Groß-Umstadt

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Groß-Umstadt
Groß-Umstadt
Map of Germany, position of the city of Groß-Umstadt highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 52 '  N , 8 ° 56'  E

Basic data
State : Hesse
Administrative region : Darmstadt
County : Darmstadt-Dieburg
Height : 159 m above sea level NHN
Area : 86.84 km 2
Residents: 21,251 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 245 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 64823
Area code : 06078
License plate : DA, TU
Community key : 06 4 32 010
LOCODE : DE GXD
City structure: Core city with 8 districts

City administration address : 		Markt 1
64823 Groß-Umstadt
Website : www.gross-umstadt.de
Mayor : Joachim Ruppert ( SPD )
Location of the city of Groß-Umstadt in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district
Erzhausen Weiterstadt Griesheim Pfungstadt Bickenbach (Bergstraße) Alsbach-Hähnlein Seeheim-Jugenheim Modautal Mühltal Ober-Ramstadt Messel Eppertshausen Münster (Hessen) Dieburg Roßdorf (bei Darmstadt) Fischbachtal Groß-Bieberau Reinheim Groß-Zimmern Otzberg Groß-Umstadt Schaafheim Babenhausen (Hessen) Darmstadt Bayern Odenwaldkreis Kreis Bergstraße Kreis Groß-Gerau Landkreis Offenbachmap
About this picture

Groß-Umstadt is a town in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district in southern Hesse . The city forms the middle center in the eastern district area.

geography

Geographical location

District of the core city

Groß-Umstadt is located in southern Hesse on the edge of the Odenwald and the Rhine-Main area . The highest point of the city is the Heidelberg to 365 m above sea level (southeast of the district Wiebelsbach), the highest elevation of the district Gross-Umstadt the old height of 358 m above sea level (in an easterly direction to the district Dorndiel).

Neighboring communities

Groß-Umstadt borders in the north on the municipality of Münster (Hesse) and the city of Babenhausen , in the east on the municipalities of Schaafheim and Mömlingen ( district of Miltenberg , administrative district of Lower Franconia , Bavaria ) and on the city of Breuberg ( Odenwaldkreis ), in the south on the municipality of Höchst in the Odenwald (Odenwaldkreis) and in the west to the communities of Otzberg and Groß-Zimmer and in the northwest to the city of Dieburg .

City structure

Around half of the approximately 22,000 inhabitants live in the city center, the other half in the towns of Dorndiel , Heubach , Kleestadt , Klein-Umstadt , Raibach , Richen , Semd and Wiebelsbach, which were incorporated into Hesse from 1970 to 1977 as part of the regional reform . Frau-Naus , which has been incorporated there since 1961, also belongs to the Wiebelsbach district .

history

Remains of a Roman grave monument (right) with a representation from today's perspective (left) from the 2nd century in the Umstädter Heimatmuseum . Finds from the Groß-Umstädter town church in the remains of a villa rustica.

Paleolithic and Ancient Period

The Roman "grape stones" in the town church

Prehistoric traces are known from the district, since the Paleolithic. Around 125 AD, the Civitas Auderiensium with the capital Dieburg ( Med ... ) was founded as part of the Roman settlement of the right bank of the Rhine in the province of Germania superior . A planned settlement and Romanization of the area began as a result. Agricultural goods were laid out around the central market and administrative headquarters. The main building of such a villa rustica was excavated under the current town church, places of other Roman country estates in today's urban area are known. The Villae Rusticae existed until the Alemanni invasions towards the end of the third century ( Limesfall ). What happened until it was first mentioned 450 years later is still in the dark of history. Alemannic and later Franconian graves, especially in the area between the current seat of the Sparkasse and the train station, indicate a continuing settlement in the urban area. The construction of the church in the core area of ​​the former Villa Rustica also speaks for continuous settlement, but at least for a conscious connection to the previous settlement.

Early middle ages

After the Franks had conquered the territory of the Alemanni , they laid out royal courts to secure the administration. Such is now safe for Umstadt. The Umstädter Mark was administered from here , which not only comprised the entire present-day urban area and districts, but also the communities of Otzberg , Höchst (Odw.), Breuberg and Schaafheim. At that time Umstadt existed as a market town with a church and a count's seat. Groß-Umstadt was first mentioned in a document as an act of authority in 741 . The name Autmundisstat indicates a site of the Autmundis (Edmund?), Other explanations try to prove Roman naming traditions: Autmundis = ad montes (on the mountains), which describes the topography of Umstadt seen from the direction of Dieburg. In 766, the Fulda monastery acquired the ownership of the Umstädter Mark, which also included Groß-Umstadt. In 985 there are documented three churches, mills and vineyards that belong to the monastery.

Late Middle Ages

The tithe cake in the Umstadt district in the 15th and 16th centuries with their various later affiliations
The Wambolt's coat of arms between the north and south of the Wambolt's castle in Groß-Umstadt

As part of the general upswing in the High Middle Ages , Umstadt has had city ​​rights since at least 1263 and was provided with a city ​​wall . Small remains can be found mainly northwest of the Darmstadt Castle and can be traced at the Palatinate Castle , both of which were located directly on the city wall.

Conrad IV von Hanau had got into heavy debt for his election as prince abbot of the Fulda monastery in 1373. Immediately after taking office, the consequence was that he tried to refinance the debt he had incurred from the Fulda Reichsstift . As early as 1374 he pledged the fortress Otzberg , the city of Hering and shares in the city of Umstadt for 23,875  florins to his nephew, Ulrich IV. Von Hanau . Other parts were taken over by the Electoral Palatinate , the Umstadt condominium was created . Structurally, this is documented in two palace buildings: The Hanau Palace, which emerged from the first moated castle in the northeast corner of the city, and the Palatinate Palace in the southwest corner. In between, the noble houses of the Burgmanns arose. The seat of the Wambolt von Umstadt family soon outstripped the two palaces of the city lords.

Early modern age

The Umstädter Elle at the town hall, dated 1604
Copper engraving by Matthäus Merian from volume 5 "Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum" of Topographia Germaniae published in 1645. The picture shows " Umbstatt "

In 1504, Landgrave Wilhelm II of Hesse, the Middle , conquered the city in the Landshut War of Succession and on behalf of the Roman-German King Maximilian I. Since the Palatinate and its allied Hanau were defeated in the dispute, Wilhelm II of Hesse initially occupied the city, and the situation was not cleared up until the Diet of Worms in 1521. The result is another condominium, this time between Hesse and the Palatinate. Hanau retired, received for 12,000 guilders and several villages from the centering Umstadt, namely Harpertshausen , Kleestadt , Langstadt and Schlierbach .

Under the joint rule of Hesse and the Palatinate, the city flourished until shortly before the Thirty Years War . One of the expressions is the town hall, which has been preserved to this day and was built from 1596, and a reinforced military fortification to secure the town. The strong fortification with bastions prevented greater destruction, but the population suffered from hardship and deprivation in the chaos of war and the associated loss of infrastructure, not least due to the population decimation of the great plague of 1634 to 1636, urban development fell behind. Umbstatt , the up-and-coming administrative center , is becoming an insignificant rural small town.

During the Palatinate War of Succession in 1688, the city was briefly occupied and devastated in December by 600 dragoons under the Marquis von Barbistere .

19th century

In 1802, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt took over overall control of the city. In the then newly founded district of Dieburg, Umstadt was the second most important city: It was the seat of numerous offices and schools, the Umstadt district court , the district savings bank and the district hospital.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Groß-Umstadt in 1829:

“Umstadt (L. Bez. Dieburg) city; also metropolis; is on the foothills of the Odenwald in one plain, 2 St. from Dieburg, has 2 suburbs and consists of 392 houses and 3050 inhabitants, among which 2276 Lutherans, 360 Reform., 334 Cath. and 80 Jews, such as 29 There are civil servants, 74 farmers, 391 tradesmen and 76 day laborers. Umstadt is the seat of the regional court, the chief tax collector, the rent office, the college and the forest inspector and consists of a Lutheran, a Reformed and a Catholic parish. The main buildings are: 1) the town church for the Lutheran and Reformed parishes; it contains many old tombstones of vambolde, rascals, goose etc .; 2) the Palatinate Castle, formerly the Fulda castle house, in which above the district court and below the Catholic. Church is located; 3) the Darmstadt castle, now the apartment of the rent clerk and the chief collector; 4) the von Wambold castle; 5) the von Curti`sche castle; 6) the city hospital, which appears as early as 1451; 7) the town hall. You can still find many buildings that announce themselves by their coats of arms as apartments of the formerly very numerous nobility. There is an industrial school, 8 grinding mills and 2 tinder mills, 2 brick huts and 8 tanneries. There are many linen weavers and red tanners among the craftsmen. A lot of poppies are grown and in recent times many vineyards have been planted; the quarries produce a bad kind of red sandstone. - In the Oberwaldungen there are still the remains of a small castle, which belonged to the Wambolden von Umstadt, and which is supposed to be their main castle. Half an hour from Umstadt was the town of Wächtersbach, which was destroyed in the Bavarian feud and whose residents grew into Umstadt. Five markets are held annually. - The royal Franconian imperial villa Autmundistatt, Omenestadt or Ohmestatt appears in 741. At this time Carlomann donated the church, or actually the patronage of Umstadt, to the diocese of Würzburg, and in 768 the villa was donated to the Fulda abbey by Pipin. Many individual surrounding goods belonged to the villa, from which villages gradually developed. In the 12th century, the Abbey of Fulda gave one half of the town and castle Umstadt to the lord of Munzenberg, and after its exit in 1255, Reinhard von Hanau, as the oldest daughter of the Münzenberg, asserted himself there, while the Counts of Katzenellenbogen Fulda half, together with the Vogteirecht, carried a fiefdom from Fulda for a long time. Hanau remained in an undivided community with Fulda until finally Fulda, in 1374, pledged its half to Umstadt and the rule of Otzberg, for 23.875 florins to Hanau, and finally in 1390, along with the leasability of the Hanau half, with the exception of the parish of Umstadt, Hereditary and peculiarly sold to the Elector Ruprecht the parents of the Palatinate. Until the solution was found, in 1427, Hanau remained in sole possession and then took half of it from the Palatinate as a fief. In the Bavarian feud in 1504, Landgrave Wilhelm II took the city away and remained in undivided ownership until 1521, until the city of Umstadt was jointly owned by Hesse and the Palatinate, while Hanau was resigned by the Elector. The Hessian half was again divided between Darmstadt and Cassel, until, in the Thirty Years' War, Darmstadt took away both the Cassel and Palatine shares. However, the Peace of Westphalia restored everything to its previous status. Cassel now gave half of his share to Hesse Rheinfels; Palatinate now had 4 ⁄ 8 ; Darmstadt 2 ⁄ 8 ; Cassel and Rheinfels 1 ⁄ 8 from Umstadt. The latter 1 ⁄ 8 was exchanged to Darmstadt in 1668, which in 1705 also received Cassel's share. Darmstadt and the Palatinate now owned the city in equal parts, but their joint ownership gave rise to innumerable disputes, both politically and ecclesiastically. Finally in 1802 the Palatinate share in Hesse came. "

From 1857 onwards the city had to be called "Groß-Umstadt" to distinguish between Klein-Umstadt and Wenigumstadt . After the connection to the Odenwaldbahn Hanau - Michelstadt - Eberbach , numerous workshops and industrial companies settled in the city.

From 1839 to 1931 there was intensive mining on barite . See also: List of mines in the Odenwald .

20th century

In 1933, 60% of the people from Umstadt voted for the NSDAP , in 1938 the synagogue was desecrated and finally demolished in 1978 against the will of the local council and district council and taken to Hessenpark .

After the Second World War , the population grew and increased to around 22,500 through numerous incorporations. A large Portuguese community lives in the city and contributes to the numerous festivals. The city of Groß-Umstadt also stands out due to the lively participation of citizens in planning processes and urban development (participatory budgeting , local implementation of Agenda 21 ) as well as a rich club life.

Incorporations

In the course of the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent municipalities Wiebelsbach (on December 31, 1971) and Raibach (on April 1, 1972) were incorporated into Groß-Umstadt on a voluntary basis. On January 1, 1977, Groß-Umstadt and the municipalities of Dorndiel , Heubach , Kleestadt , Klein-Umstadt , Richen and Semd merged on the basis of the law to reorganize the districts of Darmstadt and Dieburg and the city of Darmstadt to form the new city of Groß-Umstadt. For the core city of Groß-Umstadt and the districts of Dorndiel, Heubach, Kleestadt, Klein-Umstadt, Raibach, Richen, Semd and Wiebelsbach, local districts with local advisory councils and local heads were established in accordance with the Hessian municipal code. The boundaries of the local districts follow the municipal boundaries of December 30, 1971.

Historical forms of names

Historical forms of name were (in brackets the year of the certificate):

Authorization (741) Act of authority (766) Act of authority (773)
Act of authority (822) Omuntesstat (889) Ommuntestat (923)
Ohms instead of (1156) Unnestat, Vnnestat (1261) Unnesty (1288)
maior Omstat (1303) Omistat maior, Omestad (1314) Omstat (1322)
Grozen Omstadt (1329) Ombstad, Omstad (1427) Onstait (1460)
Grozen Omstadt (1451) Omstatt (1462) Ompstat (1465)
Umbstat (1473) Umstatt (1478) VVmbstatt (1547)
Vmbstatt (1556)

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Groß-Umstadt was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population structure

According to the 2011 census , there were 20,699 inhabitants in Groß-Umstadt on May 9, 2011. These included 2150 (10.4%) foreigners of whom 1446 came from outside the EU , 519 from other European countries and 185 from other countries. 8.3% of the German residents had a migration background . The inhabitants lived in 8702 households. Of these, 2535 were single households , 2494 couples without children and 2729 couples with children, as well as 756 single parents and 188 shared apartments .

Population development

Groß-Umstadt divided into districts (as of 2006)
Population development of Groß-Umstadt.svg Population development of Groß-Umstadt - from 1871 onwards
Desc-i.svg
Population development of Groß-Umstadt. Above from 800 to 2017. Below an excerpt from 1871. The blue curve at the top in both graphs shows the population development by incorporation.
year Population
(excluding districts)
800 100
985 200
1465 300
1565 400
1604 1,000
1633 1,058
1634 1,184
1635 1,178
1636 424
1734 1,480
1806 2,385
1816 2,780
year Population
(excluding districts)
1829 3,050
1845 3,040
1857 2,679
1905 3,580
1910 3,746
1939 3,880
1945 4,500
1946 5.113
1961 6,931
1970 8,704
1990 9,087
year Population
(by incorporation)
(as of December 31st)
1976 18,180
1998 21,175
2000 21,403
2002 21,620
2004 21,724
2006 22,600
2008 22,187
2010 21,334
2012 20,836
2016 21,058
2017 21,104

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 002276 Lutheran (= 74.62%), 360 Reformed (= 11.80%), 80 Jewish (= 2.62%) and 334 Catholic (= 10.95%) residents
• 1961: 004840 Protestant (= 69.83%), 1929 Catholic (= 27.83%) residents
• 2011: 10,160 Protestant (= 49.1%), 5730 Catholic (= 27.7%), 170 Orthodox (= 0.8%), 290 non-believers (= 1.4%), 4220  other (= 20.4%) residents

Gainful employment

The municipality in comparison with the district, administrative district Darmstadt and Hesse:

year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Employees subject to social security contributions 2017 6,693 74,525 1,695,567 2,524,156
Change to 2000 + 44.7% + 21.1% + 16.1% + 16.0%
of which full-time 2017 64.7% 68.3% 72.8% 71.8%
of which part-time 2017 35.3% 31.7% 27.2% 28.2%
Only marginally paid employees 2017 1,516 15.305 224.267 372.991
Change to 2000 + 52.7% + 14.4% + 9.0% + 8.8%
Branch year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Manufacturing 2000 35.1% 41.1% 27.0% 30.6%
2017 28.0% 31.3% 20.4% 24.3%
Commerce, hospitality and transport 2000 20.8% 26.1% 26.4% 25.1%
2017 20.1% 26.8% 24.7% 23.8%
Business services 2000 19.1% 11.6% 25.1% 20.2%
2017 22.1% 17.1% 31.6% 26.1%
other services 2000 23.6% 18.8% 20.1% 22.5%
2017 29.3% 23.6% 23.0% 25.4%
Other (or without assignment) 2000 01.3% 02.4% 01.4% 01.5%
2017 00.8% 00.5% 00.3% 00.4%

Religions

The Catholic St. Gallus Church as seen from Realschulstrasse.
Renaissance town hall

Most of the city has been Protestant since the Reformation . For a long time, the condominium separated it into an Evangelical Lutheran (Hessen-Darmstadt) and a Reformed (Palatinate) church. Long since reunited under the roof of one church, its members now belong to the Evangelical Church of Hesse and Nassau . In the city is the seat of the Evangelical Dean's Office Vorderer Odenwald. There are parishes in Groß-Umstadt, Klein-Umstadt with Raibach and Dorndiel, Kleestadt and Richen and in Semd. The Diakonisches Werk has a branch in Darmstadt Castle .

A Protestant free church, the Ecclesia parish, is located in the Klein-Umstadt district.

In the 18th century a small Catholic community re-established itself . With the events of the Second World War and the post-war period, the city became a new home for many expellees . With the arrival of many Portuguese citizens (around every eighth citizen of the city has Portuguese roots) and resettlers from the area of ​​the former Soviet Union , a stable, larger Catholic community has emerged again. The parish of St. Gallus belongs to the diocese of Mainz . She looks after the city center as well as all other districts except Semd and Wiebelsbach, which have their own pastor. There is also a Catholic-Portuguese mission.

politics

City Council

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the 2016 city council
     
A total of 37 seats
Parties and constituencies %
2016 		Seats
2016 		%
2011 		Seats
2011 		%
2006 		Seats
2006 		%
2001 		Seats
2001
SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 40.5 15th 43.6 16 42.4 16 45.4 17th
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany 21.7 8th 23.8 9 28.1 10 34.2 12
GREEN Alliance 90 / The Greens 13.2 5 15.5 6th 9.2 3 10.5 4th
BVG Citizens' Association Groß-Umstadt 16.6 6th 13.5 5 17.5 7th 10.0 4th
FDP Free Democratic Party 7.9 3 3.6 1 2.8 1 - -
total 100.0 37 100.0 37 100.0 37 100.0 37
Voter turnout in% 49.4% 50.3% 46.2% 51.4%

After ten years of fundamental cooperation between the SPD, the strongest force in the city parliament, with the CDU, the city has been governed by a red-green coalition since 2016. The elected head of the city ​​council is provided by the SPD parliamentary group, and his five deputies are each represented by a member of the parliamentary groups represented in the city parliament.

magistrate

Mayor Joachim Ruppert

The magistrate reflects the seating arrangements of the city council. In addition to the mayor (Joachim Ruppert, SPD), the council also includes four members of the SPD, two members of the CDU and one member each from Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen, the BVG and the FDP.

The magistrate is the city's administrative authority . According to the resolutions of the city council, it takes care of the day-to-day administration of the municipality (executive) within the framework of the funds made available.

mayor

Joachim Ruppert (SPD) has been mayor of Groß-Umstadt since January 1, 2006. He was confirmed in office on August 14, 2011 with 85.1% and on August 20, 2017 with 79.2% for a further six years.

List of mayors

  • 1908–1918: Ernst Ohl (1841–1923), Free Economic Association
  • 1923–1933: Johannes Lampe, SPD
  • 1945–1954: Peter Hartmann (1888–1969), SPD
  • 1954–1965: Ludwig Wedel (1909–1993), SPD
  • 1969–1988: Hugo Seibert (1925–2011), non-party
  • 1988–2005: Wilfried Köbler (1946–2017), SPD
  • since 2006: Joachim Ruppert , SPD

Districts

The following local districts with local advisory board and local councilor according to the Hessian municipal code exist in the city area:

  • Dorndiel district (areas of the former Dorndiel municipality ). The local advisory board consists of five members.
  • Umstadt district (areas of the former Umstadt municipality). The local advisory board consists of nine members.
  • Heubach district (areas of the former Heubach municipality ). The local advisory board consists of seven members.
  • Kleestadt district (areas of the former Kleestadt municipality ). The local advisory board consists of seven members.
  • Klein-Umstadt district (areas of the former Klein-Umstadt community ). The local advisory board consists of seven members.
  • Local district of Raibach (areas of the former municipality of Raibach ). The local advisory board consists of five members.
  • Richen district (areas of the former municipality of Richen ). The local advisory board consists of seven members.
  • Semd district (areas of the former Semd municipality ). The local advisory board consists of seven members.
  • Wiebelsbach district (areas of the former Wiebelsbach municipality ). The local advisory board consists of five members.

badges and flags

The coat of arms of the city in sandstone at the Max-Planck- Gymnasium
Banner, coat of arms and flag
Banner Groß-Umstadt.svg Coat of arms Groß-Umstadt.svg
Flag of Groß-Umstadt.svg

coat of arms

Blazon : “In blue a tinned silver wall, a central tower and two octagonal side towers, each covered in red with a golden cross and golden knobs. Between the towers on the right the Hanau coat of arms (three red rafters in gold) and on the left the Fulda coat of arms (black cross in silver). "

The coat of arms in its current form was designed by the heraldist Heinz Ritt .

It is based on the oldest known seals of the city and shows the stylized city wall. The small signs between the towers show the former affiliation of the Umstadt office to Hanau and Fulda .

flag

The flag was approved on May 18, 1984 by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior .

Flag description: "The city coat of arms without a shield border is placed on the blue central strip between red / white edge strips (red on the outside) in the upper half."

Usually, however, a flag is used, the edge of which runs around the entire flag cloth and shows the coat of arms in the shield.

Town twinning

In addition to the two longstanding partner cities, which, like Groß-Umstadt, are characterized by viticulture, another partnership officially signed on September 17, 2010 with the Italian municipality of Dicomano was added:

Blason Saint-Péray.svg Saint-Péray , France , Ardèche department , since 1966
STS1.png Santo Tirso , Portugal , Norte Region , since 1988
Dicomano.png Dicomano , Italy , metropolitan city of Florence , since 2010

Culture and sights

View into the inner courtyard of the Museumshofreite with a view of the cowshed , today a restaurant and lecture venue of the museum association

Cultural monuments

Museums

On the street in the neighboring district of Raibach is the former Gruberhof , which was prepared as a local museum and today, as the city's museum and cultural center, is also a location for local events. It is run by the Museum and History Association Groß-Umstadt e. V. looks after and is a communal institution.

Buildings

Directly on the historic market is the 1596-1605 built Renaissance - Town Hall , and on the foundations of a Roman villa rustica and stems of the Merovingian and Carolingian built Protestant church, the tower from the mid-13th century and the main building from the time dates from 1465 to 1494, and has several dozen individual monuments in and around the church. In the old town there are, in addition to numerous half-timbered houses, six of the former seven castles or aristocratic courts, including the Wambolt Castle in the Renaissance style, the Darmstadt Castle (formerly known as Hanau Castle ) with small remains of a moated castle and the Palatinate Castle (ground floor medieval, upper floor of 1806) and the Curti Castle (which was replaced by an extension to the grammar school in 1963) . These include the Rodensteiner Schloss (also called Rodensteiner Hof), the Heddersdorf'sche and the Gans'sche Adelshof .

  • The Evangelical City Church in Umstadt

  • Half-timbered houses in Schwanengasse

  • The market square with the maid of honor fountain

  • The former district court

  • Historic wine bar Brücke-Ohl with a view towards the market square

  • Half-timbered houses at Christmas time in Hanauer Gasse near the market square and Darmstadt Castle

Former synagogue

The inside of the synagogue of the Jewish Community, inaugurated in 1874, was completely devastated in 1938 but was not set on fire for fear of the fire spreading to the old town. In 1978 the then dilapidated synagogue building was demolished against the will of the local council and district council. From 1983 it was rebuilt in the Hessenpark open-air museum in Neu-Anspach and for many years could only be viewed from the outside. After a renovation, the former synagogue now shows Jewish life in rural Hessen in an exhibition in six subject areas: Jewish rural life , faith , everyday life , Jewish working life , Jewish culture and the area of emancipation - integration - persecution . The exhibition was realized by Hessenpark in cooperation with the Jewish Museum Frankfurt , the Fritz Bauer Institute and the Round Table - Jewish Life in Groß-Umstadt .

  • Synagogue from Groß-Umstadt, today in Hessenpark

  • Memorial with menorah in memory of the old synagogue.

  • Stele with the list of all (Groß-) Umstadt Jews who fell victim to pogroms and racial madness between 1933 and 1945

nature

The natural monument Hainrichsberg , a small forest of acacias , chestnuts , juniper and linden , surrounded by the single vineyard Am Herrnberg and a wine trail .

The Gambseiche natural monument fell victim to a lightning strike in June 2019 and had to be felled.

The urban area merges to the east into the wooded foothills of the Buntsandstein-Odenwald , to the west and east into the hilly plains of the Reinheim hill country .

In the urban area, the following nature reserves are located in whole or in part : The quarry meadows of Dorndiel , the sandstone quarries on Burzelberg near Frau Nauses , the Herrnberg of Groß-Umstadt on the outskirts and the brook valley of the Taubensemd of Habitzheim, Semd and Groß-Umstadt .

Sports

There are several sports clubs in Groß-Umstadt. There is an active football club in almost every district. The TV Groß-Umstadt is known nationwide , whose men's handball team played in the regional handball league for several years before 2010, played in the 2nd handball league in 2010/11 and in the 3rd league from 2011 to 2017 . TV Groß-Umstadt and TV Habitzheim are currently forming a syndicate, the MSG Groß-Umstadt / Habitzheim. The first team plays in the Oberliga Hessen.

Regular events

In Groß-Umstadt there are a number of events that take place at regular intervals. In addition to the winegrowers' festival and the Groß-Umstädter farmers' market, which always takes place a week before the winegrowers' festival, these include the Johannisfest, the jazz parade, the classic open air and the Christmas markets in the museum courtyard and on the market square.

Economy and Infrastructure

Land use

The municipal area covers a total area of ​​8,684 hectares, of which in hectares are:

Type of use 2011 2015
Building and open space 560 565
from that Living 338 341
Business 44 47
Operating area 25th 25th
from that Mining land 7th 7th
Recreation area 37 37
from that Green area 15th 15th
traffic area 554 555
Agricultural area 4329 4322
from that moor 0 0
pagan 0 0
Forest area 3089 3089
Water surface 67 67
Other use 23 23

Businesses and stores

Umstadt as a medium-sized center has many medium-sized and small businesses and a lively retail scene with mostly owner-managed shops. In the industrial area on Georg-August-Zinn-Straße there are several wholesale markets, a hardware store and a medic center whose customers also come from the surrounding area. Resopal GmbH, also known as a brand name, is located here . The test center for technology and equipment of the German Agricultural Society is located on the outskirts of the city.

The Hermes Logistik Gruppe has its branch and parcel center for the greater Darmstadt area in Groß-Umstadt .

energy

Binselberg wind farm from the north-east

A wind farm consisting of four wind turbines is located on Binselberg, which is part of the Klein-Umstadt district . In 1999, two 97-meter-high Fuhrländer FL 1000s, each with a nominal output of 1 MW , were put into operation, which together generate 2.9 million kWh of electricity in an average wind year . At the turn of the year 2010/2011, these two systems were supplemented by two 2 MW Enercon E-82s. These two wind turbines, which have a hub height of 138 meters and a rotor diameter of 82 meters, i.e. 179 meters high up to the rotor tip, are operated by HSE and generate around 9 million kWh of electrical energy per year, corresponding to the electricity consumption of 3000 Households.

Hesse's first deep geothermal system is operated in Heubach . This is a state-sponsored and scientifically supported pilot project, for the laying of which the Hessian Environment Minister Lucia Puttrich , among others , appeared. The total cost was 700,000 euros. The borehole, which is 800 meters deep, was completed in June 2012 and has been supplying a medium-sized industrial company with production and office space of approx. 7400 m² with geothermal energy since the beginning of 2013 . At a depth of 800 meters, the rock is around 38 ° C; the temperature of the water circulating in a closed circuit is raised using heat pumps to heat the buildings . The annual performance factor is, according to HSE at above-average 5.7; d. H. With the use of one kWh of electrical energy, 5.7 kWh of thermal energy can be obtained. This means that the efficiency is around 40% above the average heat pump and also significantly higher than HSE originally expected.

traffic

Bombardier Itino vehicles at Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach station

Rail transport

Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach station, junction of the Odenwaldbahn

Groß Umstadt lies on the Hessian Odenwaldbahn . Trains from Frankfurt / Hanau stop at Groß-Umstadt Klein-Umstadt , Groß-Umstadt Mitte and Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach (transfer node from / to Darmstadt) and continue towards Eberbach am Neckar . Another stop at Groß-Umstadt Nord is also planned. Trains from Darmstadt to Eberbach stop at Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach station .

line route Clock frequency
RE 85 Frankfurt  - Hanau  - Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach (- Erbach) Every two hours
RB 86 Hanau  - Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach every hour (Mon-Sat and Sun in the afternoon), every two hours (Sun in the morning)
RE 80 Darmstadt  - Reinheim  - Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach - Erbach Every two hours (Mon-Fri)
RB 81 Darmstadt  - Reinheim - Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach - Erbach (-  Eberbach ) Every two hours
RB 82 Frankfurt  - Darmstadt North  - Reinheim - Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach - Erbach (- Eberbach) Every two hours

Bus transport

In addition, the express bus routes 671 and 681 connect Groß-Umstadt via the Semder Eck with Dieburg and Darmstadt . There are other bus connections in the direction of Schaafheim , Otzberg and Münster .

Groß-Umstadt and its districts are connected by the following bus routes:

line Line route Remarks
671 Wiebelsbach sports field - Heubach - Groß-Umstadt - Dieburg - Darmstadt main station Every day
678 Wiebelsbach Sports Ground - Heubach - Groß-Umstadt - Lengfeld - Reinheim - Nieder-Ramstadt - Darmstadt Hbf daily, night bus line
GA Altheim - Richen - Groß-Umstadt Monday – Friday, only on school days
GU1 Schaafheim - Klein-Umstadt - Groß-Umstadt - Otzberg-Lengfeld station - Habitzheim - Ober-Klingen Every day
GU2 Mömlingen - Wald-Amorbach - Dorndiel - Raibach - Groß-Umstadt - Semd - Dieburg Every day
GU3 Wiebelsbach Sonnenhof - Heubach - Groß-Umstadt Every day
X71 Wiebelsbach Sports Ground - Heubach - Groß-Umstadt - Darmstadt Hbf Monday - Friday
X78 Semd - small rooms - large rooms - Darmstadt Hbf working days

Except for the 682 bus, all lines stop at the “Groß-Umstadt Pfälzer Schloss” stop. This is an important transfer point in Groß-Umstadt. On weekends only the lines 671 and 678 run. All trips within Groß-Umstadt and the city districts are in price level 1 according to the RMV classification.

The K69 line has existed since August 2010 and serves Groß-Umstadt and the districts of Heubach and Wiebelsbach. These were previously served by the K68 line. The lines K67, K68 and K69 were renamed in April 2018 to the lines GU1, GU2 and GU3. The renaming went hand in hand with an improved range of services in the evenings and on weekends.

Road traffic

The B 45 runs past the urban area of ​​Groß-Umstadt as a bypass road and connects the Odenwald with the Rhine-Main area. The city is part of the German half-timbered street . About four kilometers north-west of Groß-Umstadt in the direction of Dieburg is the B 26 , which has been developed as a freeway-like expressway and which crosses here with the B 45. This means that the city is well connected to Darmstadt (A 67 and A 5 motorways ) and Aschaffenburg (A3 motorway).

Bicycle traffic

The cycle path network is well developed and signposted. All districts with the exception of Raibach and Dorndiel can be reached by bike paths.

Volunteer firefighter

Today's fire station in Groß-Umstadt

The history of the establishment of the volunteer fire brigade (FF) Groß-Umstadt goes back to the second half of the 19th century. Announced in 1874, the Groß-Umstadt volunteer fire brigade was founded on July 19, 1875 with a team of 72 men. At that time, four syringes were housed in what was then the syringe house, which was located in today's Georg-August-Zinn-Strasse on the site of the former local court . From 1879 to 1880 a new syringe house was built elsewhere on Georg-August-Zinn-Strasse. Too small again over the years, the new fire station in Pestalozzistraße was moved into on June 1, 1957 and is still located today. In 1982 the fire station was extended by an extension and thus turned into a fire station . The fleet consists of eleven emergency vehicles and three roll-off containers ( as of December 2015 ). More than 50 emergency services are active in the FF of the core city (as of Dec. 2015). Groß-Umstadt has been a dangerous goods base in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district since the end of the 20th century. The deployment concept of the ABC train includes not only the fire department of the core city but also the district fire brigades of Kleestadt, Klein-Umstadt and Wiebelsbach.

In addition to the city center, the districts of Groß-Umstadt also have their own volunteer fire brigade.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who lived or worked in the city

Others

Center of Groß-Umstadt from one of the vineyards; in the background the district of Semd
  • Groß-Umstadt has a long tradition in viticulture (demonstrably since at least the 10th century). The city likes to call itself the "Odenwälder Weininsel" and belongs to the Hessische Bergstrasse wine-growing region , Umstadt area .
  • One of the earliest war memorials to commemorate the fallen and theaters of war was attached to the town church in 1462.
  • One of the first citizens' initiatives in southern Hesse prevented the town hall from being disfigured in 1782.
  • In the village of Semd (today part of Groß-Umstadt), the robber Schinderhannes stayed often and gladly from 1800 onwards . There he cultivated his relationships with the Odenwald, Spessart and even the Wetterau crooks and robbers. In May 1802 the Schinderhannes beat up the later Odenwald robber Johann Adam Heusner in the "Gasthof zum Engel" in Semd , who was executed in Darmstadt in 1814.
  • The eight districts have about the same population as the core city itself.

literature

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

  • Ursula Braasch-Schwersmann : Groß-Umstadt in southern Hesse - on the origin and development of medieval cities. In: Denkmalpflege & Kulturgeschichte 2/2019, pp. 2–6.
  • 1250 years of Groß-Umstadt - the preservation of an urban ensemble of monuments as the main topic of the following publication: Groß-Umstadt in southern Hesse - on the emergence and development of medieval cities (and 6 other articles) . In: State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Preservation of monuments & cultural history . tape 2-2019 . State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse, 2019, ISSN  1436-168X , p. 1–37, A4 format .
  • Hans Rittmannsperger: Urban renewal Groß-Umstadt - goals and measures. In: Denkmalpflege & Kulturgeschichte 2/2019, pp. 7–11.
  • Johannes Sommer: The Renaissance town hall in Groß-Umstadt. Documentation on the creation and preservation of the structure 1600–1991. (= The Blue Books). Koenigstein i. Ts. 1993, ISBN 3-7845-5800-3 .
  • Johannes Sommer (Ed.): Thirteen Centuries Church in Groß-Umstadt. With contributions by HM Balz, Chr. Borck, J. Courtin, F. Krebs, M. Reith, S. Scholz, J. Sommer u. S. Volp. (= The Blue Books). Koenigstein i. Ts. 1993, ISBN 3-7845-5802-X .
  • Heinz Wionski: Urban renewal in Groß-Umstadt. A conclusion in the Palatinate Palace. In: Monument Preservation & Cultural History 2/2019, p. 36f.
  • Literature about Groß-Umstadt in the Hessian Bibliography
  • Literature from and about Groß-Umstadt in the catalog of the German National Library

Web links

Commons : Groß-Umstadt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Groß-Umstadt  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Certificate of Emperor Ludwig the Pious of December 19, 822, by sending two other documents to the Diocese of Würzburg with churches and land donations by his predecessors Karlmann and Pippin III. , see. Louis the Pious, 822 dec. 19, Franconofurd: confirmed by the church of Wirzburg at the request of bi ..., 822-12-19 and Carolingian donations to the diocese of Würzburg confirmed
  3. ↑ Magistrate of the city of Groß-Umstadt (ed.): A Umstädter tells - local researcher Georg Füßler and his Umstadt. Geiger-Verlag, 1995.
  4. ^ Umstädter Museums- und Geschichtsverein (Ed.): The Umstädter Pestbuch - The great plague 1634–1636. Sighard Volp, self-published, 2005.
  5. ↑ The history of the dynasts and counts of Erbach and their country , G. Simon , Frankfurt am Main, 1858, Verlag und Druck Brönner, p. 442.
  6. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 248 ( online at google books ).
  7. ↑ a b Integration of foreigners: Catholic, hardworking, young Article in: Der Spiegel , November 5, 2005, accessed on January 8, 2017.
  8. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes for municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 355 .
  9. ↑ K.-H. Gerstenmeier: Hessen. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation. Melsungen 1977, p. 231.
  10. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Darmstadt and Dieburg and the city of Darmstadt (GVBl. II 330–334) of July 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 318 , § 14 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
  11. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 97 kB) §; 5. In: Website. City of Groß-Umstadt, accessed May 2019 .
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Groß-Umstadt, Darmstadt-Dieburg district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of July 23, 2012). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on September 1, 2012 .
  13. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  14. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  15. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  16. ↑ Population according to nationality groups: Groß-Umstadt, Stadt. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in May 2015 .
  17. ↑ Migration background in%: Groß-Umstadt, city. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in May 2015 .
  18. ^ Households by family: Groß-Umstadt, Stadt. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in May 2015 .
  19. ↑ 1250 years Groß-Umstadt 743-1993 Ed .: Magistrat der Stadt, Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar, p. 297. First wave of plagues
  20. ^ Editor: Sighard Volp Das Umstädter Pestbuch , Verlag Umstädter Museums- und Geschichtsverein, Druckverlag Lockay eK Reinheim, 2005, p. 142.
  21. ^ Editor: Sighard Volp Das Umstädter Pestbuch , Verlag Umstädter Museums- und Geschichtsverein, Druckverlag Lockay eK Reinheim, 2005, p. 142 - Second Great Plague Wave from 1634–1636
  22. ↑ a b c 1250 years Groß-Umstadt 743-1993 Ed .: Magistrat der Stadt, Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar, p. 297.
  23. ↑ 1250 years Groß-Umstadt 743-1993 Ed .: Magistrat der Stadt, Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar, p. 297. - Wave of emigration from 1832-1860.
  24. ↑ Local elections 1977; Relevant population figures for the municipalities as of December 15, 1976 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1976 No. 52 , p. 2283 , point 1668 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 10.3 MB ]).
  25. ↑ The population of the Hessian municipalities on June 30, 2010. (PDF; 552 kB) (No longer available online.) Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, p. 11 , archived from the original on February 7, 2018 ; accessed on February 7, 2018 .
  26. ^ Religious affiliation : Groß-Umstadt, Stadt. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in May 2015 .
  27. ↑ Municipal data sheet : Groß-Umstadt. (PDF; 222 kB) In: Hessisches Gemeindelexikon. HA Hessen Agentur GmbH , accessed in May 2019 .
  28. ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. 432010 Groß-Umstadt, Stadt. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
  29. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 27, 2011. 432010 Groß-Umstadt, Stadt. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in October 2019 .
  30. ^ Result of the municipal elections of March 26, 2006. 432010 Groß-Umstadt, St. Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, accessed in October 2019 .
  31. ↑ Results of the municipal elections of 2001 and 1997. (No longer available online.) Hessian State Statistical Office, archived from the original ; accessed in October 2019 .
  32. ^ Website of the city of Groß-Umstadt: Politics , accessed on May 23, 2016.
  33. ^ Approval of a flag for the city of Groß-Umstadt in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district of May 18, 1984 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1984 No. 23 , p. 1107 , point 542 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.9 MB ]).
  34. ↑ Information ( memento of July 22, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) from the Dicomano community (in Italian) and information from the city of Groß-Umstadt on the new partnership
  35. ↑ Gruberhof – Hofreite, the city's museum and cultural center. Accessed October 2019 .
  36. ↑ Amelie Seck: "Simply lust for it". The renovation of Wambolt's castle in Groß-Umstadt is progressing. In: Monuments . Magazine for Monument Culture in Germany , Vol. 27 (2017), Issue 3, pp. 28–29.
  37. ↑ Left: Portal inscription from Genesis 28:17: How awesome is this place. Here is nothing but a house of God, and this is the gate of heaven. see. www.alemannia-judaica.de: The synagogue in Groß-Umstadt . Right: The memorial inscription: In honor of our Jewish fellow citizens and in memory of the synagogue, which was built in 1874 and desecrated on November 9, 1938 through racial madness.
  38. ↑ Darmstadt Echo . December 11, 2015, p. 18.
  39. ↑ Hessisches Statistisches Informationssystem In: Statistics.Hessen.
  40. ↑ Hermes distribution center Darmstadt. In: www.paketda.de. Accessed November 2019 .
  41. ↑ wind energy. Binselberg wind farm. Heinrich-Emanuel Merck Schule, accessed November 2019 .
  42. ↑ Binselberg wind farm. ENTEGA AG, accessed November 2019 .
  43. ^ Geothermal energy in Heubach. ENTEGA AG, accessed November 2019 .
  44. ↑ Start of the first deep borehole to use geothermal energy. In: FAZ . December 22, 2011, accessed November 2019 .
  45. ↑ Geothermal energy from a depth of almost 800 meters. In: FAZ . July 15, 2012, accessed November 2019 .
  46. ↑ First geothermal deep borehole in Hesse is successful ( Memento of October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). HSE press release. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  47. ^ Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund : Improved transport in the Dieburg, Münster, Groß-Umstadt, Otzberg, Eppertshausen and Schaafheim area. (No longer available online.) In: rmv.de. Archived from the original ; accessed on July 29, 2018 .
  48. ↑ a b Autmundisstat - contributions to the history Umstadt , Volume 4 2009/2010, Ed .: museum and historical society Gross-Umstadt, HST offset printing, Dieburg, pp 171-220.
  49. ↑ Operations Department - Vehicles and Equipment Website of the Groß-Umstadt volunteer fire brigade. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
  50. ^ Operations department team website of the Groß-Umstadt volunteer fire brigade. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
  51. ↑ Fire Brigade Statute . (PDF; 78 kB) In: Website. City of Groß-Umstadt, accessed November 2019 .
  52. ↑ P. Bayerlein: Schinderhannes Ortlexikon. Mainz-Kostheim 2003, p. 216.