Bickenbach (Bergstrasse)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Bickenbach
Bickenbach (Bergstrasse)
Map of Germany, position of the municipality of Bickenbach highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 45 '  N , 8 ° 37'  E

Basic data
State : Hesse
Administrative region : Darmstadt
County : Darmstadt-Dieburg
Height : 105 m above sea level NHN
Area : 9.26 km 2
Residents: 6033 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 652 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 64404
Area code : 06257
License plate : DA, TU
Community key : 06 4 32 003
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Darmstädter Strasse 7
64404 Bickenbach
Website : www.bickenbach-bergstrasse.de
Mayor : Markus Hennemann ( SPD )
Location of the municipality of Bickenbach in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district
Erzhausen Weiterstadt Griesheim Pfungstadt Bickenbach (Bergstraße) Alsbach-Hähnlein Seeheim-Jugenheim Modautal Mühltal Ober-Ramstadt Messel Eppertshausen Münster (Hessen) Dieburg Roßdorf (bei Darmstadt) Fischbachtal Groß-Bieberau Reinheim Groß-Zimmern Otzberg Groß-Umstadt Schaafheim Babenhausen (Hessen) Darmstadt Bayern Odenwaldkreis Kreis Bergstraße Kreis Groß-Gerau Landkreis Offenbachmap
About this picture
Bickenbach seen from the west, Seeheim-Jugenheim behind
Large building of the former Bickenbach hunting lodge , today's town hall

Bickenbach (in the local dialect: Beckebach ) is a municipality in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district in southern Hesse .

geography

Bickenbach is located on the northern Hessian Bergstrasse , in the middle between the Rhine-Main and Rhine-Neckar conurbations .

Neighboring communities

Bickenbach borders in the north on the city of Pfungstadt , in the east on the community Seeheim-Jugenheim , in the south on the community Alsbach-Hähnlein and in the west on the city of Gernsheim ( Groß-Gerau district ).

Community structure

Bickenbach consists of one district.

history

The place was already settled in Roman times . Archaeologists discovered a small fort from the 1st century and the Bickenbach swamp bridge in the marshy “Schiffslache” area . The villa rustica “stone wall” is located in the vicinity of these archaeological monuments .

Bickenbach was first mentioned in a deed of donation from the Lorsch Codex in 874 , when King Ludwig the German gave the place to the Lorsch Monastery . Until the end of the 15th century, the place was closely connected to the Lorsch monastery and its liege lords. A period of frequently changing rulers followed. 1571 possessed counts of Erbach the village, while the Landgrave of Hesse , the high authority exercised. In 1714 the Counts of Erbach sold the place Bickenbach to the Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt Landgrave Ernst Ludwig . From 1720 he had the Bickenbach hunting lodge , one of the largest hunting lodges in the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, built southwest of the old town center. About 2 km southwest of the village are the remains of the so-called hamlet hill , a moth . It is the headquarters of the Lords of Bickenbach and was first mentioned in 1130.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Bickenbach in 1829:

»Bickenbach (L. Bez. Bensheim) Lutheran parish village; is on the Chaussee running from Darmstadt through Bergstrasse, in a flat area, 2 St. from Bensheim, has 118 houses and 773 inhabitants, all of whom are Lutheran except 18 Catholics, 1 Reform and 48 Jews; among these are 41 farmers, 30 artisans and 18 day laborers. Here is a post office, a secondary customs office and a former cavalry barracks, which have now been sold. - Bickenbach occurs as early as the 9th century; King Ludwig the German donated his property in 874 to the Lorsch monastery. The place belonged to the Lord von Bickenbach, and was a part of the Bickenbach Castle (Alsbacher Schloß). With the belonging, the village came to the Counts of Erbach. The noble family of Venningen was half of the village, half the Bailiwick and 1 / 6 come the great Tenth. Erasmus von Venningen sold these rights to Georg Schenk von Erbach in the 16th century. In the Thirty Years' War, 1622, the Bavarians invaded the village, shot several peasants to death, plundered and chased away the residents, and laid the beautiful church with 20 other buildings to ashes. The whole thing came from Erbach in 1714 through purchase to Hessen. The church was the oldest mother church in the whole of the former Seeheim. A document from 1487 gives the following branch; Seeheim, Alsbach, Hayn, Auen, Hartenau, Morstatt, Loart and Staffel. Conrad von Bickenbach, and the Lords of Falkenstein, Hanau and Weinsberg as heirs of the Munzenberg family, in 1267, passed the patronage to the Padenhausen nunnery in Dreieicher Hain. The Lords of Bickenbach had their hereditary funeral at Bickenbach. "

In the first half of the 20th century, from 1897 to 1955, a steam locomotive-operated branch line ran between Bickenbach, Alsbach, Jugenheim and Seeheim. Planning for the connection had already started in 1869, but there was a lot of resistance to the construction. They feared noise, disruption to field work and the emigration of holiday guests. At that time the Bergstrasse was a popular recreational area for guests from all over Europe, especially from the royal houses. The branch line connected the northern Bergstrasse with the important Main-Neckar Railway at Bickenbach station . In addition to the holiday guests, the local population also used the “Ziggelsche” branch line. As some trains went as far as Darmstadt and were used by travelers to visit the Darmstadt State Theater, they were nicknamed " Theater Train ".

Historical place names

In the historical documents the place is documented under changing place names over the centuries (in brackets the year of mention):

  • Bicchumbach (874)
  • Picchenbah (10th century)
  • Bikini Stream (1012)
  • Bichenbach (1130)
  • Bickenbach (1267)
  • Bickinbach (1310)
  • Bickembag (1330/31)
  • Bickenbach (1380)
  • Bickenbach uf dem Sande (1380–1388)
  • Byckinbach off the sand (1396)
  • Byckinbach off the sand (1489)
  • Beckhenbach (1538)
  • Beckenbach (1579)
  • Bickhenbach; Bickhenpach ahn der Bergstraßen (1583)

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Bickenbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population structure

According to the 2011 census , there were 5,397 residents in Bickenbach on May 9, 2011. Of these, 428 (8.0%) were foreigners of whom 271 came from outside the EU , 95 from other European countries and 62 from other countries. The inhabitants lived in 2442 households. Of these, 763 were single households , 686 were couples without children and 764 were couples with children, as well as 185 single parents and 44 shared apartments .

Population development

• 1629: 077 house seats (with Hartenau)
• 1791: 451 (Hartenau 34) inhabitants
• 1800: 468 (Hartenau 56) inhabitants
• 1806: 515 (Hartenau 52) residents, 84 (Hartenau 6) houses
• 1829: 773 inhabitants, 118 houses
• 1867: 948 inhabitants, 140 houses
Bickenbach: Population from 1791 to 2015
year     Residents
1791
  
 485
1800
  
 524
1806
  
 567
1829
  
 773
1834
  
 812
1840
  
 863
1846
  
 955
1852
  
 651
1858
  
 942
1864
  
 919
1871
  
 953
1875
  
 1.006
1885
  
 1,119
1895
  
 1,208
1905
  
 1,362
1910
  
 1,533
1925
  
 1,801
1939
  
 1,968
1946
  
 2,603
1950
  
 2,749
1956
  
 2,736
1961
  
 3,024
1967
  
 3,555
1970
  
 3,865
1972
  
 4,008
1976
  
 4,394
1984
  
 4,490
1992
  
 4,675
2000
  
 5,300
2005
  
 5,373
2010
  
 5,492
2011
  
 5,397
2015
  
 5,687
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1972 :; 1976 :; 1984 :; 1992 :; 2000 :; 2005 :; 2010 :; 2011 census; 2015:

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 706 Lutheran (= 91.33%), one Reformed (= 0.13%), 48 Jewish (= 6.21%) and 18 Catholic (= 2.38%) residents
• 1961: 2418 Protestant (= 79.96%), 469 Roman Catholic (= 15.51%) residents
• 2011: 2233 Protestant (= 41.4%), 1061 Catholic (= 19.7%) residents

Gainful employment

The municipality in comparison with the district, administrative district Darmstadt and Hesse:

year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Employees subject to social security contributions 2017 1,631 74,525 1,695,567 2,524,156
Change to 2000 +130.4% + 21.1% + 16.1% + 16.0%
of which full-time 2017 68.9% 68.3% 72.8% 71.8%
of which part-time 2017 31.1% 31.7% 27.2% 28.2%
Only marginally paid employees 2017 248 15.305 224.267 372.991
Change to 2000 + 5.1% + 14.4% + 9.0% + 8.8%
Branch year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Manufacturing 2000 30.1% 41.1% 27.0% 30.6%
2017 *) 31.3% 20.4% 24.3%
Commerce, hospitality and transport 2000 38.8% 26.1% 26.4% 25.1%
2017 41.8% 26.8% 24.7% 23.8%
Business services 2000 13.6% 11.6% 25.1% 20.2%
2017 15.0% 17.1% 31.6% 26.1%
other services 2000 *)% 18.8% 20.1% 22.5%
2017 20.4% 23.6% 23.0% 25.4%
Other (or without assignment) 2000 17.5% 02.4% 01.4% 01.5%
2017 22.9% 01.1% 00.3% 00.4%

*) anonymized

politics

mayor

Markus Hennemann ( SPD ) has been mayor since January 1, 2018 . He was elected in the runoff election on October 22, 2017 with 51.8% of the valid votes cast.

Former mayors (since 1945):

  • April 15, 1945 - March 21, 1946: Karl Dieter ( KPD )
  • March 22, 1946 - June 24, 1948: Georg Hill ( SPD )
  • June 25, 1948 - September 30, 1968: Georg Blum ( SPD )
  • October 1, 1968 - December 31, 1993: Karl Schemel ( SPD )
  • January 1, 1994 - December 31, 2017: Günter Martini ( CDU )
  • January 1, 2018 -: Markus Hennemann (SPD)

Community representation

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the municipal council 2016
    
A total of 25 seats
  • SPD : 9
  • FDP : 3
  • CDU : 9
  • COMM, A : 4
 Parties and constituencies %
2016 		Seats
2016 		%
2011 		Seats
2011 		%
2006 		Seats
2006 		%
2001 		Seats
2001
SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 36.2 9 38.2 10 35.3 9 44.0 11
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany 37.1 9 36.5 9 43.8 11 46.3 12
COMMA The municipal alternative in Bickenbach 15.3 4th 17.8 4th 10.2 2 1.7 0
FDP Free Democratic Party 11.4 3 7.5 2 10.8 3 8.0 2
total 100 25th 100 25th 100 25th 100 25th
Voter turnout in% 51.3 54.8 52.8 57.3

Parish council

Since the local elections in 2016, two councilors from the CDU, three from the SPD, two from KOMM, A and one from the FDP have been represented on the municipal board since the 2016 local elections.

badges and flags

Banner Bickenbach (Bergstrasse) .svg

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Bickenbach
 Blazon : “ Red shield divided by a double row of silver diamonds diagonally to the right; At the top left a small plate covered with the district mark (broad-ended cross over the ring open at the bottom. Red in gold). "

The coat of arms was designed by the heraldist Heinz Ritt and awarded to the community of Bickenbach in the then Darmstadt district on August 4, 1971.

It combines the coat of arms of the former local lords, the Lords of Bickenbach and the historical district sign of Bickenbach.

flag

Together with the coat of arms, Bickenbach was awarded a flag with the description "In red two yellow stripes, covered with the municipal coat of arms."

Only one year later, on July 31, 1972, the flag was changed and is now described as follows: "The municipal coat of arms is placed in a yellow central strip that is broadened on both sides by red."

Town twinning

Bickenbach maintains partnerships with Tricarico (Italy) and Saint-Philbert-de-Grand-Lieu (France).

Culture and sights

Buildings

Protestant church

Evangelical parish church ( Stephanskirche ) with a late Gothic west tower, nave with a classicist hall, the former hunting lodge of the Landgraves of Hesse from 1720/21.

The Bickenbach Local History Museum is housed in the Kolbschen Haus , the oldest preserved house in the community.

Nature and protected areas

In the Bickenbach district there are parts of the nature reserves " Altneckarlachen von Alsbach, Hähnlein and Bickenbach " and " Pfungstädter Moor ", two wetlands on silted up river arms. Both are integrated into the EU bird sanctuary " Hessian Altneckarschlingen ". The sand-lime pine forest nature reserve near Bickenbach, Pfungstadt and Seeheim-Jugenheim protects a sparse pine forest with numerous rare plant species.

Regular events

Economy and Infrastructure

Land use

The municipal area covers a total area of ​​926 hectares, of which in hectares are:

Type of use 2011 2015
Building and open space 123 126
from that Living 87 86
Business 8th 15th
Operating area 12 5
from that Mining land 6th 0
Recreation area 10 10
from that Green area 6th 6th
traffic area 98 99
Agricultural area 483 470
from that moor 0 0
pagan 0 0
Forest area 160 177
Water surface 39 39
Other use 1 1

traffic

Bickenbach is conveniently located on the Main-Neckar Railway . The RB / RE trains connect Bickenbach with Darmstadt and Frankfurt as well as Mannheim and Heidelberg.

The bus line K50 runs from Bickenbach to Alsbach-Hähnlein as well as to Seeheim-Jugenheim and Mühltal . A connection to Bensheim and Heppenheim exists not only through the Main-Neckar-Bahn but also through the bus line 669. Late connections from Darmstadt are made through the line 8N.

Until 1961, the Bickenbach – Seeheim railway branched off from the Main-Neckar Railway at Bickenbacher Bahnhof .

Established businesses

The natural food company Alnatura was based in Bickenbach until it moved to Darmstadt at the beginning of 2019. The resulting companies (see branches) Alnavit and Alnatura-Naturtextil also operated there.

In 1989 Walter Gutjahr founded a company for the production of the processes he patented for safe drainage, ventilation and decoupling of coverings on balconies, terraces, facades and external stairs with drainage and decoupling mats .

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

  • Johann Christian Breithaupt (1736–1799), German mechanic and inventor of the first range finder. Court mechanic of Landgrave Friedrich II of Hessen-Kassel. Founder of the precision instrument manufacturer FW Breithaupt & Sohn GmbH & Co. KG Kassel.
  • Ludwig Wilhelm Zimmermann (1780–1825), chemist, mineralogist and professor at the University of Giessen
  • Ludwig Franz Amelung (1798–1849), psychiatrist, medical advisor and hospital doctor at the Grand Ducal Hessian State Hospital Hofheim (now Philippshospital Riedstadt )
  • Ludwig Keil (1896–1952), member of the Hessian state parliament (KPD)

Personalities associated with Bickenbach

  • Klaus-Jürgen Hoffie (* 1936), entrepreneur and politician (Hessian State Minister for Economics and Technology, member of the Bundestag), lived and worked for several years in Bickenbach (member of the council)
  • Hermann Benjes (1937–2007), landscape gardener, nature photographer and writer; lived in Bickenbach for most of his life
  • Karl Schneider (* 1934), lawyer and politician (SPD), 1973 to 1991 MdL Hessen, 1980 to 1987 State Minister in Hessen, 1991 to 1994 State Minister in Rhineland-Palatinate. Lives in Bickenbach since 1976.

literature

Web links

Commons : Bickenbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Bickenbach in Merian's Topographia Hassiae  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Claudia Stehle: Darmstädter Echo, Friday, January 11, 2019, p. 19.
  3. ↑ Handbook of Historic Sites in Germany, Hesse, 3rd revised edition, p. 47
  4. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [trans.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 2), Certificate 38, May 4, 874 - Reg. 3492. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 98 , accessed on February 1, 2016 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Bickenbach, Darmstadt-Dieburg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 24, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  6. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 18 ( online at google books ).
  7. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (pdf 8.61 MB) To the theater with the "Ziggelsche". P. 48 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  8. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  11. ↑ a b Population by nationality group: Bickenbach. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in May 2015 .
  12. ^ Households by family: Bickenbach. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in May 2015 .
  13. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  128 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  14. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  132 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  15. ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 14 ( online at google books ).
  16. ^ Local elections 1972; Relevant population of the municipalities on August 4, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1972 No.  33 , p. 1424 , point 1025 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.9 MB ]).
  17. ↑ Local elections 1977; Relevant population figures for the municipalities as of December 15, 1976 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1976 No.  52 , p. 2283 , point 1668 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 10.3 MB ]).
  18. ^ Local elections 1985; Relevant population of the municipalities as of October 30, 1984 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1984 No.  46 , p. 2175 , point 1104 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  19. ↑ local elections 1993; Relevant population of the municipalities as of October 21, 1992 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1992 No.  44 , p. 2766 , point 935 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.1 MB ]).
  20. ↑ a b community data sheet : Bickenbach. (PDF; 222 kB) In: Hessisches Gemeindelexikon. HA Hessen Agency GmbH ;
  21. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2005). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  22. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2010). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  23. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2015). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  24. ^ Religion: Bickenbach. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in May 2015 .
  25. ↑ Mayoral elections in Bickenbach. Hessian State Statistical Office , accessed in November 2019 .
  26. ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
  27. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 27, 2011. 432003 Bickenbach. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in November 2019 .
  28. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 26, 2006. 432003 Bickenbach. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in November 2019 .
  29. ↑ Results of the municipal elections of 2001 and 1997. (No longer available online.) Hessian State Statistical Office, archived from the original ; accessed in October 2019 .
  30. ↑ Parish council. In: Citizen Information System. Bickenbach municipality, accessed November 2019 .
  31. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 106 kB) § 5. In: Website. Bickenbach municipality, accessed November 2019 .
  32. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms and a flag for the municipality of Bickenbach, Darmstadt district (item 1189) from August 4, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 34 , p. 1388 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.9 MB ]).
  33. ^ Approval to change the flag of the municipality of Bickenbach, Darmstadt district from July 31, 1972 . In: State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1972 No. 34 , p. 1459 , point 1056 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).
  34. ↑ Darmstädter Echo , Monday, October 5, 2015, p. 20
  35. ↑ Darmstädter Echo , Thursday, November 26, 2015, p. 20
  36. ↑ Hessisches Statistisches Informationssystem In: Statistics.Hessen.
  37. ↑ Ludwig Franz Amelung 1798–1849. In: link.springer.com. Retrieved April 5, 2018 .