Adalbert I of Saarbrücken

Drawing of the seal of Archbishop Adalbert I of Saarbrücken on the forged founding deed of Eberbach Monastery between 1174 and 1211

Adalbert von Saarbrücken (* in the 11th century; † 23 June 1137 ) was Chancellor Heinrich V and Archbishop of Mainz from 1111 to 1137.

Life

Market portal of the Mainz Cathedral; The privilege of freedom for the citizens of Mainz is engraved on the bronze doors.

Adalbert was the son of Count Siegbert von Saarbrücken from the Saargaugrafen family . His brothers were Count Friedrich von Saarbrücken and the Speyer Bishop Bruno von Saarbrücken . He was probably one of the nobles who supported Heinrich V against his father, Heinrich IV . This brought him into direct contact with the future regent. On February 14, 1106, the sources report for the first time that Adalbert was Heinrich V's chancellor.

The court and tax privilege in the wording of the confirmation from 1135. The modern plaque is attached next to the market portal with its bronze doors on which the city privilege is engraved.

Certificate Adalbert I. von Saarbrücken from the city and monastery archive Aschaffenburg with remains of the seal. It is the oldest original document of the Aschaffenburg Abbey in today's abbey archives.

Coin pfennig Adalbert I of Saarbrücken

Front of the coin with the stylization of Adalbert ( Archaeological find Burgstall Kugelburg )

Back with the cross, at the bottom a stylized castle, above a church building (Mainz Cathedral)

After the forced abdication of Heinrich IV and the death of Archbishop Ruthard of Mainz , the new King Heinrich V therefore carried out the investiture of Adalbert on the Mainz Erzstuhl, who had been provost at the Aachen Marienstift since 1108 . Appointed in the spring of 1110, it was not invested with miter and staff until August 15, 1111 . The episcopal ordination , he received even until December 26, 1115th

At the time of his consecration, Heinrich V's friend had already become a bitter opponent. As chancellor of the king, Adalbert traveled with an embassy to Rome in 1109/1110 , where Henry V wanted to achieve his imperial coronation and also to solve the investiture problem. The King and Pope . Paschal II concluded on February 4, 1111 a secret agreement under which the emperor was indeed renounce the investiture of bishops, at the same time, however, all imperial bishops should spell threat which received the kingdom regalia (ie all the rights and privileges: mint money , Customs law, market law, city lords, jurisdictions and others) and return goods. Such a treaty could naturally not be in the interests of the princes, and so there was a corresponding uprising when the secret treaty became known a little later. As a result, new negotiations were scheduled, but the Pope now refused to revoke the contract (which alone secured him the investiture). Thereupon Heinrich V took the Pope prisoner with Adalbert's consent. He was only released again under the compulsion to guarantee Heinrich the investiture and the imperial coronation. Of course, this compulsory peace did not last long.

In the summer of 1112 there was a break between Adalbert and Heinrich. The reasons for this lie in Adalbert's demand for the Trifels Imperial Castle for himself.

Heinrich V did not hesitate long to change sides and had the renegade prince captured at the Trifels Imperial Castle in 1112 . After three years, a revolt by the citizens of Mainz forced the emperor to release Adalbert again. The prince, who was free again and meanwhile ordained archbishop, promptly excommunicated the emperor at Christmas 1115 at a synod in Cologne. For the citizens of the city of Mainz, however, the confrontation between their archbishop and the regent had advantages: Because Adalbert wanted to harm princes loyal to the emperor, he issued a liberty privilege for the citizens of Mainz in 1119 and 1122, which exempted them from foreign taxes and jurisdictions.

The foundation of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery goes back to Adalbert in 1116, from which the Cistercian monastery Eberbach later developed.

In 1117 Adalbert received the pallium , and in 1119 he was appointed papal legate for Germany. Pope Kalixt II asked him to work towards a peace between empire and church. This was decided on September 23, 1122 with the Worms Concordat . The Concordat ended the old imperial church system.

From then on, Adalbert was also actively involved in imperial politics. In 1125, at the election meeting in Mainz , he prevented the election of Duke Friedrich II of Swabia , a nephew of Heinrich V, as king. Instead, he achieved the election of Lothar of Supplinburg as the new king. This preserved the tradition of electing a king, which had recently come under pressure. However, the people of Mainz now had the Staufers against them, who became more and more powerful in the following decades.

In the schism of 1130 Adalbert initially behaved cautiously, but then joined most of the other German bishops on the side of Pope Innocent II.

The archbishop died on June 23, 1137. He was buried in the Gotthard Chapel (St. Godehard) built by him next to Mainz Cathedral , which for centuries was the palace chapel of the Archbishops of Mainz. His grave was found again in 1850.

literature

Heinrich Büttner : Archbishop Adalbert von Mainz, the Curia and the Empire in the years 1118–1122 , in: Josef Fleckenstein (Ed.): Investiture Controversy and Reich Constitution (= lectures and research, vol. 17), Sigmaringen 1973, p. 395– 410 ISBN 3-7995-6617-1 ( digitized version )

Karl Heinemeyer: Adalbert I, Archbishop of Mainz , in: Peter Neumann (ed.), Saarländische Lebensbilder Vol. 2, Saarbrücken 1984, pp. 11–41. ISBN 3-921646-79-0

Friedhelm Jürgensmeier : The diocese of Mainz. From Roman times to the Second Vatican Council . Knecht Verlag, Frankfurt 1988.

Christoph Waldecker : Between emperor, curia, clergy and militant lay people. The Archbishops of Mainz in the period from 1100 to 1160 . Mainz 2002 ( Sources and Treatises on the Middle Rhine Church History 101).

Eberhard wood / Wolfgang Huschner (ed.): German princes of the Middle Ages . Edition Leipzig, Leipzig 1995, ISBN 3-361-00437-3

Albert Schumann: Adalbert, Archbishop of Mainz . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, pp. 62-65.

Peter Acht : Adalbert I, Archbishop of Mainz. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 44 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Adalbert I. von Saarbrücken in the repertory "Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages"

Remarks

↑ Stefan Weinfurter: The Century of the Salians 1024-1125. Ostfildern 2006, p. 181.
↑ Stiftsarchiv AB, documents, no. 2795 ; accessed on April 20, 2020
↑ Stefan Weinfurter: The Century of the Salians 1024-1125. Ostfildern 2006, p. 181.
^ Friedhelm Jürgensmeier: The diocese of Mainz. From Roman times to the Second Vatican Council. Frankfurt 1988, p. 86
^ Research report in: Hermann Bär : Diplomatic history of the Eberbach Abbey in the Rheingau . Ed .: Karl Rossel . tape 1 . Association for Nassau Antiquity and Historical Research , Wiesbaden 1855, p. 89–127 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10029476-2 .

predecessor	Office	successor
Ruthard	Archbishop of Mainz 1111–1137	Adalbert II of Saarbrücken

personal data
SURNAME	Adalbert I of Saarbrücken
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Adalbert of Saarbrücken
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Chancellor Heinrich V and Archbishop of Mainz (1111–1137)
DATE OF BIRTH	11th century
DATE OF DEATH	June 23, 1137

[1] Stefan Weinfurter: The Century of the Salians 1024-1125. Ostfildern 2006, p. 181.

[2] Stiftsarchiv AB, documents, no. 2795 ; accessed on April 20, 2020

[3] Stefan Weinfurter: The Century of the Salians 1024-1125. Ostfildern 2006, p. 181.

[4] Friedhelm Jürgensmeier: The diocese of Mainz. From Roman times to the Second Vatican Council. Frankfurt 1988, p. 86

[5] Research report in: Hermann Bär : Diplomatic history of the Eberbach Abbey in the Rheingau . Ed .: Karl Rossel . tape 1 . Association for Nassau Antiquity and Historical Research , Wiesbaden 1855, p. 89–127 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10029476-2 .