Bickenbach (noble family)
The von Bickenbach family was a Central German knight dynasty with possessions in the Franconian knight cantons of Odenwald and Steigerwald .
origin
The eponymous place Bickenbach is today a municipality in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district in Hesse . The family can be traced back to 1130 there. The first family castle was a tower hill castle , the so-called hamlet hill near Bickenbach. Was first documented Konrad I of Bickenbach, a Electoral Mainz fief taker who with Meinlindis of Katzenelnbogen was married, the daughter of Henry I of Katzenelnbogen and the Liutgard of Heimbach. She was the sister of Heinrich II., The first count of Katzenelnbogen (from 1138).
In a document dated November 29, 1130, Archbishop Adalbert von Mainz announced the consecration of a chapel founded by Konrad von Bickenbach in Bickenbach Castle and endowed with goods from Alsbach and Bickenbach. Among the witnesses were Count Berthold von Lindenfels , Heinrich II. Von Katzenelnbogen and the Count Palatine near Rhine . The consecration was carried out by the Bishop of Strasbourg. The bishops of Worms, Constance and Chur as well as the abbot of the Lorsch monastery were mentioned as further spiritual dignitaries . The presence of the numerous high-ranking personalities indicates the position of Konrad von Bickenbach, but can also be explained by the recently consecration of the monastery church in Lorsch, which was destroyed by fire.
Although the Lords of Bickenbach owned allodial property in Jugenheim , the castle was built on the hamlet hill as a fiefdom of the monastery. Due to the early date, more than 100 years before the first mention of Bickenbach Castle, the location of the chapel is most likely to be found in the outer bailey there. From documented mentions of the Bickenbach property in Jugenheim, an origin of the family from Heiligenberg near Jugenheim (seat of the central court , from 1264 monastery, later Heiligenberg Castle ) is considered.
The Bickenbach family tree leaves some questions unanswered that cannot be answered here.
history
The sphere of influence of the Bickenbachers extended from the Rhine near Gernsheim via Bickenbach to the Odenwald as far as Habitzheim and Otzberg . They have various feudal lords such as the Lorsch Abbey and later Kurmainz in the west, as well as the Fulda diocese and later the Count Palatine in the east. A document from 1390, made on the Otzberg, says
- Letter from the Stift zu Fulda to Dieterich and Conrad, Mr. zu Bickenbach with their team and fiefdom to serve and obey the Count Palatine Rupprecht in the future, as they had been to the Stift Fulda since then.
In the first half of the 13th century, the Lords of Bickenbach built Bickenbach Castle, today's Alsbach Castle , which stands above Alsbach , approx. 2 km from Bickenbach, on a northwestern branch of the Melibokus . From here they were able to control their part of the Bergstrasse , which came via Zwingenberg from the Upper County of Katzenelnbogen , continued via Burg Jossa ( Jugenheim ), Burg Tannenberg ( Seeheim ) and Burg Frankenstein , back to the Katzenelnbog area near Bessungen and Darmstadt .
In the 14th century there were various family relationships with the Katzenelnbogen and the Lords of Erbach . The two noble houses bought in Bickenbach and Burg Bickenbach and appeared more and more. The castle was increasingly used as a Ganerbeburg and numerous names such as the Counts of Rieneck , the Counts of Wertheim , the Counts of Mansfeld and the Ulner von Dieburg are also mentioned in the surrounding towns .
In 1411 the castle was first mentioned as Schloss Bickenbach.
- Receipt from Schenk Eberhard zu Erbach the elder to Count Johann zu Wertheim for 2100 florins repurchase schilling from the part of the castle at Bickenbach sold by the latter to the former mother Elisabeth von Katzenelnbogen.
However, as the robberies of the heir Ulner von Dieburg got out of hand, in 1463 the city of Frankfurt am Main was forced to besiege, capture and burn the castle.
For some of the Bickenbachers, the church of St. Michaelis in Grubingen, which was later abandoned around 1630, was the burial place. In 1486 the Bickenbachers died out.
In 1488 Schenk Erasmus von Erbach bought most of the property and from 1502 called himself Schenk Erasmus Herr zu Erbach and Bickenbach. In 1532 the Erbachers were raised to the rank of count.
1504 Bavarian-Nine Years' War, the Bickenbacher area by the Landgrave was Wilhelm II. Of Hesse occupied and came over the years little by little to Landgraviate Hesse . In 1714 the Counts of Erbach sold the town of Bickenbach to Landgrave Ernst Ludwig von Hessen-Darmstadt .
coat of arms
On red in silver, two rows of awakenings are placed after the right diagonal bar . On the stech helmet with the red and silver helmet covers between the open flight with two rows of silver wakes a white, red reined horse bursting out.
The municipality of Bickenbach still remembers this gender in its municipal coat of arms.
Coat of arms of the municipality of Bickenbach
Coat of arms in the Ingeram Codex
Coat of arms of the Bickenbach in the ancestral sample of Archbishop of Mainz Dietrich Schenk von Erbach
Hamlet hill near Alsbach-Hähnlein, presumably the former aristocratic seat of the Lords of Bickenbach
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Personalities
- Markward II. Von Bickenbach , prince abbot of Fulda (1286–1288)
- Philipp von Bickenbach , German master (1361-1375)
See also
Remarks
- ^ Family tree of Konrad I. , as of May 5, 2008
- ↑ Karl E. Demandt: Regesten der Graf von Katzenelnbogen
- ↑ Walther Möller: An old fastening system in the reed. Archive Hess. Business u. Altkde. NF 14, 1925 p. 120 Note 1.
- ↑ Böhme 1983 (see literature).
- ↑ Dieter Michael Feineis: The family tables of the gentlemen of Bickenbach. In: Würzburger Diözesangeschichtsblätter 62/63 (2001), pp. 1003-1019 ( PDF; 571 kB) .
- ^ Gudrun Berninger, Grubingen, 1979
literature
- Horst Wolfgang Böhme: The tower hill castle near Alsbach-Hähnlein and the territorial development on the middle mountain road in the early and high Middle Ages. Yearbook RGZM 30, 1983, pp. 503-519.
- Dieter Michael Feineis: The family tables of the gentlemen from Bickenbach. In: Würzburger Diözesangeschichtsblätter 62/63 (2001), pp. 1003-1019 ( PDF, 571 kB ).
- Dieter Michael Feineis: The Bickenbachers and the Hohenberg rule. In: Würzburger Diözesangeschichtsblätter 64 (2002), pp. 159–239 ( PDF, 2.06 MB ).