanded by German specialists under Soviet control until the spring of 1946 and packed in boxes for removal. Contrary to the later claim that large parts of these power plants in the Leningrad area were discharged and no longer used and were scrapped, a contemporary witness came forward in 2008. He confirmed that in autumn 1946 he had seen freight wagons with the inscription Trattendorf at the freight yard in Kaunas, Lithuania . As a prisoner of war, he then unloaded these wagons himself and helped build the former Trattendorf power station in Kaunas. According to him, the first construction phase already started operating again in July 1947.
In 1942/43, with the help of prisoners of war, work began on building a second sub-plant east of the Spree. This was one of eight planned large power plants of the same type (also called unit power plant ), each with 300 MW of power, which should be provided from 4 blocks of 75 MW each. The basis for the construction was the immediate thermal power program adopted by the National Socialists , which was also called the Zschintzsch program after the then chairman of the electricity supply business group .
Technical data of the Trattendorf power plant
Overall efficiency: 16.2%
Machine systems
- Number: 10 machines
- Power:
- 2 × 5 megawatts
- 1 × 9.5 megawatts
- 3 × 15 megawatts
- 1 × 18 megawatts
- 2 × 30 megawatts
- 1 × 37.5 megawatts
- Live steam pressure: 13 to 15.5 atm
- Manufacturer: AEG , BBC, Siemens-Schuckert , Thyssen
Boiler systems
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Boiler house A
- Number: 12 boilers
- Power:
- 2 × 14.4 to 17.3 t / h
- 10 × 15 to 18 t / h
- Live steam pressure: 15–15.5 atm
- Manufacturer: Borsig , Hanomag , Steinmüller
- Commissioning: March 1917 to February 1922
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Boiler house B
- Number: 14 boilers
- Power:
- 6 × 14 to 16.4 t / h
- 8 × 14.4 to 17.3 t / h
- Live steam pressure: 15.5 atm
- Manufacturer: Hanomag, Möller , Steinmüller
- Commissioning: June 1922 to August 1923
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Boiler house C
- Number: 12 boilers
- Power:
- 5 × 45 t / h
- 1 × 70 t / h
- 3 × 75 t / h
- 3 × 110 t / h
- Live steam pressure: 16 to 17.5 atm
- Manufacturer: Borsig, Hanomag, Rota Elektrik GmbH Berlin
- Commissioning: August 1928 to November 1937
Artur Becker Trattendorf Youth Power Plant (1954–1996)
| Artur Becker Trattendorf youth power station | |||
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| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 32 '18 " N , 14 ° 23' 13" E | ||
| country | Brandenburg , Saxony | ||
| Waters | Spree | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | coal-fired power station | ||
| Primary energy | Brown coal | ||
| fuel | Brown coal (Lusatian district) | ||
| power | 450 MW (electric) | ||
| owner | LMBV | ||
| operator | LMBV | ||
| Project start | 1954 | ||
| Start of operations | 1955 | ||
| Shutdown | 1996 | ||
| turbine | Steam turbine | ||
| boiler | Natural circulation | ||
| Firing | Mill firing | ||
| Energy fed in since commissioning | 96,750 GWh | ||
| was standing | December 25, 2009 | ||
In 1952 the decision was made to build up the GDR's energy supply as planned. This also included the new or re-construction of the power plant in Trattendorf. For the construction of the Trattendorf power station, a sponsorship agreement was signed on April 28, 1954 between the Ministry of Heavy Industry and the FDJ , which declared the construction of the Trattendorf power station to be a “youth building”. In the course of the festivities for the opening of the power plant on April 29, 1959, the youth brigades of the FDJ involved in the construction were honored with the Trattendorf medal .
Plant III
The foundation stone for the Trattendorf power plant was laid on March 1, 1954 for the construction of Plant III. The name Werk III results from the fact that the remaining building shell of the high-pressure power plant on the east side of the Spree, which was started during the Second World War, was called Werk I and the extension planned for later was to be called Werk II. In the following years, however, officially there should only be the designations Werk I for the half-work on the east side of the Spree and Werk III for the half-work on the west side of the Spree. When the new construction began, the demolition of the old large power plant and the construction of the new Trattendorf power plant were close together.
Plant III was planned and built as a medium-pressure busbar power plant with seven steam generators (125 t / h) and six 25-megawatt condensation turbines. The first turbine was started using external steam from a locomotive in honor of Stalin on his birthday, December 21, 1954, at 11:27 a.m. The first network connection took place on April 7, 1955 at 10:04 p.m. Turbine 2 went into operation on June 28, 1955 and turbine 3 on October 13, 1955. The first of two erected brick chimneys with a height of 110 m was completed on May 25, 1955. The construction of Plant III was completed on December 19, 1957 with the commissioning of boiler 7. The last turbine, turbine 6, went online on October 8, 1956 (according to other information on November 20, 1956). As with the previous large power plant, the supply of raw lignite took place by means of a mine railway. However, the coal was no longer stored in a dump, but in coal bunkers. The tried and tested flushing line principle was used for ash disposal, as was the case with the old power plant. When the power plant was shut down in 1996, the ash pile was then the considerable size of 80 hectares. The significantly higher demand for service water could only be met by building a new waterworks. Three cooling towers, which were connected by Gefluder , were also newly built . In the initial phase of the operation of Plant III, however, the still existing cooling towers 1 and 3 of the old power plant continued to be used. These were included in the on-site planning of Plant III. Cooling tower 4, the first of three new cooling towers to be built, was put into operation in 1961, cooling tower 5 in 1962 and cooling tower 6 in 1967. With the full availability of these cooling towers, the two previously used cooling towers of the old large power plant were taken out of operation, but not dismantled.
With the political turnaround in the GDR, the painful cut began in Trattendorf, both in terms of staff and facilities. The hope that first arose of renewing the power plant operation with the means now available and adapting it to the new circumstances soon had to be given up. The existing boilers and machines were too ineffective, uneconomical and ultimately too costly and labor-intensive.
Attempts to continue operation by installing two new electrostatic precipitators in 1989/1990, which should enable compliance with stricter environmental regulations, failed. In 1994, boilers 6 and 7 and machines 5 and 6 were taken out of service and completely dismantled in the following weeks. In 1995, boilers 1 and 5 were taken out of service and also dismantled.
When the Trattendorf power plant was finally shut down, the boilers and machines were only running in Plant III, but this time the last ones. These were machine 1 and boiler 2. On March 30, 1996 at 10.06 a.m., machine 1 and at 11.12 a.m., boiler 2 were taken out of service.
Technical data plant III
Overall efficiency: 22.5%
Machine systems
- Manufacturer: Bergmann Borsig Berlin
- Turbine type: 6 condensing turbines
- Electrical output: 6 × 25 megawatts
- Live steam pressure: 38 bar
- Live steam temperature: 360 ° C
- Commissioning period: December 1954 to December 1956
Boiler systems
- Manufacturer: VEB Dampfkesselbau Meerane
- Fuel: raw lignite
- Quantity: 7 natural circulation kettles with 3 beater head mills each
- Output: 7 × 125 t / h
- Approval pressure: 42.5 bar
- Drum pressure: 40 bar
- Commissioning period: April 1955 to April 1958
Plant I.
In the spring of 1956, the freed specialists of the construction brigades of Plant III began with the construction of Plant II, the later actual second half of Plant I on the eastern side of the Spree. A special challenge was to integrate the existing reinforced concrete structure of the unitary power plant and the two existing chimneys into the overall concept. The newly constructed 2nd half-structure was structurally connected to the 1st half-structure. The difficulty was to fit the new boiler and machine technology into the existing building shell, but this could be solved - albeit with a lot of difficulties, strange cable routing and also some compromises.
The test run of the first machine took place on October 1, 1956. The final construction was completed on March 8, 1960 with the commissioning of steam boiler 8. At the same time, the projected total output of the Trattendorf power plant of 450 MW was achieved for the first time on this day.
In 1972/73 the steam boilers 5–8 were converted to two-fuel firing with lignite and natural gas. In 1976 and 1977 boilers 1 and 2 of Plant I were shut down due to drum damage. Since it was a Steinmüller boiler, a repair was not possible due to the prevailing currency shortage. In 1995, due to the political situation, the further gradual shutdown of Plant I. First, boilers 3 and 4 were taken out of operation and dismantled.
Technical data plant I.
Overall efficiency: 26.6%
Machine systems
- Manufacturer: Bergmann Borsig Berlin
- Turbine type: 8 condensing turbines
- Electrical power:
- 4 × 25 megawatt series turbine
- 4 × 50 megawatt downstream turbine
- Live steam pressure: 18.5 bar to 111 bar
- Live steam temperature: 410 ° C
- Commissioning period: May 1957 to January 1960
Boiler systems
- Manufacturer: Vereinigte Kesselwerke Düsseldorf Steinmüller Kessel 1 and 2, Dampfkesselbau Meerane Kessel 3–8
- Fuel: raw lignite , natural gas
- Number: 8 natural circulation boilers
- Output: 8 × 160 t / h
- Live steam pressure: 132 bar to 136 bar
- Commissioning period: July 1958 to March 1960
operator
Initially the operator was VEB Energieversorgung Cottbus . In 1963 the power plant becomes independent as "VEB Kraftwerke Artur Becker Trattendorf"; from 1980 onwards, however, as a result of the decision to form combines, it was assigned to the Schwarze Pump gas combine . In 1990 this became Energiewerke Schwarze Pump AG (ESPAG) and in 1993 Lausitzer Braunkohle AG (LAUBAG) .
After the shutdown of the power plant, the LMBV took over the remaining administration.
General
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- For the construction of the Trattendorf power plant, 93,000 cubic meters of earth had to be excavated and 32,000 cubic meters of concrete rubble and 124,000 cubic meters of bricks from the old plant had to be removed. Around 16 million bricks, 170,000 cubic meters of concrete and 44,000 tons of cement were then used for the new building.
- September 3, 1954, cooling tower fire in Plant III. The cooling tower number 2 that has been preserved from the large power plant burns out completely. All wooden fixtures are destroyed. The cooling tower itself is retained.
- October 13, 1954, the first issue of the company newspaper Unser Kraftwerk appears.
- In recognition of the achievements, the Trattendorf power plant was awarded the medal “For outstanding achievements in the five-year plan ” after the first grid connection .
- In 1957, the construction of the new Spremberg-Süd district began in the immediate vicinity of the Trattendorf power plant. Crèches, 3 kindergartens, 2 schools and the city's first department store were built . All apartments were equipped with district heating, which was supplied from the power plant.
- On September 1, 1958, polytechnic training for schoolchildren began at the Trattendorf power station. The first 28 students come from the " Rosa Luxemburg Oberschule" Spremberg.
- On April 29, 1959, the Trattendorf power plant was given the honorary name “Jugendkraftwerk Trattendorf Artur Becker ”, which was then also the official name for the power plant.
- In 1960, a 1.2-hectare greenhouse complex, the so-called vegetable combine , was built near the power plant, which was heated with the waste heat from the power plant.
- In 1961, an ore-coal freighter belonging to the Rostock shipping company is named Trattendorf . On the occasion of this christening, a long-term sponsorship relationship develops between the crew of the ship and the workforce of the power plant. A corresponding sponsorship agreement was concluded in 1967.
- In 1963 the youth power station Trattendorf Artur Becker becomes VEB Kraftwerke Artur Becker Trattendorf . The Trattendorf power plant now includes the Finkenheerd and Lauta company vocational schools , the Lauta , Plessa and Finkenheerd power plants and the central repair department in Lauta.
- 1963 Opening of the "Kraftwerk Trattendorf" operating museum
- In 1964, a former training workshop is converted into the Artur Becker cultural center and used by the power plant .
- In 1969 the Trattendorf power plant reached its highest annual electricity generation with 3294.2 GWh of generated electrical energy.
- From 1978 Plant I of the Trattendorf power plant supplied the Sprela plant in Spremberg with district heating. It was also possible, to a small extent, to supply the town of Spremberg with heat via the forming station.
- February 9, 1979 Conclusion of a sponsorship agreement with a unit of the 14th Panzer Regiment " Karol Świerczewski " from Spremberg.
- In 1983 a sheltered workshop for employing disabled people is set up in the power station.
- On April 27, 1984, the Trattendorf power plant received the Artur Becker honorary banner from the 1st Secretary of the Central Council of the FDJ, Eberhard Aurich .
- At the end of 1987, the Trattendorf power plant had 288 company apartments.
- In 1989 the power plant had a workforce of 2,100.
- In June 1991 the workforce was 1046, which should be reduced to 964 by the end of the year through age transition and dismissal.
- On March 30, 1996, with the decommissioning of turbine 1 and boiler 2 of Plant III, the Trattendorf power plant is shut down.
- With the re-establishment of federal states on the territory of the GDR on October 14, 1990, the Trattendorf power plant was now partially (Plant I) in Saxony and Brandenburg (Plant III and administration building).
- LMBV's plans to use the fallow land to build a photovoltaic system were implemented in 2010.
- On October 14, 2015, there was a fire in the unused building of the former engine workshop, in which the building was significantly damaged.
Reuse
After the shutdown, work began on dismantling existing power plants. All structures on the east bank of the Spree (Plant I) have disappeared. Today (January 2013) only the buildings of the main workshop, the former engine workshop and the former mechanical workshop in the Brandenburg area (Plant III) remain, although only the mechanical workshop is currently in use.
Initial concepts of the city of Spremberg to set up residential property and business on the site were discarded. Rather, in 2010 they began to use the vacant space as a solar park. The Zerre solar park was built on an area of approx. 18 hectares , which bears the name of the neighboring Saxon town of Zerre in the Spreetal community . By far the largest part of the solar park is located east of the Spree and thus on Saxon territory.
Seven separate sub-parks were created in eight months of construction, which together have a maximum possible output of 8 MWp. 40,000 solar modules were installed on a wooden stand construction. The planning and construction of the system were the responsibility of German Solar AG from Unterschleißheim .
swell
- Christian Bedeschinski: The lignite power stations around Spremberg. 2009
- Trattendorf power station 1915–1996. LMBV , 1996.
- Dieter Albert, Frank Schumann: Electricity from the heath. Young World Publishing House, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7302-0466-1 .
- 1915–1995 80 years of the Trattendorf power plant. In: Local calendar of the city of Spremberg and the surrounding area 1995.
Web links
- Spremberg info: Timetable for the Trattendorf power plant
- Ostkohle.de: Trattendorf power plant
- Trattendorf power plant 1915–1996: PDF file brochure of the LMBV
Individual evidence
- ↑ Spremberg-Info.de: Timeline power plant Trattendorf
- ↑ Wilfried Theile: The cooling towers of Trattendorf. Milestones in reinforced concrete construction. In: Bauzeitung. 52 (1998) No. 1/2, ISSN 0005-6871 , pp. 76-78.
- ↑ Ostkohle.de: Kraftwerk Trattendorf.
- ↑ Heinz Kockrick: Lausitz power plant in Lithuania. Supplement Lausitzer Rundschau, September 18, 2008
- ^ Hitler's commissioners: "Special powers in the National Socialist dictatorship" by Rüdiger Hachtmann, Winfried Süß, ISBN 978-3-8353-0086-6 , p. 156.
- ↑ Trattendorf power plant shut down. Text archive of the Berliner Zeitung, April 1, 1996
- ↑ KONTAKT company newspaper, June 28, 1991
- ↑ Solar park instead of brown coal ( Memento of the original from January 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
