Spremberg

This article deals with the city of Spremberg; for further meanings, see Spremberg (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 34 '  N , 14 ° 23'  E
Basic data
State :	Brandenburg
County :	Spree-Neisse
Height :	97 m above sea level NHN
Area :	202.3 km 2
Residents:	21,998 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	109 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	03130
Primaries :	03563, 03564 (Black Pump), 035698 (Hornow, Wadelsdorf)
License plate :	SPN, FOR, GUB, SPB
Community key :	12 0 71 372
City administration address :	Am Markt 1 03130 Spremberg
Website :	www.spremberg.de
Mayoress :	Christine Herntier (independent)
Location of the city of Spremberg in the Spree-Neisse district

Spremberg - pearl of Lusatia

Spremberg , in Lower Sorbian Grodk , is a town in the Brandenburg district of Spree-Neisse . According to known sources, Spremberg was first mentioned in 1301. The city is a local center in the Sorbian settlement area in the south of Niederlausitz , the fifth largest city and officially bilingual.

The Spremberg writer Erwin Strittmatter described the place names in his novel The Shop as follows: “Grodk is in the valley, say the Sorbs . Spremberg is on the mountain, say the Germans. Spree am Berg is like Spremberg. Grodk equals town, say the Sorbs, we'll be here longer like the Deitschen. "

Since August 8, 2013, the city has had the additional official designation “Pearl of Lusatia - parlicka Łužyce”. This designation is not part of the official name, so that the official name is still only Spremberg / Grodk. However, it can be attached to the entrance signs.

geography

Geographical location

The city is located about 20 km south of Cottbus on the border with the Saxon district of Bautzen . The old town lies in a meadow landscape between two arms of the Spree on an island. The Spree flows through the middle of the city, which has a recreational area in the immediate vicinity with the Spremberg dam . Two bodies of water, the Kochsa and the Hühnerwasser , have their source in the municipality.

Today Spremberg is located in the far east of Germany, 25 kilometers from the Polish border. Between 1871 and 1918 the place was considered the geographical center of the German Empire ; A memorial stone provides information about this, which is only a few meters from the original location.

Neighboring communities

The following municipalities border the city of Spremberg, starting from the north, in a clockwise direction: Neuhausen / Spree , Felixsee , the Saxon municipalities Runde and Spreetal as well as the Brandenburg towns of Welzow and Drebkau .

City structure

The urban area has changed again and again over the years due to incorporations. These were not only the result of the growing together of the suburban settlements with the actual urban area, but also resulted from the fact that villages around Spremberg were repeatedly destroyed by the advancing mining industry.

City area Spremberg with location and municipality part identification

In 1993, the Spremberg district was dissolved in its former form and merged with the Forst , Guben and Cottbus-Land districts in the new Spree-Neisse district . Forst (Lausitz) became the new district town .

Since January 1st, 2016 Spremberg has fourteen districts, two municipalities and 22 residential spaces (population as of January 1st, 2020):

• Cantdorf , (Sorbian Konopotna ) with the residential area Wilhelmsthal (Wylemojce) : 362 inhabitants
• Graustein (Syjk) with the residential areas expansion north (Pódpołnocne Wutwaŕki) , expansion south (Pódpołdnjowe Wutwaŕki) : 340 inhabitants
• Groß Luja (Łojow) : 262 inhabitants
• Haidemühl (Gózdź) : 603 inhabitants
• Hornow (Lěšće) with the residential area Hornow-Vorwerk (Lěšćański Forwark) : 401 inhabitants
• Lieskau (Lěsk) : 225 inhabitants
• Schönheide (Prašyjca) : 96 inhabitants
• Black Pump (Carna Plumpa) : 1,859 inhabitants
• Sellessen (Zelezna) with the municipal parts Bühlow (Běła) and Muckrow (Mokra) : 819 inhabitants
• Terpe (Terpje) with the residential area Terpe Expansion (Terpjańske Wutwaŕki) : 264 inhabitants
• Trattendorf (Dubrawa) with residential area Obertrattendorf (Górna Dubrawa) : 1,915 inhabitants
• Türkendorf (Zakrjow) with the extension of the Turkish village (Zakrjojske Wutwaŕki) : 117 inhabitants
• Wadelsdorf (Zakrjejc) with extension of the municipality (Wutwaŕki) : 164 inhabitants
• Weskow (Wjaska) : 830 inhabitants

The core city Spremberg include Places: expansion Kirschberg (Wutwaŕki psi Wišnjowej GORJE), black grouse (Brezan), George Berg (Jurowa Góra), Heinrich field (Senki), Klein Buckow (Bukowk) Kochendorf (Kochanojce) Oberteschnitz (Górne Tešnice), pulse Berg (Lutoboŕ), Slamen (Słomjeń), Slamen brickworks (Słomjeńska Cyglownja), suburban settlement (Pód Městom), Unterteschnitz (Dolne Tešnice), forest chateau (Lĕsny Grodk) and vineyards (Winice).

At today's city district of Spremberg were the devastated by the brown coal mining villages United Buckow , Jessen , Radeweise , Roitz , Stradow , Straußdorf , clouds Mountain and the outworks or residential places Gribona , Dollan , Joseph Brunn , Kutzermühle , Pardutz and Topferschanke .

history

Spremberg city center, mid-19th century

Spremberg was first mentioned in 1301. Although the city of Spremberg is likely to be much older, there are no more reliable records about it. Investigations in the urban area, however, allow the conclusion that there were settlements and buildings much earlier in the central urban area, in the area of ​​today's Kreuzkirche.

The first owner of the Spremberg estate is a Wettin from the Landsberg branch , who was probably later named after his seat from Sprewenberc .

On August 3, 1301, the town and castle Spremberg were first mentioned in a purchase agreement between the Thuringian Landgrave Dietrich the Younger and the Archbishop of Magdeburg Burchard II von Blankenburg . This certificate with the unbroken impression of the seal ring is in the Bohemian Crown Archives in Prague . It bears the description “S. THEODERICUS THE YOUNGER, BY THE GRACE OF GOD, LANDCOUNT OF THURINGIA AND MARGRAVE OF THE EAST AND OF LUSACIA ”.

→ Main article : Reign of Spremberg

The town and castle Spremberg are referred to in this document as "oppidum et castrum Sprewenberch". Other sources speak of a first mention around 1200, when " Wygbilde vnde Hus tzu Sprewenberg" was mentioned in a sales contract . In 1349, the noble family von Schwarzburg-Wachsenburg became the new owners of the town and the Spremberg Castle. In 1360 Emperor Charles IV bought Spremberg Castle from the Schwarzburgers. In 1395, Johann von Görlitz , son of Charles IV, pledged the Spremberg castle and estate to Otto von Kittlitz. In 1497 the Lower Lusatian bailiff Heinrich Reuss von Plauen and Burgrave of Meißen bought the Spremberg estate from the von Kittlitz family .

According to data from the Society for Leprology a medieval existed in Spremberg since the 15th century leprosarium , which was located "in front of the Forster gate" and was also known as Hospital. The associated chapel was dedicated to St. George, the building was demolished in 1970.

On June 3, 1556, the first big city fire broke out, with the city being almost completely destroyed due to the dense development at the time. In 1567 Hofrat Kaspar Minkwitz von Minkwitzburg / Drehna bought the Spremberg rule from Bailiff Bohuslav Felix von Lobkowitz and Hassenstein , and in 1584 the von Kittlitz family acquired the Spremberg rule again through Karl von Kittlitz (1535–1598).

Market square with Forster Strasse 1918

On August 24, 1604 there was the second big fire in Spremberg; He fell victim to both churches, the town hall and more than 200 houses. In 1626 the plague raged in Spremberg. During the Thirty Years War Spremberg was attacked, besieged and sacked by Swedish troops in 1642. On October 18, 1646 there was another big fire in the city, in the course of which the town hall and 185 houses were destroyed again. In 1671, through the marriage of the von Kittlitz family, Spremberg came into the possession of Count Carl Moritz von Redern . In 1671 the fourth big city fire raged in Spremberg, again 200 houses burned down. In 1676, the Spremberg City Council issued a police ordinance in which every citizen was required to protect against fire.

In 1680 Spremberg was ravaged by the plague again, the number of 480 deaths made up about half of the population at that time.

In 1680, the town and castle changed hands again. The new owner was Duke Christian I of Saxe-Merseburg , who later assigned Spremberg to his later son Heinrich von Sachsen-Merseburg as his residence. On July 30, 1705 there was the fifth and last big fire in Spremberg. Again, almost the entire residential area and both churches were destroyed. On July 28, 1738, due to the death of Duke Heinrich von Sachsen-Merseburg, the last male descendant of the Sachsen-Merseburg branch line, the Duchy of Sachsen-Merseburg and with it the margraviate of Lower Lusatia fell to the Electorate of Saxony .

On August 3, 1815 Friedrich Wilhelm III. through the Peace of Vienna new ruler of Lower Lusatia. Spremberg came to the Prussian province of Brandenburg and became the district town of the Spremberg district , which in 1952, changed slightly, was transferred to the Spremberg district and existed until 1993 before it was incorporated into the Spree-Neisse district.

In 1893 the city of Spremberg celebrated the millennium of its founding on the basis of the false assumption that the city was founded in 893 by Emperor Arnulf . Although the mistake was noticed before the actual celebrations, the party continued. The real reason for this false millennium was many years ago. In 1613 the city had a historian named Abraham Hoßmann draw up a report on the city's age. Hoßmann claimed that the city was founded in 893 by Emperor Arnulf, which he could prove by a Burgundian chronicle in his possession. After Hoßmann's death, however, it turned out that this chronicle never existed and that the city and many other cities had fallen for a swindler.

In order to better connect the extra-urban train station on the Berlin – Görlitz line with the city center, which opened in 1867, the city built a connecting line in 1897. The Spremberger Stadtbahn ceased operations in 1956.

According to calculations by the geographer Matzat, Spremberg was the geographical center of the German Empire from 1871 to 1920 .

With the decree of the Upper President of the Province of Brandenburg of July 31, 1936 Spremberg was entitled to use the designation "District Town" for the duration of its capacity as the seat of the district administration. On July 13, 1936, a corresponding coat of arms was awarded for this.

Market square with town hall and Kreuzkirche

On April 20, 1945, Soviet troops of the 24th Rifle Corps (Major General Onuprijenko), the 33rd Guards Rifle Corps of the 1st Ukrainian Front (Lieutenant General Lebedenko) and the 95th Guards Rifle Division captured after thirty minutes of bombardment from 1,247 gun barrels of every caliber after stubborn defense by German troops, which consisted of the 344th Infantry Division (Major General Erwin Jolasse), the 10th SS Panzer Division (Brigade Leader Heinz Hamel), the Führer Accompanying Division ( Major General Ernst Remer ) and a Volkssturm battalion with around 300 men, Fortress declared city of Spremberg. The defending German units were enclosed in a cauldron northwest of Spremberg in Kochsdorf. On the night of April 21, the trapped units of the 10th SS Panzer Division were able to break out of the pocket to the west. The remaining German troops pursuing them followed laden with wounded and civilians. In Kausche , only a few kilometers away , it was again encircled by the Red Army. There were around 20,000 German soldiers and civilians in the Kausche pocket . 5000 German soldiers, approx. 600 Red Army soldiers and an unknown number of civilians lost their lives in the outbreak to the west.

Almost 70% of the city center was destroyed in the last days of the war. According to contemporary witnesses, many buildings in the city center were not destroyed by direct fighting, but only by subsequent arson . There are no reliable figures on the losses in the civilian population.

In 1950 and 1952 administrative area reforms were carried out in the GDR and in Brandenburg , which resulted in an increase in the area of the Spremberg district , which had existed since 1815 . The Spremberg district, which existed from 1952, belonged to the Cottbus district until 1990 . In 1971, after the false millennium in 1893, Spremberg celebrated the seven-centenary of the city's founding, which was also wrongly assumed.

On October 28, 1989, there was also a peaceful demonstration in Spremberg for political change . The first free local elections took place on May 6, 1990 . Until October 2, 1990, the city was garrison of the 14th tank regiment " Karol Swierczewski " (part of the 7th Panzer Division of the NVA ), which was taken over by the Bundeswehr on October 3, 1990 . On June 18, 1992, the last roll call to close the Spremberg location took place.

On December 6, 1993, the Spremberg district was assigned to the newly created Spree-Neisse district . By decree of the Brandenburg Minister of the Interior, Spremberg received the status of a town belonging to the middle district with effect from January 1, 2006 .

On July 5 and 6, 2014, Spremberg hosted the 14th Brandenburg Day under the motto “The Pearl of Lusatia” , which was attended by around 80,000 visitors.

Incorporations

In 1946 six places were incorporated. This was followed by Jessen (1972), Pulsberg (1974), Roitz (1978), Groß Buckow and Stradow (1984), Radeweise-Straussdorf (1986), Klein Buckow (1987) and Wolkenberg (1991). In 1998, Schwarze Pump and Sellessen were incorporated, as well as four more communities in 2002 ( Graustein , Groß Luja , Lieskau , Türkendorf ). The last incorporation for the time being took place on January 1, 2016 with Hornow-Wadelsdorf , which now form the independent districts of Hornow and Wadelsdorf.

Former parish	date	annotation
Bühlow	1st January 1974	Incorporation after Sellessen
Cantdorf	January 1, 1946
Gray stone	December 31, 2002
Great Buckow	January 1, 1984
Big Luja	December 31, 2002
Haidemühl	January 1, 2006	Relocation site
Heinrichsfeld	January 1, 1946
Hornow-Wadelsdorf	January 1, 2016	2002 Merger of Hornow and Wadelsdorf
Jessen	January 1, 1972
Klein Buckow	January 1, 1987
Kochsdorf	January 1, 1946
Lieskau	December 31, 2002
Muckrow	October 1, 1938	Incorporation after Sellessen
Pulsberg	1st January 1974
By bike	January 1, 1967	Merger with Straussdorf to form Radeweise-Straussdorf
Radeweise-Straussdorf	January 1, 1986
Roitz	May 1, 1978
Schönheide	1st January 1974	Incorporation after Graustein
Black pump	September 27, 1998
Sellessen	September 27, 1998	with the inhabited parts of the community Bühlow and Muckrow
Slamen	January 1, 1946
Stradow	January 1, 1984
Straussdorf	January 1, 1967	Merger with Radeweise to Radeweise-Straussdorf
Terpe	September 27, 1998	at the same time outsourced from Black Pump
Trattendorf	January 1, 1946
Turkish village	December 31, 2002
Weskov	January 1, 1946
Wolkenberg	January 1, 1991

Place name

Spremberg lies on the Spree, which according to competing assumptions is consistently reflected in the front part of the city name. While the rear one is supposed to be derived from a nearby hill according to obvious assumptions, like "Spree am Berg", other assumptions assume that it must come from the Wendish word Grodk (formerly also Grod ) - which means little castle . In the course of time, "Spreeburg" and later "Spremberg" should have developed from this. Another explanation is that the city of Spremberg was on an island and the name "Spreeberg", "Spreeburg" a small hill from the Spree, which at that time carried much more water and the city was already a castle or fortress can be derived from the Spree .

The place name of the Brandenburg town Spremberg in Niederlausitz is sometimes confused with the smaller Spree town Neusalza-Spremberg in Upper Lusatia and vice versa.

Population development

Population development of Spremberg from 1875 to 2017 according to the adjacent table

date Residents December 1, 1875 10,441 December 1, 1890 10,591 December 1, 1910 11,706 June 16, 1925 12,726 June 16, 1933 13,375 May 17, 1939 13,945 October 29, 1946 17,498 August 31, 1950 18,400 December 31, 1964 23,443 1st January 1971 22,871 December 31, 1981 23,299

date Residents December 31, 1985 24,663 December 31, 1989 24,547 3rd October 1990 24,262 December 31, 1991 23,846 December 31, 1992 23,505 December 31, 1993 23,592 December 31, 1994 23,628 December 31, 1995 23,297 December 31, 1996 23,393 December 31, 1997 23,315 December 31, 1998 26,646

date Residents December 31, 1999 26,463 December 31, 2000 26,230 December 31, 2001 25,788 December 31, 2002 26,732 December 31, 2003 26,453 December 31, 2004 26,348 December 31, 2005 26,416 December 31, 2006 25,952 December 31, 2007 25,484 December 31, 2008 25,050 December 31, 2009 24,718

date Residents December 31, 2010 24,373 December 31, 2011 22,773 December 31, 2012 22,618 December 31 2013 22,431 December 31, 2014 22,326 December 31, 2015 22,818 December 31, 2016 22,750 December 31, 2017 22,456 December 31, 2018 22,175 December 31, 2019 21,998

Territory of the respective year, population from 2011 based on the 2011 census

The decrease in the number of inhabitants between 1989 and 2017 by only 2,091 people can be explained by the fact that numerous municipalities were incorporated into municipalities during this period (see sections on incorporations and urban structure). The core town of Spremberg (territorial status 1989) had a population of around 17,200 in 2017, so it decreased by around 7,300 between 1989 and 2017.

religion

Evangelical Resurrection Church

• Evangelical cross parish Spremberg
• Evangelical Michael Church Parish Spremberg
• Evangelical Resurrection Congregation Spremberg
• Evangelical Free Church Congregation of the Baptists / Spremberg
• Regional Church Community Spremberg
• Catholic parish of St. Benno Spremberg
• New Apostolic Church, Spremberg congregation
• Apostle ministry of Jesus Christ, the Spremberg community
• Evangelical parish loop
• Evangelical parishes of Graustein and Groß Luja

politics

City Council

Local elections 2019

Turnout: 58.9% (2014: 44.4%)

 %

30th

20th

10

0

26.6%

25.0%

11.8%

10.7%

10.1%

8.1%

3.0%

2.4%

1.9%

AfD

CDU

left

SPD

DNG ^e

UWG ^f

BS ^g

Green

FDP

Gains and losses

compared to 2014

 % p

 30th

 25th

 20th

 15th

 10

   5

   0

  -5

-10

+ 26.6  % p.p.

-5.0  % p

-5.8  % p

-3.8  % p

-0.9  % p

+ 8.1  % p.p.

-0.3  % p

+ 2.4  % p

+1.9  % p

AfD

CDU

left

SPD

DNG ^e

UWG ^f

BS ^g

Green

FDP

Remarks:

^e group of voters The Next Generation

^f Voting group Independent voter community

^g Fire protection voters group

^j Individual applicants 0.3%, not selected (not shown in the graphic)

In addition to the full-time mayor, the city council of Spremberg consists of 26 city councilors, who will be distributed among the individual parties and groups of voters following the local elections on May 26, 2019 :

Party / group of voters	Seats
CDU	7th
AfD	5
The left	3
SPD	3
The next generation	3
Independent voter community	2
Fire protection voters group	1
Alliance 90 / The Greens	1
FDP	1

The AfD had seven seats, two of which remained vacant because the party had only nominated five candidates.

In Brandenburg, every voter has three votes in local elections, which he can distribute among the applicants for a nomination or different nominations.

The AfD received 8,803 votes in the local elections, making it the strongest force in the city council for the first time. Their top candidate Michael Hanko received 4,610 votes. The top candidate of the left achieved the second best result with 1,992 votes.

Also represented in the city parliament for the first time is a candidate from the Greens who received 797 votes. The FDP is also represented again, with 336 votes.

At the first constituent meeting of the newly elected city councilors on June 19, 2019, several parties and alliances came together as the AfD entered the city council for the first time. The CDU parliamentary group was joined by a member of the FDP and a member of the “Independent Voting Community” (UWG), making it the strongest force in parliament. The second member of the UWG joined the voting group “The Next Generation”. This dichotomy is so far unique in the Spremberg city council. The reason for this is that the elected top candidate of the UWG decided at short notice not to accept his mandate and the next candidate is more likely to be of the younger generation in terms of age and wants to act independently of parties. Furthermore, the parliamentary groups of the SPD, Die Linken and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen joined forces and are now the second strongest force in the city parliament with a total of 7 seats. The voter group “The Next Generation” was joined by a member of the UWG and a representative of the fire protection group. This means that the voting group “The Next Generation” has 5 seats, as does the AfD parliamentary group.

Composition of the city council

• CDU / FDP / UWG: 9 seats
• Die Linke - SPD - Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen: 7 seats
• AfD: 5 seats
• The next generation / fire protection / UWG: 5 seats

Mayor from 1990

→ Main article : List of mayors of Spremberg

The full-time mayor is elected for a period of eight years in accordance with Section 74 (1) of the Brandenburg Local Election Act.

Term of office	mayor	comment
June 1990 - May 2002	Egon Wochatz (CDU)
May 2002 - October 2013	Klaus-Peter Schulze (CDU)	elected to the German Bundestag on September 22, 2013
October 2013 - December 2013	Christina Schönherr ( independent )	provisional from October 9, 2013 to December 31, 2013
January 2014	Frank Kulik (independent)	provisionally from January 1, 2014 to January 31, 2014
since February 2014	Christine Herntier (independent)	Winner of the runoff election with 61.8% on January 26, 2014 against Hartmut Höhna (CDU), who achieved 38.2%. He took office on February 3, 2014.

• Klaus-Peter Schulze was officially in office until October 8, 2013. As a result of his election to the German Bundestag via a direct mandate won in the Bundestag election in 2013, Christina Schönherr took over the office as deputy mayor with effect from October 13, 2013.
• On December 31, 2013, when she started her partial retirement , Christina Schönherr handed over the official duties of the incumbent mayor to the head of the department for order and security, Frank Kulik, who carried out these duties until a new full-time mayor was elected on January 26, 2014.

coat of arms

Spremberg coat of arms

The coat of arms was on 11./17. Approved August 2004.

Blazon : “In silver on a green three-mountain, two red, brick-built tin towers with two black windows; between them a red triangular shield, covered with a gold-armored, -tongued and -crowned, double-tailed silver lion, on it a golden helmet with a black flight, sprinkled with fallen golden linden leaves. "

The origin of the Spremberg city coat of arms cannot be clearly determined. There are no records or documents about the exact origin. The elements used in the coat of arms suggest that it originated in the second half of the 14th century. The city coat of arms was changed several times, but was retained in the original design features.

The two red tin towers on a white background on the right and left in the coat of arms indicate watchtowers, which speaks for the city wall with city gates typical of the Middle Ages. The three green hills in the lower area indicate the scenic location of the city in the valley, surrounded by green hills. The red triangular shield inclined to the left in the middle between the towers, which shows a rising white, double-tailed lion, represents the Bohemian heraldic lion . This symbolizes the rule of the King of Bohemia over the city of Spremberg from 1368 to 1422. The helmet above indicates that the city previously belonged to the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

The city colors of Spremberg are red-white-green from left to right. They are derived from the colors of Lower Lusatia, red and white, which have been in use since 1635 .

In 1930 the Heroldsamt in Berlin determined the colors and design of the coat of arms. The coat of arms was redesigned by the heraldist Frank Diemar .

Official seal

The city of Spremberg has official seals in the sizes 13 mm, 20 mm and 35 mm. In the middle of the official seal is the city coat of arms. The names of the city and the district to which the city belongs are written in capital letters around the coat of arms .

The mayor reserves the right to use the official seal. He can commission other civil servants and employees to maintain the official seal, whereby the official seals are then numbered with consecutive Arabic numerals .

flag

The flag of the city of Spremberg is three-stripe red-white-green with the city coat of arms covering the median. The red stripe is at the top of the flagpole, with pennants on the left.

Town twinning

• Grand Forks in Canada (since June 3, 1999)
• Szprotawa in Poland (since June 12, 1999)
• Zheleznogorsk in the Russian Federation , Kursk Oblast (since April 29, 2016)

Sights and culture

Heimatfest 2007

Festival of lights in Spremberg

Historic city center

The historic old town center of Spremberg is narrowly located on the Spree island in the city center. The stock of historical buildings has been impaired and reduced again and again in the past centuries by several city fires, wars and, most recently, by the failure to secure and renovate during the GDR era. In 1988/1989, entire streets in the old town, for example in Töpferstrasse, were demolished and replaced by prefabricated buildings on the basis of the socialist housing program.

Kreuzkirche

Cross Church Spremberg

The Evangelical Kreuzkirche is a late Gothic three-aisled brick hall church, which is assumed to be built in 1509. This assumption is based on the year carved into a pillar of the apse . The Kreuzkirche is a successor building, partly built on the foundations of a late Romanesque predecessor building. However, this church building was much smaller. As a result, the design and construction of the oldest components of the current church have features from the 13th and 14th centuries.

The church tower was erected as a free-standing single structure right next to the previous building. This can be seen in the walled-up windows and openings in the north and south-east. The church tower has a wall thickness of about 2.6 meters in its lower area. On August 21, 1604, the church burned down completely in a town fire. In 1660 Seyfried von Kittlitz donated the still existing altar. The octagonal baroque church tower tower was built in its current form in 1732 after its predecessor fell victim to the great city fire of July 30, 1705. Duke Heinrich von Sachsen-Merseburg assumed the costs as the patron saint of the church at the time.

The exterior of the church has been changed several times over the years. From 1731 to 1734 the church was repaired inside and out and the entire building was plastered gray. On June 9, 1735, the church and steeple were badly damaged by lightning. In 1897/1898, on the basis of a “restoration draft”, the church was completely renovated and partially rebuilt and the original brick look was restored by removing the plaster that had been applied during the previous general renovation. The church survived the fighting around Spremberg on April 20, 1945 relatively unscathed. Nevertheless, there was damage to the nave and church tower. In the following years, necessary repairs were only carried out temporarily due to the shortage of materials.

Construction investigations in 1996 and 1997 showed that large parts of the church and the steeple were in a desolate condition. From 1997 to 2001 the church building was therefore subjected to a general renovation. Since May 1, 2002, a tower room built in 1736 at the instigation of Duke Heinrich von Sachsen-Merseburg in the upper area of ​​the church tower, which was originally intended as a living room for the tower guard, has been made available for special occasions.

The organ of the Kreuzkirche was built in 1898 by the organ builder Wilhelm Sauer (Frankfurt / Oder). In 1971 the disposition was changed. The cone shop instrument is equipped with barker machines and has 30 stops on two manuals and a pedal . The game actions are mechanical, the stop actions pneumatic.

Disposition of the organ from 1904 (steel hat)
I main work C – f 3 Drone 16 ' Principal 8th' flute 8th' Gemshorn 8th' Dumped 8th' octave 4 ' Transverse flute 4 ' Fifth 2 2 / 3 ' octave 2 ' third 1 3 / 5 ' Mixture III-IV Trumpet 8th'	II breastwork C – f 3 Dumped 8th' Willow pipe 8th' Principal 4 ' flute 4 ' octave 2 ' Forest flute 2 ' Fifth 1 1 / 3 ' Seventh 1 1 / 7 ' octave 1' Scharff III	Pedal C – d 1 Principal 16 ' Sub-bass 16 ' Fifth bass 10 2 / 3 ' Octave bass 8th' Bass flute 8th' Chorale bass 4 ' Octave 2 ' trombone 16 ' Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P Playing aids : Fixed combinations (mf, f, tutti), Calcant

Wendish Church

Parish hall

The parish hall of the Kreuzkirche is located on the church square north of the Kreuzkirche. Originally there was a "Sorbian Country Church", which was also called the Wendish Church, which was destroyed on June 30, 1705 by the great city fire. This church was built in 1676 at the expense of Ursula von Kittlitz , as there was no church for Sorbian Christians in the neighboring villages. The successor building, for which the foundation stone was laid on July 30, 1710, was characterized by considerable financial worries, so that it was not completed until 1735. In April 1834 this successor building had to be demolished because of the acute danger of collapse.

In 1835 a new building was erected in the classicist style, with its northern front partly on the foundations of the former city wall. The plans come from Karl Friedrich Schinkel . His plans for a standard church in Prussia serve as evidence.

In 1901 the church was completed with the installation of an organ by the court organ builder Wilhelm Sauer .

In 1966, the Wendish Church was converted into a parish hall by installing a false ceiling. There is now a church service hall on the upper floor, while numerous community rooms are available in the basement.

In 1993/1994 the parish hall was extensively renovated taking into account the designs by Schinkel.

Evangelical Resurrection Church

→ Main article : Pritzen village church

The Evangelical Church of the Resurrection in Spremberg was once the medieval village church of the village of Pritzen near Altdöbern , twenty kilometers away , which in 1988 had to give way to the advancing open- cast lignite mine in Greifenhain . The culturally and historically valuable church was saved thanks to the commitment of monument protectionists and members of the church, despite the decided devastation of the place. Beginning in the spring of 1988, the church was dismantled in accordance with monument preservation aspects and temporarily stored near Vetschau .

After many discussions about a new location, it was finally possible to agree on a location in Spremberg in the immediate vicinity of the forest cemetery. The Pritzen church was the first and only of its kind in the former GDR that could be preserved despite the intended devastation of the place. In December 1991, the reconstruction began at the new location and on Easter Monday , April 4, 1994, the former Pritzen village church was inaugurated as the Evangelical Resurrection Church Spremberg.

Catholic Church of St. Benno

The Catholic Church of St. Benno is a simple neo-Gothic brick building from the second half of the 19th century. The interior has been redesigned several times and today only shows an appearance largely from the construction period from the outside.

Sunday house

Oldest residential building

The oldest residential building in Spremberg is located northwest of the Kreuzkirche on Burgstrasse. In common parlance , this house is called "Sonntagsches Haus" after its last occupant, Ms. Sonntag. It is a simple half-timbered building that was built before the great city fire in 1705 and remained intact. There have been no major changes to the house since 1705.

When the wood was examined in 1993, the year of construction was determined to be 1580. However, it can be assumed that the house was partly renovated in its more than 400 year old history (probably between 1650 and 1700 after the Thirty Years War). The oldest wall (gable wall on the east side), from which the examined beam came, is built using the clay peg construction. In the other outer walls, the ground floor is solidly bricked and the compartments on the upper floor are filled with bricks. The inner courtyard of the house adjoining to the north is located directly on the former city ​​wall , which surrounded the entire city center.

After 1990, the then Spremberg district acquired the house and began the first security and renovation measures in 1992. One of the first measures was to remove the plaster that was applied in the 19th century in order to make the framework visible again. The poor condition of the wood became evident. In extensive renovation work, the half-timbering was partially renewed on the south side and completely renewed on the west and north side including the bay window. A 19th century annex in the courtyard was demolished. Unfortunately, the renovation work was stopped in 1994 before work on the inside of the house had started. The main reason is considered to be the effects of the district reform and the related financing issue. It was not possible to use it as an exhibition space at the start of the renovation with the existing renovation status.

In 1997, the new Spree-Neisse district renewed the courtyard wall due to the risk of collapse and took the opportunity to demolish the outbuildings in the courtyard (stable and shed). After several changes of ownership, during which no further security measures were taken, in 2012 a community of interests, Sonntagsches Haus Spremberg , acquired the building, which was in need of renovation after almost twenty years of vacancy . This community of interests, sonntagsches-haus.de, has set itself the goal of carefully renovating the house and its inner courtyard according to historical and structural aspects and making them accessible to the public. On December 7, 2013, the public was able to visit the house for the first time on the open day .

On August 28, 2014, the commitment of the community of interests was recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Infrastructure of the State of Brandenburg as part of the 5th downtown competition Altstadthelden searched with a material prize of 4,000 euros.

Many of the buildings in the historic city center are on Langen Strasse, starting at the market with the Spremberg town hall.

town hall

town hall

The town hall was repeatedly affected or completely destroyed by devastating city fires. Little is known about previous buildings before the great city fire of 1705. What is certain is that the proportions of the previous building roughly corresponded to the current building. The town hall was rebuilt in 1706 as a new, towerless building in the Baroque style. In 1720 the tower was built on the still existing foundations. In 1790 the town hall was rebuilt in the classical style. In 1899 the building complex was completely renovated. The style of the exterior facade was changed again. The outer facade of the town hall was rebuilt in the Renaissance style, the town hall tower retained its baroque appearance. In 1933/1934 the town hall and town hall tower were designed uniformly to their present form and the adjacent buildings were gradually incorporated into the town hall complex. The town hall now has fronts of the same length on the market side and the side facing Langen Strasse. In the interior, it is easy to see from the different floor levels that there were originally five properties with residential buildings. During the fighting in April 1945 and subsequent arson, almost all of the buildings on the market square were destroyed. Only the town hall survived this time almost completely unscathed. Between 1993 and 1997 the town hall was completely renovated and has been rebuilt as a closed unit.

Community center

Community center

Mural Szprotawa - Spremberg

The Spremberg community center is a modern building on the market square that resulted from the renovation of the workers' dormitory. The prefabricated building was dismantled down to its basic structure and the building was rebuilt. What is particularly noticeable and so far unique in Germany is that the wall and roof surfaces merge into one another using the same material and are designed in the same color. The community center currently houses various city offices, the tourist office and a bakery.

On the eastern wall of the community garden behind the community center, a large mural was unveiled for the 20th anniversary of the twinning between Szprotawa in Poland and Spremberg during the local festival. The 10 meter long picture, which consists of several elements and is then mounted on the wall, was designed by six artists from both countries. These were Dominik Dziedzina from Poznań , Artur Marciszyn from Żagań , Agnieszka Skowrońska from Lubsko , Klaus Wende, Silvia Willig-Nowak and Cornelia Hansche from Spremberg. Different sights of both cities are shown in the picture and represent them with artistic freedom, also deviating from the actual locations. The picture shows the following:

Spremberg side: (from right) Spremberg city arms, Sinapius Villa, Spremberg Bismarck tower, Bullwinkel with Bullwinkel fountain, cruciform church, Spremberg town hall, Szprotawa station bridge Side: (from left) Szprotawa city arms, Szprotawa town hall, market square with Szprotawa whale fountain, Church of the Assumption of Mary , Sagan Gate

Cavalier House

The Kavalierhaus on the right-hand side of Langen Strasse towards the west is a baroque-style building built in 1706, which was built for his guests at the behest of Duke Heinrich von Sachsen-Merseburg and used for this purpose until his death.

Kavalierhaus and Bullwinkelbrunnen

An inscription on the entrance portal indicates this. From 1737 the building was used as a restaurant and from 1855 to 1883 as a post office. The Sparkasse was the next and current user to move into the building. In the years 1994–1997 the building was extensively renovated and reconstructed. This renovation was almost like a new building. Except for the historical entrance portal, which had to be secured with considerable effort, large historical parts could not be saved and were created completely new. Today the Kavalierhaus is again one of the most striking buildings on the street.

Bull angle

Bullwinkel is a term that has established itself in the Spremberger language over the years. Originally this little square was called Stiller Winkel . After the city bull was fixed there around 1830, the name changed. On August 19, 1995, for the Spremberger Heimatfest, a Bullwinkel fountain designed by the folk artist Irmgard Kuhlee and made in field stone look by the local blacksmith Herwert Lohr was inaugurated, on which three large bull heads are attached. On festive occasions, for example the Spremberger Heimatfest, there is the opportunity to tap beer from the nostrils of one of these heads.

Burglehnhaus

Burglehnhaus Lange Strasse 31

The Burglehnhaus in Langen Straße is the last remaining of the five former Burglehnhäuser in the city. Owners of castle houses or castle grounds enjoyed many advantages. B. exempt from taxes and duties, but could exercise all civil rights. The benefits, which had repeatedly led to disputes between the owners and the city, were canceled in 1826 (according to other sources, 1860).

In 1607, bailiff Adam Leupold took over the property from Siegesmund von Kittlitz , the owner of the town at the time, as a civil fief . It was not yet the current building. The house was not built until 1706, after the great fire in the city. In 1853 the heirs sold the fiefdom to the cloth maker Louis Müller, who in 1860 sold it to the businessman Heinrich Julius Schmidt. Since then, the former castle fiefdom has been owned by the Schmidt family. Over the years, it has been repeatedly adapted and rebuilt to meet the respective requirements. Today it serves as a residential and commercial building.

Post office building

Spremberg City Post Office

The post office building is a brick building built between 1882 and 1883 by the Spremberg contractor, Mittag, with an attached isolator tower . Construction began in September 1882 and the shell was accepted on April 1, 1883 after seven months of construction. In its place was previously one of the five castle wing houses. On April 16, 1883, the inauguration of the Imperial Post Office took place with the participation of the Postmaster General of the German Empire, Heinrich von Stephan . On January 3, 1890, the isolator tower with the local telephone network was put into operation, at which the telephone lines from the respective participants in the city, which at that time were still above ground, converged. The Isolatorenturm is one of the few remaining towers of this type in Germany.

After the political turning point in the GDR, the post office was sold to a private owner and then changed hands several times. However, Deutsche Post AG and Postbank remained sub-tenants in the building. The first floor of the building has not been used since then. The gradual decline of the entire building began with the sale. The roof, which was covered with cardboard shingles, was largely covered with tarpaulin or was poorly repaired. On the outer facade , parts of the existing decorative elements broke off again and again, so that the facade was poorly secured in many places with nets.

On August 16, 2017, the entire post office building was closed to visitors without prior notice and during normal branch operations. Since then, the building has been considered to be in danger of collapsing inside and was no longer allowed to be entered. Deutsche Post AG and Postbank then terminated their tenancy without notice.

Only after the building was closed in August 2017, the urgently needed repairs to the facade and roof were carried out in November 2017. Deutsche Post AG and Postbank saw no future for themselves in this building, despite the initial repairs. In December 2017 it became known that the current owner was now only offering the ground floor for rent and that apartments were to be built on the upper floors.

Opposite the post office building are the last parts of the city wall that used to surround the entire city . The post office building is also partially on the remains of the city wall and the former west gate.

city ​​Park

The city park is a large, park-like facility within the city area. It goes back to the municipal cemetery (Georgenbergfriedhof), which was laid out in front of the city gates in 1828. In the middle of this cemetery was the St. George Chapel, a small church building from the 13th century. In 1872 a war memorial was erected on the present viewing platform for the fallen soldiers of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/1871.

Entrance portal to the Georgenberg cemetery

→ Main article : Entrance portal Georgenberg-Friedhof (Spremberg)

Entrance portal Georgenberg Friedhof

The access to the old Georgenberg cemetery was originally via a narrow cobblestone path that branched off to the right of Georgenstrasse just before Kirschallee. The entrance was formed by an entrance portal, which was presumably built when the cemetery was laid out in 1828. The entrance portal consisted of two simple brick pillars, each crowned by a cross and could be closed by a simple wooden gate. Both pillars were connected with a cross band with the inscription "RUHESTAETTE". In 1865, billboards were attached to the entrance pillars quoting the following proverbs, to the left column “What you are now, we were” and to the right column “What we are now, you will.” These quotations are obvious from the legend " The three living and the three dead " has been modified.

Presumably with the redesign of the Georgenberg cemetery into a park in the 1970s, the entrance portal, which was in a completely desolate state, was torn down to the foundations. In 2017, the entrance portal located in the Georgenberg area monument was completely rebuilt by the "LAGA Spremberg eV" and was completed on December 21, 2017.

In 1893, on the foundations of the powder tower, which had been dismantled in 1875 and had been used to store supplies of powder and lead, the “Seemann Pavilion”, named after the long-time chairman of the Spremberg “Beautification Association”, District Court Director and Privy Councilor August Friedrich Ferdinand Seemann, was built one after all Sides open covered pavilion.

In 1901, out of gratitude for his deceased adoptive father, the blacksmith Hugo Richter made a rose grille that surrounded his grave. Until a few years ago it was assumed that the rose grid was presented at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900 . According to the latest knowledge, this tradition is wrong. After the rose lattice had repeatedly fallen victim to blind destructiveness in recent years, the city was forced to remove it from the city park. After extensive restoration by a local blacksmith, it was given a new place in the garden of the Niederlausitzer Heidemuseum in Spremberg Castle .

In 1902 and 1903 the Bismarck Tower was built on the site of the Georgenberg.

Bismarck Tower

Bismarck tower in Spremberg 2003

The Bismarck Tower in Spremberg was built in memory of the "Iron Chancellor" Otto von Bismarck, who died in 1898, on the steeply rising Georgenberg within the urban area as a lookout tower according to plans by the Guben architect Johannes Römmler . The tower is clearly visible from a great distance.

At its general assembly on April 1, 1901, the Beautification Association decided to build a Bismarck tower in Spremberg. For this purpose, a Bismarck Committee was founded, which met for the first time on April 13 in the Hotel Rautenkranz and started an appeal for donations. On April 1, 1902, the foundation stone was laid on the Georgenberg. The construction company Gundermann received the contract for the construction, but it was withdrawn again in the summer of 1902 due to poor workmanship. The topping-out ceremony was celebrated on October 18 (the official anniversary of the Battle of Leipzig ); the date for the inauguration on September 2nd ( Sedan Day ) was not kept. It was completed by April 1st, 1903 (Bismarck's 88th birthday) by the Spremberg building contractor Wilhelm Handrick. The celebration consisted of three sections: the tower was inaugurated at 4 p.m., a gala dinner took place in the Hotel Sonne at 5:30 p.m. and from 8 p.m. onwards, singing pieces composed especially for the day were performed in the community center.

The tower is made of brick - masonry and is faced with natural stone blocks. It has two viewing platforms, the upper one of which is shaped as a crown. Its height is 20.74 meters. There is a round extension at the rear. Inside the tower, both platforms can be reached via an iron spiral staircase .

100th anniversary on April 1st, 2003

At the top of the tower there is a fire bowl in which a widely visible fire was lit on Bismarck's birthday - at the same time as all Bismarck towers in the German Reich . On the front, above the entrance door, the Bismarck family coat of arms made of Löbejun porphyry with three oak leaves and a clover leaf is attached. Under the first platform, a 60 centimeter high mosaic lettering with dark writing on a gold background surrounds the entire tower. It shows, divided into four sections, the inscription “Wir Deutsche | fear God | nothing else | auf der Welt ”, a saying by Bismarck from 1888 before the Reichstag, which completely reads:“ We Germans fear God and nothing else in the world and it is this fear of God that makes us love and cultivate peace ”.

The Bismarck Tower survived the turmoil of World War II without damage. By order of the then district administrator, however, the cannon in front of the tower was removed, which the IV Reserve Hussar Regiment captured from the French army on August 23, 1914 in the Battle of Longwy and which had been placed in front of the tower on July 15, 1916 .

The Bismarck Tower then became the real landmark of the city of Spremberg. On June 26, 1950, it was renamed Ernst-Thälmann -Turm and on May 21, 1951, Georgenbergturm . After the political change in 1991 it was given its old name again. On April 1, 2003, the 100th anniversary of the Bismarck Tower took place with great sympathy from the Spremberg population. Friedrich von Bismarck, a great-great-grandnephew of Otto von Bismarck, took part as the guest of honor.

A general overhaul of the tower began on April 15, 2011. The joints of the natural stone facing had suffered considerably from the weather over the years. These and many other measures were completed in the following twelve months with a total investment of 180,000 euros, 160,000 euros from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). On May 5, 2012, the Bismarck Tower was ceremoniously reopened.

Below the Bismarck Tower, a memorial was created between 1927 and 1932 for the sons of the city of Spremberg and its immediate vicinity who died in the First World War .

Hero memorial

Heroes Memorial - OdF memorial on the Georgenberg

After the end of the First World War , the city of Spremberg, like many other cities in the empire, wanted to commemorate their fallen soldiers in dignified form with a hero's memorial. As early as 1919 a corresponding monument committee was formed for this purpose. The first and foremost task of the committee was to raise money for a memorial. In this way, 60,000 marks could be made available within a very short time. Much more difficult than the financial questions were the different views of the city council about the shape and the exact location of the memorial. For a long time it was impossible to come to an agreement, so that the plans finally had to be abandoned, as inflation , which at that time was getting bigger and bigger, depreciated the collected money.

After the inflation ended, people went back to their plans and collected again for a memorial. This time the city council was able to agree on a draft submitted by government building officer Jung and architect Keller. An area below the Bismarck Tower was found to be worthy of the location and a cross-party decision was made.

The foundation stone was laid on August 13, 1927 . But after a short construction period it was noticed that the original cost estimates could not be kept, so that changes to the design were made during the construction phase. The 40,000 marks collected were not enough to carry out all the planned work. In order to still be able to finish the memorial, it was decided to first make the planned bronze plaques with the 684 names of the fallen, the cost of which alone amounted to 12,000 marks, from oak. Nonetheless, it was only after five years of construction that it was possible to inaugurate the honorary monument on February 21, 1932. In 1935, as planned in the original plans, the wooden panels were replaced by bronze panels.

In 1958 the memorial was rededicated as a memorial for the victims of fascism . The four bronze panels embedded in the wall on the north side were removed and the surfaces were clad with Lusatian and Silesian granite. The inscriptions on the central granite block that read "OUR FALLEN" on the south side and "YOU WILL RISK" on the north side have also been removed. On the two side walls of the memorial, bronze reliefs by the sculptor Heinz Mamat were placed, which thematize the ordeal of anti-fascists . His bronze figure falling on the central granite block and two plaques with names of resistance fighters added in 1987 were removed and put into storage in 1991. The inscription in the base now names 17 victims of the resistance struggle. After repairing the damaged vandalism and stored on figure falls Santander was this again, set up in 2009 to the central block of granite.

Singer view pavilion

"Singer view" pavilion

In 1931, in the immediate vicinity of the Bismarck Tower, east of it, the pavilion Sängerblick , donated by the Spremberger “Männergesangsverein 1835”, was built. It was built about 18 meters above Bahnhofstrasse on a massive clinker foundation in the slope of the Georgenberg, was made of wood and was open on all sides. It was crowned by a vaulted metal-roofed dome. Back then, when the planting of the artificially created slopes of the Georgenberg was still low, you could see the city from the pavilion. The official handover of the pavilion to the city took place on June 5, 1931 by the association chairman teacher Otto Kossack.

Around 1970, probably in the course of the redesign of the Georgenbergfriedhof, the neglected, in poor condition and now overgrown pavilion was demolished; only the foundation survived the years.

In March 2013 the LAGA-Verein Spremberg presented plans to rebuild this pavilion. On October 7, 2013, the renovation of the foundation and thus the reconstruction of the pavilion began. All services were financed by donations. In the course of the renovation work, a metal sleeve from the laying of the foundation stone in 1932 was found on October 14, 2013 with lists of all the former members of the men's choir 1835 and a photo. The structure was largely based on the original. However, the original construction plans were no longer available, you could only orientate yourself on a few photos. The basic construction of the pavilion is now made of metal, the roof was covered with shingles for cost reasons. A plaque attached to the parapet names the main sponsors of the pavilion. On July 4, 2014, the pavilion was opened to the public again in a ceremonial act. The total cost of the reconstruction was 45,000 euros.

The cemetery, which was laid out in 1828, later had to be closed again due to lack of space. After the end of the Second World War , the war memorial erected in 1872 for the fallen soldiers of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/1871 was demolished .

preserved grave complex in the city park Spremberg

In 1968 there was enormous storm damage on the Georgenberg, so the decision was made to completely redesign the entire area. The first thing to do was to level the cemetery and relocate existing graves. Only a few prominent tombs have been preserved. The so-called Loeben's tombstone is the grave of the von Loeben aristocratic family , which first appeared in Spremberg in 1536. The tombstone was erected for Caspar Ernst von Loeben around 1760/1761.

Gravestone of the von Loeben family in today's city park

The redesign of the city park also fell victim to old buildings due to a lack of money.

St. Georg Chapel (Georgenberg Chapel)

→ Main article : St. George's Chapel (Spremberg)

According to a Spremberg legend , Jutta von Kittlitz is said to have donated this chapel out of gratitude for the healthy return of her lover Seyfried von Loeben from the Third Crusade in 1189. However, this information is neither verifiable nor historically credible. They probably only refer to a smaller, simple wooden chapel that is assumed to be the previous building. Rather, it can be assumed that the chapel, in its last form, was only built towards the end of the 15th century as a successor to this wooden chapel or only on its former location. The basis for this is the first documentary mention of a Georgenberg chapel in the Meißner diocese register from 1495. It did not always survive all the turmoil of years and wars and was built up or extensively renovated several times. On 10 June 1970, the chapel was demolished without archaeological support and their location on the grassy area reshaped .

In 1976 a large fountain system was installed on the central square about 100 meters east of the former location of the St. George's Chapel. Which is known under the name of its designer Manfred Vollmert, only as "Vollmert Brunnen". On July 6, 2018, it became known that metal thieves had partially stolen the copper bowls installed in the well, which were used to drain the water.

War memorial 1870/1871

→ Main article : War memorial 1870/71 (Spremberg)

On October 25, 1872, representatives of the city of Spremberg inaugurated a 6-meter-high war memorial made of Silesian marble on the western tip of the Georgenberg, with great participation from the population. On this monument the names were of 172, in the campaign against France , fallen in gold engraved deposited letters. The costs for the entire project amounted to 1500 Thaler . The monument weighed 11,685 kg.

In 1946 the monument was razed on the instructions of the Neugebauer district administrator . To this end, the latter either subconsciously misinterpreted Directive No. 30 of the Allied Control Council , published in May 1946 , which required the removal of all military and Nazi monuments, or acted with anticipatory obedience . Because this directive explicitly referred to monuments that were erected after August 1st, 1914. According to documents from archives, the monument was partially shredded, but could not be removed due to its weight. It was therefore decided to bury the monument on site. In the 1970s, the entire complex was built over with a viewing terrace (bastion). After the political change in the GDR, there were repeated attempts to find the monument. However, the statements of contemporary witnesses were imprecise and sometimes contradicting, so that they were repeatedly searched for in the wrong places. There were also statements about the fact that parts of the memorial had been removed.

On May 21, 2016, on the initiative of the Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation, soil monument preservation department, a georadar investigation was carried out on the area of ​​the bastion. Several parts could be located that were clearly not of natural origin. The problem now turned out to be that the viewing terrace (bastion) located there was classified as worthy of preservation by the monument authority.

In 2017, the monument authority gave permission to carry out search excavations at the points located using georadar. On March 17, 2018, two intact parts of the war memorial were found, exposed and ultimately lifted. It was the base part with the engraved names and the top of the memorial with the inscription “In memory of those who died in the war against France in 1870 a. In 1871 the famous soldiers of this city and the Fusilier Battalion 6. Brandenb. Inf. Regts. No.52 dedicated by the inhabitants of Spremberg in 1872. “On July 20, 2019, two more parts of the obelisk were uncovered and recovered.

War cemeteries

In 1977, a Soviet memorial was inaugurated directly behind the Bismarck Tower , for which the previous Russian military cemetery had been leveled. In the center was the stone figure Mourning Mother by the sculptor Jürgen von Woyski . This memorial commemorates the 454 Soviet soldiers who lost their lives in the fighting for Spremberg. In 2007, the city council was considering demolishing the visibly dilapidated memorial, but this could not be achieved due to existing obligations from an additional contract of the 1990 two-plus-four contract . Since then, the memorial has been partially cordoned off by construction fences due to the acute risk of collapse. Only in January 2015, following an agreement with all the partners involved, was it possible to begin a basic overhaul, which in this case amounts to a new building. The memorial was completely dismantled and then rebuilt in its approximate form as it existed before 1977. From the memorial from 1977, the “grieving mother” and the large central star were integrated and preserved.

Inauguration of the completely redesigned Russian military cemetery

On April 29, 2016, the ceremonial inauguration of the Russian Cemetery of Honor took place in the presence of Evgeny L. Aljoschin, employee of the war graves service at the Russian Embassy in Germany, representatives of the state government of Brandenburg and other personalities, where 850 soldiers are now named. The total cost of building the cemetery is around 370,000 euros. The Russian Federation contributed around 31,000 euros for the repair of the big star and the grieving mother, without being obliged to do so. At the request of the Russian government, four Russian lilac bushes were planted in the grove of honor , which were cultivated by the granddaughter of the then commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front, Marshal of the Soviet Union Konev, who had captured Spremberg in April 1945.

There is also a German war cemetery on the Georgenberg . Soldiers have been reburied there since 1995, whose resting places were destroyed by the devastation in the region. The military cemetery also houses bones that were discovered during the clearing of the open-cast mine apron of the Welzow-Süd opencast mine . Even 63 years after the end of the war, there were repeated controversial discussions about the German soldiers buried there. Since the dead included members of the SS Panzer Division Frundsberg, who were commemorated by former comrades on relevant holidays, the city was forced to issue an ordinance in 2008 regulating who was allowed to lay wreaths with which inscription .

In September / October 2009, the memorial for the victims of fascism was extensively renovated for 122,000 euros and the figure of the falling man , which was removed in 1991, was put up again. On 15./16. In January 2011 landslides occurred underneath the memorial site due to the precipitation that had persisted for weeks, endangering the entire area. For a long time it was not possible to reach agreement in the various committees about the necessary renovations on the sloped slope. Only on June 25, 2014, the slipped area was released again after a rather small renovation. Initial cost estimates assumed that renovation would not be possible for less than EUR 350,000. The minimal variant now chosen cost only 58,000 euros.

Monument complex "Overcoming hurdles"

Monument complex "Overcoming hurdles" October 2009

With the monument overcoming hurdles on the Georgenberg, the city commemorates the victims of war and tyranny.

In July 1999 a local association sent a request to the city to erect a memorial for groups of victims on the Georgenberg, which had not yet been thought of. In 2000 efforts were made to integrate them into the memorial complex for the victims of fascism below the Bismarck Tower and to attach four memorial plaques for different groups of victims to the surrounding wall. However, this failed due to the objection of the district and the lower monument protection authority. They saw “too many changes to an existing monument”. They also wanted to prevent another creeping rededication of the monument, as happened after 1945. Due to the different views on the type and scope of the monument, there were delays for years. It was only seven years later, on December 3, 2006, that the city council (SIA) decided to commission a planning office to plan a separate monument complex. As a requirement of the district and the lower monument protection authority, it had to be taken into account that the new monument complex "should be at a respectful distance from existing monuments and war cemeteries". The planned budget was around 98,000 euros.

Signpost " In memory of all civilian victims "

On July 23, 2008, the decision was made as to which groups of victims should be remembered at the four access routes of the new monument complex. Until recently there were controversial discussions about this within the SIA. On February 11, 2009, the SIA finally decided to overcome obstacles to the construction of a separate monument complex with four access routes according to the draft . The costs now amounted to about 142,000 euros. The visitor overcomes four paths with different lengths and inclines on stairs and raised ramps to a height of about one meter and reaches a platform in the center of the monument. There two black basalt stones are set up in a U-shape so that they interlock and you can walk through them. A ribbon with the inscription “ The city of Spremberg commemorates all victims of war and tyranny ” runs around the basalt stones as a symbol of reconciliation. The names of the access routes on glass panels at the beginning of each route are, starting in the west, clockwise:

• In memory of all civilian victims
• In memory of all those who died in the world wars
• In memory of the victims of National Socialism
• In memory of the victims of Stalinism

Around the central Bismarck tower, there are now four independent monuments within a radius of less than 100 meters. These are the newly erected memorial complex "Overcome hurdles" , the German military cemetery with the associated high cross , the Soviet military cemetery , and the memorial for the victims of fascism .

The inauguration of the Hurdles monument complex took place on November 15, 2009 with the laying of the wreath on the day of national mourning by the mayor and MPs of the SIA of the city of Spremberg.

Lapidary

At the location of the lapidarium

In order to preserve culturally important tombstones for the city of Spremberg, to set them up at a central point and to make them accessible to the general public, the support association for the organization of a state horticultural show in Spremberg (LAGA association) decided to set up a lapidarium in the city park on the Georgenberg to build. The symbolic groundbreaking ceremony took place on September 24, 2011 .

The lapidarium will be erected on an open area about a hundred meters southeast of the Bismarck Tower . On this open space there is an Art Nouveau fountain by the Spremberg stonemason and sculptor Paul Heidel, which was preserved and restored as a central design element. The total cost of the restoration was around 20,000 euros, which was raised exclusively through donations. On August 9, 2013, the fountain was put back into operation after years of dilapidation. As the first stone of the lapidarium, the restored memorial stone for the Spremberg cantor Friedrich Leitmann was ceremoniously unveiled.

Initial cost estimates for the construction of the lapidarium assume around 30,000 euros, most of which will be borne by local but also supraregional sponsors. On May 5, 2012, so-called "Fördertaler" were offered for the first time to provide further financial aid for the Lapidarium. This is to give the residents of the city and other sponsors the opportunity to participate further. The Lapidarium-Fördertaler are made of ceramics and depict the Art Nouveau fountain to be restored and a symbolic memorial stone on one side . On November 13, 2013 it became known that the first tombs of the lapidarium, including the recently renovated memorial stone of the Spremberg cantor Friedrich Leitmann, had been destroyed by strangers and inscriptions and plaques were stolen.

lock

Spremberg Castle

From a Romanesque tower castle around 1100, Spremberg Castle was converted into an early Baroque four-wing complex under the reign of the Dukes of Saxony-Merseburg . The building history has been documented since the 11th century; the lower part of the large main tower with its walls up to four meters thick is the oldest part of the palace complex. Vaulted ceilings with paintings from the 16th century have been preserved in three rooms on the ground floor of the main house. During the reign of the Merseburg dukes between 1680 and 1738, the castle was expanded into a palace. After the Merseburg owners died out, the castle came into the hands of the Electorate of Saxony in 1738. From this point onwards, with numerous interior alterations until 1997, it was mainly used for administrative purposes.

In the castle, among other facilities, there is the Niederlausitzer Heidemuseum, where, among other things, a permanent exhibition provides information about the life and works of the Spremberg writer Erwin Strittmatter . In the outdoor area there is a farm with an original farmhouse from Groß Buckow , which has been moved there.

Memorial stone center of the German Empire

Center of the German Empire 1871–1920

Spremberg was the geographical center of the German Empire from 1871 to 1920 . The calculations for this went back to the geographer Heinrich Matzat, a senior teacher at the Spremberg high school. The basis of his calculation was that he determined the mean values ​​of the places furthest north, south, east and west of the former German Empire. He published the result in the annual report of the higher education institutions of 1872.

There it said: “At the end of these last discussions, which specifically concern local history, I would like to add a note here that will be of some interest to the residents of our good town Spremberg. - The northernmost point of the newly formed German Empire is near the village of Nimmersatt north of Memel , 55 degrees 52 minutes 56 seconds north latitude; the southernmost at the origin of the Stillach , a source river of the Iller in the Allgäu Alps , 47 degrees 15 minutes 48 seconds north latitude. The mean of this is 51 degrees 34 minutes 22 seconds. The easternmost point is near the village of Schilleningken not far from Schirwindt an der Scheschuppe , 40 degrees 32 minutes 25 seconds east longitude from Ferro; the most westerly near the village of Isenbruch , four kilometers from the Meuse , 23 degrees 31 minutes 50 seconds east longitude from Ferro. The mean of this is 32 degrees 2 minutes 7.5 seconds.

The geographical center of the German Empire is the point which is below 51 degrees 34 minutes 22 seconds north latitude and 32 degrees 2 minutes 7.5 seconds east longitude. But this point is located on the territory of the city of Spremberg. You can get to it (as measured on the General Staff map) if you walk almost exactly 500 paces (and two feet) from Dresdener Straße down Gartenstraße and the path that continues. "

Destroyed original center stone

In July 1914 an order was issued by the head of the Prussian land registry , v. It was sad that the center of the German Empire fell on the measuring table sheet 2547, i.e. the district of Spremberg.

In 1946, the inscription on the stone was destroyed by order of the then district administrator, who implemented Order No. 30 of the Allied Control Council to the letter.

The original stone was recovered in March 1988 during the preparation of road construction works and is exhibited in the local history museum in Spremberg. According to information from the district monument curator at the time, the stone was so badly damaged after 1946 that the stone was removed from the writing and replaced in a concrete wall that it was not possible to restore it.

On January 19, 1991, a copy of the stone was set up just a few meters from the original location.

Historical monuments

Memorial stone for demonstrations in 1989

• Memorial stone for 28 victims of the death march of 630 prisoners from the Groß Rosen concentration camp in April 1945 who were tortured for a week in a barn at the Gosda-Haidemühl sheep farm. This place had to give way to an open pit, which is why the victims were reburied
• Memorial stone from 1967 on the station forecourt for the chairman of the KPD , Ernst Thälmann , who was murdered in the Buchenwald concentration camp in 1944 .
• Memorial stone from 2009 on the square of the castle district for Ernst Tschickert , victim of National Socialism and Stalinism . Tschickert was city councilor of Spremberg, parliamentary group leader in the district council and died in 1951 in a Siberian prison camp.
• Memorial stone for the first demonstration in Spremberg for freedom and democracy on October 28, 1989.

Soil monuments

→ Main article : List of archaeological monuments in Spremberg

Regular events

• Pub festival (March), live bands play on one weekend to dance in various bars.
• Castle-Eastside-Jam (March), one of the biggest hip-hop jams in Germany
• Fountain Festival (May), cultural program around the Bullwinkel fountain, which was newly created in 1995
• Choir Festival (May), national and international choirs vie for the Spremberger Choir Touring Cup
• May festival with the choice of the Spremberger Spreenixe
• 24-hour swimming (June)
• Spremberger Perle Cup (July), national and international football teams compete for the challenge cup
• Spremberger Heimatfest (on the second weekend in August, three days)
• Autumn festival with pottery market (October)
• Sled dog race in the Ratsheide (November)
• Festival of Lights (on all Advent Saturdays)
• Traditional annual concert of the music association Trachtenkapelle Spremberg e. V. in the Kreuzkirche (December)

Sports

The largest sports club in the city is the KSC Asahi Spremberg , which fights in the 1st German Judo League . During the GDR era, the BSG activist Black Pump from the district of Schwarze Pump was active in the second-rate GDR league , after the fall of the Wall the sports community relocated its football department to Hoyerswerda.

Economy and Infrastructure

Economic history

In Spremberg there were u. a. the following industrial companies:

• Hermann Römmler AG - founded in 1867 by August Hermann Römmler , manufacturer of Resopal since 1930, after 1945 dismantling of the systems, continued as Resopal GmbH in Groß-Umstadt and Sprela-Werke in Spremberg (NL)
• Trattendorf power plant (1917 to 1945) in Trattendorf
• LONZA plant (Trattendorf) in Trattendorf - from 1917 production of synthetic fertilizers
• Nitschke raw cardboard factory
• Cloth factory E. Bernhardt & Co.
• Ludwig Heimberger cloth factory
• CA Kruger cloth factory
• Ludwig Levy cloth factory (expropriated by the National Socialists in 1935)
• Cloth factory Carl Müller (company headquarters moved to Grebenhain in Hesse in 1948 )
• Georg Richard cloth factory
• Cloth factory Schwetasch & Seidel
• Emil Viehweger cloth factory ( expropriated from private property in 1945 by the authorities of the Soviet occupation zone and assigned to VEB Spremag)
• Georg Wissinger cloth factory (taken over in 1910 by the Spremberg cloth manufacturer Ludwig Levy; rebuilt in the New Objectivity style in 1924/25 ; expropriated by the National Socialists in 1935)

Established businesses

The business location is one of 15 regional growth centers in the state of Brandenburg. This promotes selected future-oriented industries.

• Antennenservice GmbH Spremberg, cable company, electrical engineering
• Sellessen biomass cogeneration plant , local supplier for the Haidemühl district
• Feingießerei Spremberg GmbH, a company of Piel & Adey GmbH & Co. KG, investment casting using the lost wax process
• Hippe KG Spremberg, manufacturer of laminated and fiber composite materials
• Hospital Spremberg, as the hospital of primary care with about 180 beds and about 280 employees. It is 49% owned by the municipality and 51% owned by a development association, of which around 70% are hospital employees.
• Sprela Werk Spremberg, a company of Kronospan GmbH, manufacturer of laminates
• Sternenbäck GmbH Production of large bakery
• Technische Bürsten GmbH, manufacturer of all kinds of technical brushes
• Volksbank Spree-Neisse eG, cooperative bank, all-financial service provider

In the Black Pump industrial park belonging to Spremberg :

• Briquette Schwarze Pumpe , producers of brown coal briquettes of the brand " record " and lignite dust
• Danogips GmbH & Co. KG, manufacture and sale of metal profiles and plasterboard
• LEAG Black Pump power plant
• Branch of Felbermayr Deutschland GmbH
• KREBA-Fisch GmbH, breeding of nesting carp and nesting sturgeon
• Hamburger Rieger paper factory , part of the Hamburger Containerboard division of the Austrian Prinzhorn Group
• Transport- und Speditionsgesellschaft Schwarze Pump mbH (TSS GmbH), a 100 percent subsidiary of Vattenfall Europe, silo and general cargo transport, open-cast mining, storage and rail logistics
• VG-ORTH GmbH & Co. KG, manufacture of gypsum blocks and gypsum plaster systems

Copper deposit

Copper is to be mined in a mine near Spremberg . The copper ore deposits have been known since the 1950s, the first test drillings were carried out as early as the 1960s, but so far mining has not been worthwhile as the extraction costs have significantly exceeded the proceeds due to the low ore content. After the dollar price for raw copper has risen roughly fourfold since 2000, mining appears economical. In 2010, the state of Brandenburg selected the company Kupferschiefer Lausitz GmbH (KSL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the international investment company Minerva SA , from three applicants , to build the mine in the Graustein - Runde area. The investment cost for the construction was given as 700 million euros. Forecasts saw the start of dismantling in 2013, the KSL itself estimated on its website “between 2016 and 2020 at the earliest”. In addition to copper, it was hoped to find small amounts of silver and gold in the rock. The company should create 1000 new jobs, which the KSL hopes will last 20 years.

Due to complicated investigations and the necessary approval procedures, the start of copper slate mining in the Spremberg region should be delayed further. Estimates at the time assumed that funding would start in 2024. On May 15, 2014 it was announced that KSL had stopped all activities in the Spremberg area due to the low world market price for copper and that the tasks of the Spremberg planning office would be relocated to Washington, DC, to the headquarters of Minerva SA . The headquarters for KSL remains in Spremberg.

traffic

Road traffic

→ Main article : List of streets and squares in Spremberg

The federal highway 97 ( Guben - Dresden ) runs through Spremberg from north to south and the federal highway 156 ( Großräschen - Bautzen ) from west to east . From the central crossing point at the Berlin intersection in Spremberg to around the middle of the Schwarze Pump location, both federal highways run on a common route over a length of around six kilometers .

The state road L 47 runs from Spremberg north to Kathlow , the L 48 north-east to the Roggosen junction of the A 15 motorway .

The closest motorway junctions are Cottbus-Süd on the A 15 (Forst– Dreieck Spreewald border crossing ), about 17 kilometers to the north, and Großräschen on the A 13 (Berlin – Dresden) west of Spremberg, around 38 kilometers away.

On July 4, 2018, one of the largest road construction projects in the city center was opened to traffic: a six-armed roundabout with connected footpaths and cycle paths.

B 97 bypass

Inauguration of the B 97 bypass

Clearance of the B 97 bypass

In 1992, planning began for a bypass to the west of Spremberg. However, the building rights for this were only obtained ten years later with the planning approval decisions. Since the bypass road is around 10 km in the state of Brandenburg and around 2½ km in the Free State of Saxony, two planning approval decisions were necessary for this. These took place on December 29, 2006 in the state of Brandenburg and on February 14, 2007 in the Free State of Saxony.

On June 25, 2007, the groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of the 12.5 km long bypass of the city of Spremberg took place, which is intended to relieve the inner-city traffic. The bypass road starts north about 500 meters before the entrance to Spremberg from the direction of Cottbus and runs west of the city area. To the south, behind the village of Schwarze Pump in the municipality of Spreetal , it meets the "old original" B 97 federal road again. The bypass is designated as a motor road with a minimum speed of 60 km / h.

During the construction of the bypass, nine bridges and four crossing areas were built. The bridge structures not only span roads to be crossed and under, but also several times the tracks of the coal railway of Vattenfall Europe Mining AG to the Schwarze Pump power plant . The route continues through disused old mining area, where lignite was mined underground at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. As a result, an extremely complex preparation of the subsoil was necessary in this area, which included, among other things, the filling of existing mining cavities with a suspension of lignite filter ash from the power plant operation. As a further safety measure, geosynthetic reinforcements were installed in this area of ​​the bypass road , which should provide the necessary stability in the event of a daybreak .

The necessary compensatory and replacement measures for land that has been used cover an area of ​​100 hectares. The official inauguration of the bypass took place on September 16, 2011. The costs amount to around 34 million euros; initial cost analyzes had assumed a figure of 24.5 million euros.

Rail transport

Spremberg (Grodk) railway station

LausitzBahn in Spremberg (Grodk) station

Spremberg lies on the Berlin – Görlitz railway line built in 1866/1867 . Since December 2008, the only railway company in passenger transport has been the Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn (ODEG). Your RB65 trains run hourly from Cottbus via Spremberg to Weißwasser , Görlitz and Zittau . It replaced the Lausitzbahn from Veolia Verkehr GmbH , which operated there from 2002 . On April 7, 2014, next to the old station building, a new so-called linking structure was opened for use. There is a travel agency with ticket sales and a waiting room. The previous station has been empty since then.

Traffic history

• Spremberg train stations - Spremberg used to have five train stations:
  • Spremberg Ost state train station (since 1867) and main train station (since 1926), on Hindenburgstrasse, today Bahnhofstrasse
  • City train station on Rossplatz, today Puschkinplatz (1897–1932)
  • Westbahnhof on Westbahnstrasse / Cottbusser Strasse, today Berliner Strasse (1907–1947)
  • Coal station on Heinrichsfelder Straße / Kochsdorfer Weg (until 1956)
  • Südbahnhof in Bautzener Straße, today Karl-Marx-Straße, towards Trattendorf
• Disused railways in and around Spremberg
  • Connecting line , from 1897 to 1932 as a standard-gauge connection from the Ostbahnhof (since 1926 main station) to the city station, the operation of the connecting line between the city and the station was discontinued in October 1932 with the construction of what was then Hindenburgstrasse , a direct connection between the city center and the main station.
  • City railway , from 1897 to 1956, meter-gauge railway, as a transport line for standard-gauge freight wagons and for transporting coal in Spremberger Neustadt, connection between the city station, the west station, the coal station, the south station and the various factories in the city area.
  • Coal railway , from 1898 to 1953, meter-gauge railway to the coal mines in the vicinity of Spremberg, to the "Anna", "Gustav Adolf" and "Brigitta" mines, later to the "Consul" mine, 1924 extension to the "Clara" or "Clara" mine. To the Werminghoff briquette factory of the Eintrachtwerke in Haidemühl, from 1947 to 1952 also passenger traffic between Haidemühl and Spremberg coal station, Heinrichsfelder Strasse as a replacement for the Westbahn, which was dismantled in 1947.
  • Westbahn (ex KBS 178p), in operation from 1907 to 1947 as a standard-gauge line between Proschim - Haidemühl on the Neupetershain – Hoyerswerda and Spremberg (Westbahnhof) line, with intermediate stations at Jessen and Roitz, since 1922 with a connection to the Spremberg West marshalling yard, see list of disused railway lines in Brandenburg and Berlin .
• Railway accident - On August 7, 1905, there was a serious railway accident between Spremberg main station and the village of Runde , in which two express trains collided head-on. 19 people were killed in the accident and another 40 people were injured, some seriously. The cause is considered to be human failure . The damage to property amounted to a sum of more than 2 million gold marks .

Transportation

Spree-Neisse bus in Spremberg

Spremberg is part of the Berlin-Brandenburg Transport Association (VBB). In addition, the city forms the tariff limit to the Zweckverband Verkehrsverbund Oberlausitz-Niederschlesien (ZVON) and the Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe (VVO).

Local public transport has been operated since January 1, 2015 by the Spree-Neisse bus of DB Regio Bus Ost , a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn AG . The urban area is served by four urban bus routes. From the centrally located bus station, which was newly opened in December 2012, there are regular bus routes to nearby cities such as Cottbus , Bad Muskau , Hoyerswerda and Welzow .

air traffic

The Welzow airfield, 20 kilometers away, offers the possibility of reaching Spremberg from the air. The airfield is approved for airplanes up to 14 tons, microlights , balloons and helicopters. Alternatively, you can travel to the Cottbus-Drewitz airfield , which is about 50 kilometers north of Spremberg.

To go biking

Spremberg and its surroundings have a large network of cycle paths. The city is therefore an ideal starting point for cycling tours. Four supraregional cycle paths lead through Spremberg: Spreeradweg , Fürst-Pückler-Weg , the Niederlausitzer Mining Tour and the Brandenburg Tour . Regional tours such as the old mining tour, the glass tour and the geology tour lead through the Muskau Arch Geopark .

education

All statistical information: as of September 4, 2017

Spremberg has a total of five primary schools, a vocational school, a grammar school and two special schools in its urban area and its incorporations.

In the years after the political change, there was an oversupply of school places due to the demographic development, the low birth rate and relocation. This could and had to be counteracted by reducing classes to the legal minimum, merging school locations, but also by demolishing school buildings.

Elementary schools

Astrid Lindgren Elementary School

Astrid Lindgren Primary School (November 2011)

The Astrid Lindgren Primary School is located on the Schomberg in the Spremberg city area. The school building was built in connection with the construction of a completely new residential area in the early 1980s. With the exception of a few individual residential buildings, the entire residential area was demolished after the fall of the Wall. The school location was retained and was completely renovated in 2010. The school has twelve classes with 287 students and 21 teachers.

Elementary school "Lusatian House of Learning"

The elementary school with after-school care, which is run by the Albert-Schweitzer-Familienwerk eV association , is located in the center of the town of Spremberg and is a state-approved substitute school. In the 2017/2018 school year 110 students in grades 1 to 6 were taught by ten teachers at the school. In addition to the general curriculum of the state of Brandenburg, the school offers two further subjects Will (we learn to learn) and SPL (socio-practical learning). From class 1, there are weekly swimming lessons and computer lessons. Great importance is attached to a cooperative collaboration with the parents. Since 2008 the school has been a “healthy school” recognized by the state of Brandenburg and since June 1, 2011 it has also been a recognized substitute school .

Elementary school Kollerberg

The elementary school Kollerberg is located in the residential area of ​​the same name in the Spremberg city area. It was inaugurated on September 1, 1978 as a Polytechnic High School (POS) and has been used as a primary school since 1991. Sixteen classes with 367 students are taught by 24 teachers in the school. According to its own account, the Kollerberg elementary school is a sport-oriented school where disabled and non-disabled children are taught together. The annual school festival is the highlight of everyday school life.

Sellessen primary school

The Heidegrundschule Sellessen is located in the Spremberg district of Sellessen and was built as part of the establishment of the Haidemühl relocation site , for which the groundbreaking ceremony took place on November 30, 2002 . The official inauguration took place on August 11, 2005 under the name "Grundschule Sellessen / Haidemühl". Since September 2007 it has been called "Heidegrundschule Sellessen". The Heidegrundschule Sellessen has seven classes with 170 pupils who are supervised by eleven teachers.

Primary school siblings Scholl

The primary school " Geschwister Scholl " is located in the district of Schwarze Pumpe . The school building was opened as a polytechnic high school in 1959. In 1991 it was rededicated as a primary school and a comprehensive school. Now it is only used as a primary school. At the school, 134 pupils are taught in six classes by ten teachers.

Vocational school

BOS Spremberg

The vocational school (BOS) is located in the center of Spremberg in one of the oldest and largest school buildings in the city. This imposing brick building was inaugurated on April 1, 1905 as what was then a girls' school. Even then, the school building included a gymnasium that was connected to the school building by a kind of walkway.

Due to its size, the school building was repeatedly used for purposes other than intended, for example as a hospital for wounded German soldiers during the First and Second World Wars .

In contrast to many other buildings, the school survived the capture of the city of Spremberg on April 20, 1945 by the Red Army almost unscathed. In March 1949, by resolution of the then council of the district, the girls' school was formally separated into two schools and renamed the Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht School. As a school type, both schools were run as polytechnic high schools with a school cycle from first to tenth grade. After the political change in the GDR and the developments that went with it, the school was converted into a comprehensive school. In 2001/2002 the entire school complex was extensively renovated. The original overall appearance of the school was also restored. Subsequent extensions were demolished and connections between the main building and the gym that no longer existed were restored according to the old model. Today the school sees itself as a vocational school with all-day courses with 14 classes and 323 students who are looked after by 32 teachers.

During his school days, the later writer Erwin Strittmatter stayed with the caretaker couple in the caretaker's apartment in the school building .

high school

Erwin Strittmatter High School

→ Main article : Erwin-Strittmatter-Gymnasium

The current Erwin Strittmatter Gymnasium is the second large, venerable school building in the city of Spremberg. Like the girls' school, it is located in the center of the city of Spremberg in the immediate vicinity of the Spree . Planned by the architects Köhler and Kranz from Berlin , it was ready for occupancy as a secondary school on September 30, 1910 after only one year of construction . The recognition as a grammar school had already taken place on February 23, 1910 by ministerial decision. In 1921 the Realgymnasium was converted into a Reform Realgymnasium .

From 1924 to 1930, the later writer and current namesake Erwin Strittmatter attended this grammar school, which he left without a degree. The grammar school also survived the turmoil of the Second World War almost unscathed. Like the girls' school, it was used as a hospital during the last months of the war and also after the war. Regular school operations could not be resumed until 1949. In April 1949, following ideological principles, it was renamed the Karl Marx School .

Tower clock E. Strittmatter high school

In 1952 the Karl Marx School was divided into two schools, the Karl Marx Elementary School (1st – 8th grade) and the Karl Marx High School (9th – 12th grade). In 1960 the name changed again to Karl Marx School (1st – 10th grade) and Karl Marx School Extended Oberschule (11th – 12th grade). In 1970 these two types of school were separated. The part of the extended high school (EOS) was relocated to a new building on the Spremberger Schomberg; In 1985 he moved to the Artur-Becker- Oberschule in the Trattendorf district. In May 1991 a ministerial decision was made to set up a grammar school with two locations. On November 1, 1992, the Spremberg grammar school was officially re-established at Mittelstrasse with secondary level I (grades 5–9) and Spremberg Süd with secondary level II (grades 10–13). On January 23, 1996 the name was changed to Erwin-Strittmatter-Gymnasium . In 2001/2002 the school building was completely renovated taking into account and incorporating the protection of historical monuments.

The Erwin-Strittmatter-Gymnasium has a total of 16 classes with 548 students, who are taught by 44 teachers.

From 1872 to 1875, the geographer Professor Heinrich Matzat worked as a geography teacher at the city's higher school, the predecessor of the grammar school. Professor Matzat also dealt with mathematical problems in geography lessons and calculated that the center of the German Empire in 1871 was in Spremberg, not far from the current grammar school. Quote: “This point is located on the territory of the city of Spremberg. You can get to it if you walk almost exactly 500 paces (and two feet) from Dresdener Strasse down Gartenstrasse and the path that continues. "

The main building of the Erwin-Strittmatter-Gymnasium still has the tower clock of the Berlin clock factory C. F. Rochlitz, which was installed around 1915. Until the school renovation in 2001/2002, this clock served not only to display the time but also to control the central school bell system and has been running almost without interruption since it was installed.

Special schools

Georgenberg School

The building, a typical GDR prefabricated building, is located in the east of the city on the Georgenberg. It was opened in 1979 as an eight-grade auxiliary school. In 1990 it was converted into a ten-class special needs school. It has been operated as an all-day school since 1990. In December 2009, also for reasons of equality, the name was changed from “General Förderschule” to “Georgenbergschule”. It sees itself as a school with a special educational focus on learning. In the school, 15 students are taught in one class by 5 teachers.

Wiesenwegschule

The Wiesenwegschule is located in the south of the city in the Trattendorf district. She is housed in a former apprentice dormitory that was converted in 1991. It sees itself as a school with a special educational focus on intellectual development. It was founded as a “special school for the mentally handicapped”. School operations are divided into lower, intermediate, upper and work-level classes. The main goal of the work level is to prepare for an independent life. Children and young people between the ages of 8 and 18 are supported. In addition, it is possible to stay up to the age of 23 upon request. On September 23, 2011, the special needs school was renamed "Wiesenwegschule". There are 64 students in eight classes at the school, who are supervised by 18 teachers.

Former garrison

Spremberg barracks, main building with clock tower.

Spremberg barracks, demolition of the buildings

With the armament of the Wehrmacht , a barracks area was built on Forster Landstrasse between 1936 and 1938 on an area of ​​26 hectares . The following troops were then stationed in Spremberg:

Front troop units

• Panzer Defense Department 43 (Established February 15, 1940)
  • was divided into the Panzerjäger-Ersatz -teilung 43 and a Panzerjäger-Training-Department 43 on September 23, 1942
  • Both departments were then merged on April 15, 1943 to form the Panzerjäger replacement and training department
• Panzer Jäger Company Spremberg (Established April 19, 1943)
• Spremberg Railway Pioneer Battalion (Established February 1, 1945)

Replacement troops

• Panzer Jäger Replacement Division 43
• Anti-tank replacement department 43
• Tank Training Department 55

After the end of the Second World War , the barracks grounds were used by Soviet troops until 1953 . From September 1953 to August 1956, the barracked People's Police used the facilities handed over by the Soviet troops. When the NVA was founded on March 1, 1956, it took over the barracks from the KVP on September 1, 1956. The swearing in of the now advancing troops took place on August 21, 1956 at the Nochten military training area .

Spremberg was until October 2, 1990 garrison for the tank regiment 14 " Karol Świerczewski " of the 7th tank division of the NVA. October 2, 1990 was the last appeal the troops flag obtained and the superior 7th Armored Division in Dresden passed. The last regimental commander of the 14th "Karol Świerczewski" tank regiment was Major Gerhard Hoffmann. On October 3, 1990, a small group of officers and NCOs of the Bundeswehr took over the Spremberg location, which had already been reduced in terms of material and personnel. As a result, there were further reductions in personnel and technology. So the III. Tank battalion and smaller independent units at the site disbanded. Most of the officers of the NVA who had been accepted into the Bundeswehr were downgraded by one rank. Only a few months after the takeover, in the spring of 1991, there were further major personnel restructuring, which went hand in hand with the dissolution of the II Panzer Battalion. The remaining 1st Panzer Battalion was relocated from Spremberg to Doberlug-Kirchhain . The "Nachkommando Panzerregiment 14" was formed in order to complete the Spremberg location. On June 18, 1992, the “last roll call” of a military formation took place at the Spremberg location. In July 1992 the detachment of the 14th Panzer Regiment was also dissolved.

The Spremberg location was given up in 1992 by the Bundeswehr. The almost 60-year-old buildings could not be used in a meaningful way. Attempts to locate the new Spree-Neisse district administration here failed due to political obstacles. In 2004, the Federal Property Office therefore decided to demolish the entire barracks area, on which there were up to 80 buildings of various sizes with an enclosed area of ​​240,000 m³.

Today the Spremberg solar park is located on the site .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Andreas Lando (* around 1525, date of death unknown), Kreuzkantor in Dresden
• Johann Agricola (approx. 1534–1590), Protestant theologian of the 16th century
• Carl Oestreich (1800–1840), horn player and composer
• Emil Fromm (1835–1916), composer, church musician
• Ottomar Reichelt (1853–1911), architect and Saxon building clerk
• Theo Malade (1869–1944), doctor and writer
• Otto Ostrowski (1883–1963), Mayor of Berlin 1946/1947
• Fritz Krüger (1889–1974), Romance and Hispanicist, university professor
• Guido Schmidt (1890–1971), judge at the Federal Court of Justice in Karlsruhe
• Johannes Vogel (1895–1962), writer
• Fritz Rudolf Kraus (1910–1991), ancient orientalist
• Erwin Strittmatter (1912–1994), writer
• Katja Meirowsky (1920–2012), painter, cabaret artist and poet
• Heinz Pachen (1922–2006), art collector
• Gerhard Guder (1924–2013), architect and urban planner
• Joachim Teege (1925–1969), actor and cabaret artist
• Erich Schlossarek (1928–2011), author
• Volker Klemm (1930–2018), agricultural historian
• Ursula Wasnetsky (1931–2009), chess player and official
• Renate Krüger (1934–2016), writer and publicist
• Rudolf Seifert (* 1934), world champion in canoe slalom
• Hubert Laitko (* 1935), science historian and theorist
• Jost Glase (1936–1990), writer and university professor
• Renate Junker (* 1938), track and field athlete
• Albrecht Papenroth (* 1939), politician (SPD), 1994–2002 member of the German Bundestag
• Heidi Wagner-Kerkhof (* 1945), sculptor, medalist and graphic artist
• Erhard Gröger (* 1947), soccer player
• Hans-Dieter Paulo (* 1956), football player
• Jörg Jenter (* 1958), soccer player
• Volkmar Kuhlee (* 1961), soccer player
• Dirk Meier (* 1964), racing cyclist
• Michael Hirte (* 1964), winner of the RTL show Das Supertalent
• Mike Werner (* 1971), soccer player
• Raik Nowka (* 1975), politician (CDU), 2014–2019 member of the Brandenburg State Parliament
• Mareen Kräh (* 1984), German judoka
• Sebastian Piersig (* 1984), slalom canoeist, finalist in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing
• Franziska Wiese (* 1986), pop singer, model
• Erik Balzer (* 1991), track cyclist

Personalities associated with Spremberg

• Martha Israel (1905–?), Sorbian city councilor in Spremberg and member of the People's Chamber of the GDR
• Peter Jokostra (1912–2007), writer and literary critic, companion of Erwin Strittmatter, lived in Spremberg until 1953
• Oskar Fischer (1923–2020), functionary of the FDJ district association Spremberg, later Minister for Foreign Affairs of the GDR
• Irmgard Kuhlee (1927-2018), painter
• Hanna-Renate Laurien (1928–2010), politician (CDU), school senator and president of the Berlin House of Representatives, attended grammar school in Spremberg
• Dieter Dressler (1932–2011), painter and graphic artist, worked closely with the Schwarze Pump gas combine
• Jack Barsky (* 1949), ex-KGB spy, attended high school in Spremberg
• Solveig Bolduan (* 1958), painter, sculptor and ceramicist
• Felix Michel (* 1984), slalom canoeist of the SG unit Spremberg, finalist Olympia 2008 in Beijing
• Kurt Kuschela (* 1988), two-man canoeing canoeist , gold medalist at the Olympics 2012 in London

Spremberg originals

Spremberg originals

Spremberger originals are figures that, in contrast to city ​​originals, cannot always be traced back to real people. Some of them were "invented" in the last century for city festivals in order to increase their attractiveness. Today these originals, which are all presented on a voluntary basis, can be found at the Spremberger Heimatfest, at tourism fairs and other regional highlights.

The most important originals are:

• Mother pear tree
• Night watchman Kulke
• Robber Captain Lauermann
• Colonel Hadubrand
• Harry Piel

Others

Dahlia city ​​of Spremberg

Information sign at the Spremberg bypass

A local horticultural company bred a dahlia in 2008 that was named "Stadt Spremberg". A first example was on 26 May 2009 at the newly formed Citizens garden just behind the community center planted.

Since March 19, 2013 it has been possible again to order the license plate "SPB" , which was no longer allocated from 1994, as a desired license plate .

On the occasion of the Brandenburg Day in July 2014, a calibrated checkpoint for navigation devices was installed in the ground on the Kleiner Markt in Spremberg, directly next to the Saebisch-Brunnen, by the Land Surveying and Geobasis Information Brandenburg (LGB). This checkpoint is the second one that was set in Brandenburg .

In 2013, the state of Brandenburg had offered municipalities to set up additional non-official signs at bypasses , on which travelers are informed about attractions and offers of the city as well as their additional designation, such as "Pearl of Lusatia - parlicka Łužyce". The aim was to counteract concerns and criticism, particularly in the catering and retail sectors, who feared a drop in sales due to bypass roads . Spremberg was the only municipality in Brandenburg to make use of this and put up two of these signs in April 2013. The three-year test phase on the benefits of the signs was never finally assessed by the Potsdam Ministry of Infrastructure. At the beginning of December 2018, the city was asked to remove these signs at its own expense. At the end of December 2018, the Ministry of Infrastructure announced on request that, contrary to previous information, not you, but the city of Spremberg should now prove the use of these signs. After another meeting between representatives of the city, the Brandenburg State Office for Roads and the Ministry of Infrastructure and State Planning, it was agreed that the city of Spremberg must document the benefits of the signs in a comprehensive report by December 31, 2021. Only then can a decision be made about the final whereabouts of the signs.

literature

• Maritha Ihle: Spremberg in old views . European Library Zaltbommel / Netherlands, 1991, ISBN 90-288-5209-3 .
• Andreas Kottwitz: Spremberg is a frontline town . 1993.
• Maritha Ihle, Klaus Fischer: Cityscapes from Spremberg . Stadt-Bild-Verlag, Leipzig 1993, ISBN 3-928741-52-7 .
• Maritha Ihle: Memories of the old district Spremberg . European Library Zaltbommel / Netherlands 1993, ISBN 90-288-5976-4 .
• Werner Bader : The devil actuary from Spremberg . Werner-Bader-Verlag, Görne 1997, ISBN 3-9805869-0-1 .
• 700 years of the city of Spremberg. City of Spremberg, 2000.
• Torsten Richter: Saved church at a symbolic place in Spremberg. In: Lausitzer Rundschau. April 4, 2009.
• Gerhard Schmidt: Spremberg Pearl of Lusatia . KDI Euroverlag, 2001, ISBN 3-934989-17-9 .
• Rainer Weisflog, Dieter Kappelmüller: Spremberg. Nice sides of a city . ALfA Verlagsgesellschaft, 2005, ISBN 3-935513-16-X .
• Eckbert Kwast: Spremberg - When the chimneys were still smoking. Leipziger Verlagsgesellschaft Verlag for cultural history and art, 2007, ISBN 978-3-910143-99-9 .
• Spremberg - From history, part 2 . City of Spremberg, 2007.
• Friederichwert: Chronicle of Spremberg in connection with an outline of the history of Niederlausitz (anniversary publication to celebrate the 1000th anniversary of Spremberg). Spremberg 1893.

swell

• Kulturbund Spremberg (Ed.): Local calendar of the Spremberg district in 1958 .
• City of Spremberg (Ed.): 700 years of the city of Spremberg .
• Kulturbund Spremberg (Hrsg.): Home calendar of the city Spremberg and surroundings . 2001, 2003.
• Eckbert Kwast: A stone tells of its past. In: Kulturbund Spremberg (Ed.): Local calendar of the city of Spremberg and the surrounding area 2007 .
• Manfred Ihle: The building history of the Kreuzkirche. In: Stadt Spremberg (Hrsg.): Stadt Spremberg From history 2nd part .
• D. Böhrenz: A tower clock with a special charm. In: Kulturbund Spremberg (Ed.): Local calendar for the city of Spremberg and the surrounding area 2012 .

Web links

Wikisource: Spremberg  - Sources and full texts

Commons : Spremberg  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Spremberg  - travel guide

Wikivoyage: Old Mining Tour  - Travel Guide

• Website of the city of Spremberg
• Image film of the city of Spremberg , first published on August 21, 2020
• Türkendorf in the RBB program Landschleicher on September 7, 2008

Footnotes

1. ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
2. ^ Message from the Brandenburg Ministry of the Interior
3. ↑ Ministry approves "Pearl of Lusatia" . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. August 6, 2013.
4. ↑ Additional name, Pearl of Lusatia . Official website of the city of Spremberg
5. ↑ Deaths in Spremberg rise to a record high . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. February 9, 2020.
6. ^ Service portal of the state administration of the state of Brandenburg: City of Spremberg
7. ^ Districts of the city of Spremberg. In: stadt-spremberg.de. Retrieved February 7, 2018 . 
8. ^ History of the city of Spremberg, information from the city administration, accessed on May 16, 2019
9. ^ Translation of the document on the first mention of the city of Spremberg, accessed on May 16, 2019
10. ↑ Medieval leper houses in today's Brandenburg and Berlin (Klapper 1998), accessed on May 16, 2019
11. ↑ Bartosz Paprocki, Christoph Pfeiffer: Paprotzkivs Envcleatvs or core and extract from the so-called Moravian history mirror . Brachvogel, Breslau and Leipzig 1730, p. 200 ( digitized version in the Google book search).
12. ^ From Spremberg to the Kausche basin . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. April 15, 2005.
13. ↑ Long bridge with the Hübel department store. Letters from the reader. In: The Märkische Bote. June 18, 2011.
14. ↑ An entire federal state is reflected in this city . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. 7th July 2014.
15. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
16. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1998
17. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2002
18. ↑ Land clears the way for the incorporation of Hornow-Wadelsdorf . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. December 18, 2015.
19. ^ The place names of the Spremberg district. In: Spremberger Anzeiger. July 9, 1935.
20. ^ Chronicle of the city and the Spremberg district by W. Reinhold 1843
21. ↑ Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Spree-Neiße , pp. 26–29.
22. ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2017 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
23. ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
24. ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
25. ↑ Spremberg local elections . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. May 30, 2019.
26. ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 5
27. ↑ AfD cannot occupy all seats in parliament after the election . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. May 27, 2019.
28. ↑ The independent voter association UWG von Spremberg remains active. . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. June 21, 2019.
29. ^ Green light for the new city parliament in Spremberg. . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. 19th June 2019.
30. ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 74 (1)
31. ^ Result of the mayoral election on January 26, 2014
32. ↑ Christine Herntier takes office . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. January 30, 2014.
33. ↑ Starting signal for the next election . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. September 24, 2013.
34. ↑ Christina Schönherr says goodbye . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. 19th December 2013.
35. ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
36. ^ Official Journal for the City of Spremberg, Main Statute of the City of Spremberg January 17, 2014, p. 4.
37. ↑ City arms / city ​​colors of the city of Spremberg . Homepage Spremberg.de
38. ↑ spremberg-evangelisch.de
39. ↑ Wendish Church
40. ↑ Saved church in a symbolic place . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. May 19, 2009.
41. ↑ Old town heroes found - Niederlausitz awarded six times . In: Niederlausitz Aktuell. 29th August 2014.
42. ↑ Gaining height with color . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. July 16, 2008.
43. ↑ Picture and tree attest to a 20-year friendship . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. 11th August 2019.
44. ↑ Sprembergs post office is closed until further notice . In: Lausitzer Rundschau from August 28, 2017.
45. ↑ Postbank is looking for alternatives with Stadt . In: Lausitzer Rundschau from September 1, 2017.
46. ↑ Hauptpost-Aus annoys city boss . In: Lausitzer Rundschau from September 12, 2017.
47. ↑ Package frustration plagues Spremberg . In: Lausitzer Rundschau from November 16, 2017.
48. ↑ Apartments are being built in the former post office . In: Lausitzer Rundschau from December 6, 2017.
49. ↑ ^{a b} Tourist Association "Region Spremberg" (ed.): Bismarck Tower Spremberg - inaugurated in 1903 . (undated flyer)
50. ↑ Since most of the cannons were still made of bronze around 1870 , they must have been melted down for armament purposes.
51. ↑ Treasure discovered on the Georgenberg . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. October 26, 2013.
52. ↑ Spremberg has a gem back . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. 5th July 2014.
53. ↑ Looking for old memorial plaques . In: Lausitzer Rundschau May 23, 2016.
54. ↑ The lost obelisk is here . In: Märkischer Bote November 25, 2016.
55. ↑ A miracle on the Georgenberg . In: Lausitzer Rundschau March 19, 2018.
56. ↑ Spremberger worries about the Soviet memorial . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. January 3, 2008.
57. ↑ Ehrenfriedhof is being redesigned . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. October 14, 2014.
58. ^ Violent dispute over wreath loops when reburied on the Georgenberg . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. October 28, 2010.
59. ↑ The Spremberger Georgenberg is slipping . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. January 19, 2011.
60. ↑ Slope renovation further issue . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. May 29, 2013.
61. ↑ Free sport! at the heavenly ladder . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. June 26, 2014.
62. ↑ Decision of the SVV, signposting the monument, “Overcome hurdles” . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. July 25, 2008.
63. ↑ SIA resolution for monument complex "Overcoming hurdles" . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. February 13, 2009.
64. ↑ Art Nouveau fountain bubbles again . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. August 12, 2013.
65. ↑ Association revives precious wells . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. 3rd August 2013.
66. ↑ Memorial stones destroyed in the lapidary . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. November 12, 2013.
67. ↑ Lausitzer Rundschau of April 12, 1988, local page
68. ↑ Memorial stone for Ernst Tschickert . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. October 3, 2009.
69. ↑ Anonymous: Zedlitzer Strasse with iron foundry. In: The Märkische Bote. November 4, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2017 . 
70. ^ Albert Gieseler: power and steam engines. In: Steam Engines and Locomotives. Retrieved February 22, 2017 . 
71. ↑ Anonymous: Inner-city wasteland is becoming more and more dangerous. In: Lausitzer Rundschau. October 13, 2015, accessed February 24, 2017 . 
72. ↑ Anonymous: Cloth factory Ludwig Levy Spremberg. In: Industrie.Kultur.Ost. Retrieved February 22, 2017 . 
73. ↑ Karl Hell Wech: Germany jubilee companies. Cottbus Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Deutscher Jubiläumsverlag, Leipzig (1928), p. 61.
74. ↑ Sandra Voss: Model for the future? Employees take over a hospital , featured on February 1, 2017 in the country report series on Deutschlandradio Kultur
75. ↑ Change of ownership from Vattenfall to EPH in the Lausitz area . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. September 30, 2016.
76. ↑ Dynamic Charting Tool at www.infomine.com
77. ↑ Hope is red ( memento of April 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). Süddeutsche Zeitung April 8, 2010
78. ^ Website of the Kupferschiefer Lausitz GmbH
79. ↑ Lausitz copper mine comes later rbb-online.de, October 26, 2013.
80. ^ Spremberger copper mine is moving into the distance . In: Lausitzer Rundschau May 15, 2014.
81. ↑ Opened through the town and roundabout in Spremberg. In: www.niederlausitz-aktuell.de, July 4, 2018
82. ↑ B 97: Saxony and Brandenburg build the Spremberg bypass ( memento from August 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) . Publication Medienservice Sachsen, June 25, 2007.
83. ↑ New entrance gate to the city opened . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. April 7, 2014.
84. ↑ Klaus-Peter Ernst: The railway history of the city Spremberg / Lausitz. Regia-Verlag, Cottbus 2008, ISBN 978-3-939656-79-1 .
85. ↑ Spree-Neisse bus starts on January 1st, 2015 . In: Lusatia industries. December 16, 2014.
86. ^ Erwin-Strittmatter-Gymnasium . Homepage Erwin-Strittmatter-Gymnasium
87. ↑ Classes, number of students, teachers . Homepage education server Berlin-Brandenburg
88. ↑ 80th Panzer Regiment, cf. Armin Wagner, Matthias Uhl: BND versus Soviet Army. Ch.links, 2007, ISBN 978-3-86153-461-7 , p. 23.
89. ↑ The end after almost 70 years . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. January 3, 2004.
90. ↑ The last symbol of the barracks has fallen . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. April 8, 2004.
91. ^ Dahlia City of Spremberg .
92. ↑ Dahlia Spremberg planted in the Bürgergarten . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. May 22, 2009.
93. ↑ SPB license plate available again . In: Lausitzer Rundschau. 21st March 2013.
94. ↑ Spremberg has a checkpoint for navigation systems . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. July 8, 2014.
95. ↑ Spremberg's shield bourgeois prank . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. 2nd December 2018.
96. ↑ Conflict over the “Pearl of Lusatia” - Minister comments on Spremberger's sign dispute . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. December 28, 2018.
97. ↑ Spremberger Schilder dispute is settled for the time being . In: Lausitzer Rundschau-online. 22nd August 2019.