Mainz

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Mainz
Mainz
Map of Germany, position of the city of Mainz highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 0 '  N , 8 ° 16'  E

Basic data
State : Rhineland-Palatinate
Height : 89 m above sea level NHN
Area : 97.74 km 2
Residents: 218,578 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 2236 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 55116-55131
Primaries : 06131, 06136Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / area code contains text
License plate : MZ
Community key : 07 3 15 000
City structure: 7 planning areas
15 local districts
65 city districts
183 statistical districts (= electoral districts)

City administration address :
Jockel-Fuchs-Platz 1
55116 Mainz
Website : www.mainz.de
Lord Mayor : Michael Ebling ( SPD )
Location of the state capital Mainz in Rhineland-Palatinate
Niederlande Belgien Frankreich Luxemburg Baden-Württemberg Hessen Nordrhein-Westfalen Saarland Frankenthal (Pfalz) Kaiserslautern Koblenz Landau in der Pfalz Landau in der Pfalz Ludwigshafen am Rhein Mainz Pirmasens Speyer Trier Worms Zweibrücken Landkreis Ahrweiler Landkreis Altenkirchen (Westerwald) Landkreis Alzey-Worms Landkreis Bad Dürkheim Landkreis Bad Kreuznach Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich Landkreis Birkenfeld Landkreis Cochem-Zell Donnersbergkreis Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm Landkreis Germersheim Landkreis Kaiserslautern Landkreis Kusel Landkreis Mainz-Bingen Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz Neustadt an der Weinstraße Landkreis Neuwied Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis Rhein-Lahn-Kreis Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße Landkreis Südwestpfalz Landkreis Trier-Saarburg Landkreis Vulkaneifel Westerwaldkreismap
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Official logo of the state capital Mainz
Flag of the state capital Mainz
View of Mainz with the Bonifazius towers and the cathedral
The old town of Mainz with parts of the cathedral in the background

Mainz ( listen ? / I ) is the state capital of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate with 218,578 inhabitants also its largest city . Mainz is an independent district , one of the five regional centers in Rhineland-Palatinate and part of the Rhine-Main area . With the neighboring Hessian state capital Wiesbaden , it forms a cross-border dual center with around 495,000 inhabitants. Mainz and Wiesbaden are the only two capitals of German territorial states with a common city border. Audio file / audio sample

The city, founded in Roman times, is the seat of the Johannes Gutenberg University , the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz and several television and radio stations , such as the Südwestrundfunk (SWR) and the Second German Television (ZDF). Mainz is a stronghold of the Rhenish Carnival .

Name and coat of arms of the city

Development of the city name

In the course of history, the name of the city has changed several times, and it has only been possible to speak of a binding spelling since the 18th century. The Roman name " Mogontiacum " can be derived from the Celtic deity Mogon ( Mogont-i-acum = "Land of Mogon"). Mogontiacum was first mentioned in the historiography by the Roman historian Tacitus in his early 2nd century work Histories in connection with the Batavian Rebellion . Different spellings and abbreviations were already common at the time of Roman rule: "Moguntiacum" or shortened as "Moguntiaco" in the Tabula Peutingeriana .

In Middle Latin, the name was shortened from the 6th century and from then on "Moguntia" or "Magantia" was written and pronounced. In the 7th century the city name changed to "Mogancia", "Magancia urbis" or "Maguntia", in the 8th century to "Magontia". In the 11th century the name came back to "Moguntiacum" or "Moguntie". In general, the city name was often not influenced by actual language development, but by the prevailing "fashion" of pronunciation. The 12th century referred to the city as "Magonta", "Maguntia", "Magontie", and "Maguntiam". An Arabic world map from the same period calls it "maiansa". From 13./14. by the 15th century, the name changed from "Meginze" to "Menze", which is the name development in Latin sources. German-language sources speak of “Meynce” in 1315, “Meintz” in 1320, “Maentze” in 1322, “Meintze” in 1342, “Meintz” in 1357 and “Mayntz” in 1365. The surname “Mayntz”, which originated at that time, is still in use today in this spelling. Later they were also called Mainzer. The term Magenza also appears in medieval Jewish literature .

In the 15th century the spelling “Maintz” appears for the first time. The spelling “Menze”, “Mentz (e)”, “Meintz” or “Meyntz” were more common at this time. The name forms with ai or ay prevailed since the 16th century and finally in the Baroque period. Since the 18th century there have hardly been any changes to the city ​​name . An exception is the French form of the name Mayence during the French occupation in 1792/93 and when it belonged to France from 1798 to 1814.

In Mainz dialect , there are two versions of the city name, Meenz and Määnz , insist on the correctness of the population different views. Studies have found that the spelling and pronunciation form Meenz ( pronounced with a closed e- sound) is preferred in the old town, the other variant Määnz (with an open e-sound) is more used in the Neustadt, the suburbs and the surrounding area of ​​Rhine-Hesse.

Development of the city arms

The coat of arms of the city of Mainz shows two inclined, six-spoke, silver wheels connected by a silver cross on a red background. The city colors are red and white.

Originally the coat of arms showed the patron saint of the city, Saint Martin . The city's council seal from 1300 showed this for the first time in connection with the wheel (for the exact history of its origins, see the main article). The Archbishop of Mainz, who was also the prince of the electoral state , also included the wheel in the territorial coat of arms. To distinguish this, the city now only used the double wheel as its coat of arms, with the wheel being placed at an angle from the 16th century. While the areas on the left bank of the Rhine belonged to France, all coats of arms were initially banned in the occupied areas. The seal of the newly created Mairie - the French mayor's office - showed the goddess of freedom with the Jacobin cap . After Napoleon I was coronated as emperor in 1804, the city seal contained the French imperial eagle. On June 13, 1811, the Mainz wheel was registered again. The three bees of the House of Bonaparte were added to the coat of arms above in a beam . The colors, however, were reversed. Between 1835 and 1915 the coat of arms still had a special shield head. This was to represent Mainz as a federal fortress. During the history of the city, the shape of the wheel changed several times. Spokes were added, additions were added or removed again. Since June 12, 1915, the coat of arms has had its current form, which was slightly modified from 1992 and could therefore be used as the city logo without any problems. In May 2008 this was provided with a slight arch on the upper coat of arms and a slightly shorter cross.

geography

Aerial view of Mainz (left bank of the Rhine) and Mainz-Kostheim with Mainz-Kastel (right bank of the Rhine)
50th degree of latitude on Gutenbergplatz

Mainz is located at an altitude of 82 to 245  m above sea level. NN . The city is located on the western (left) bank of the Rhine, which forms the eastern city limits, with Rhine kilometer 500 approximately halfway between Lake Constance and the North Sea. In the south and west, the city in the Mainz Basin is bounded by the edge of the Rhine-Hessian plateau and in the north a foreshore that has receded from the Rhine extends. The 50th degree of north latitude runs through Mainz .

location

The city of Mainz lies opposite the mouth of the Main on the Rhine . In the immediate vicinity - in addition to the neighboring Wiesbaden - the major cities of Frankfurt am Main , Darmstadt , Ludwigshafen am Rhein and Mannheim are located .

The six former districts of Mainz-Amöneburg , Mainz-Kastel and Mainz-Kostheim ("AKK") as well as Mainz-Bischofsheim, Mainz-Ginsheim and Mainz-Gustavsburg ("BGG") form a political peculiarity . After the Second World War , due to the demarcation between the American and French occupation zones, the AKK districts were handed over to the fiduciary administration of the city of Wiesbaden or became independent municipalities in the Hessian district of Groß-Gerau as Bischofsheim and Ginsheim-Gustavsburg . According to the lifestyle of many residents, the AKK districts still belong to Mainz today, which is expressed, among other things, in the Mainz-oriented infrastructure. The city of Mainz describes it as " de facto belonging to Mainz". Due to the fact that the transfer of territory to Wiesbaden has never been legally completed, they still have the prefix “Mainz-” in their official name (see also AKK conflict and districts of Mainz on the right bank of the Rhine ).

Neighboring communities

The following cities and communities border the city of Mainz. They are called clockwise starting in the north:

City structure

Mainz districts

The urban area of ​​Mainz is divided into 15 districts . Each district has a local council consisting of 13 directly elected members and a directly elected mayor who is the chairman of the local council.

The local advisory board can be heard on all important issues affecting the local district. The final decision on a measure is then incumbent on the Mainz City Council. In addition, there are seven planning areas, 65 city districts and 183 statistical districts, which also correspond to the voting districts.

The districts of Altstadt , Hartenberg-Münchfeld , Neustadt and Oberstadt correspond (without Münchfeld , which previously belonged to Gonsenheim ) to the former district of Mainz-Innenstadt , which was dissolved in 1989.

Districts

Population with main and secondary residence in the local districts according to the population register as of December 31, 2019
No. District Coat of
arms
Area
in km²
A
resident
(main
residence)
A
resident
(secondary
residence)
One
resident
(total
H. + N.)
One
resident
per km²
From
countries
(main
residence)
From
countries
share
in%
Note,
parts of the municipality,
housing, etc.
15th Old town Coat of arms of Mainz-2008 new.svg 2,414 17,862 429 18,291 7,399 3,458 19.4
16 Neustadt Coat of arms of Mainz-2008 new.svg 3,661 28,994 393 29,387 7,920 6,796 23.4
24 Upper Town Coat of arms of Mainz-2008 new.svg 5.868 22,086 354 22,440 3,764 4,430 20.1
25th Hartenberg-Münchfeld Coat of arms of Mainz-2008 new.svg 3.427 18,376 400 18,776 5,362 3,984 21.7
31 Mombach Coat of arms Mombach.png 6.316 13,967 98 14,065 2.211 3,805 27.2
41 Gonsenheim DEU Gonsenheim COA.svg 9.127 25,049 259 25,308 2,744 4,071 16.3 Draisberghof
Kriegersmühle
Wendelinusheim
42 Finthen DEU Finthen COA.svg 11,061 14,415 96 14,511 1,303 2,219 15.4 At the Geiersköpfel
Layenhof
51 Bretzenheim Wappen-Mz-Bretzenheim.jpg 10.651 19,933 324 20,257 1,871 2,950 14.8 Old brick factory
Heilig Geist Gewann
Zahlbach
52 Marienborn DEU Marienborn COA.svg 3.015 4,528 48 4,579 1,502 951 21.0 Chausseehaus
Behind the Chausseehaus
53 Lerchenberg Coat of arms Lerchenberg.svg 2,411 6,274 133 6,407 2,602 1,172 18.7
54 Drais DEU Drais COA.svg 3.078 3,101 52 3,153 1.007 202 6.5
61 Hechtsheim DEU Mainz-Hechtsheim COA.svg 14.043 15,596 134 15,730 1,111 2.191 14.0 Nursery in Speß
62 Ebersheim DEU Ebersheim COA.svg 9,833 5,971 46 6,017 607 802 13.4
71 Weisenau Coat of arms Weisenau.svg 4.056 12,872 122 12,994 3,174 2,953 22.9 On the
Lothary-Aue mountain
72 Laubenheim DEU Laubenheim am Rhein COA.svg 8,789 9,155 123 9,278 1,042 1,034 11.3 Gutshof Laubenheimer Höhe
Kilianshof in the Striet
State capital Mainz Coat of arms of Mainz-2008 new.svg 97.750 218.179 3,011 221.190 2,232 41,018 18.8

Note: Key figures relate to the residents with their main residence in the respective area

Population with main residence in the AKK suburbs according to the population register as of January 1, 2018
No. District Coat of
arms
Area
in km²
A
resident
One
resident
per km²
From
countries
From
countries
share
in%
Note,
parts of the municipality,
housing, etc.
51 Amöneburg Coat of arms Amoeneburg (Wiesbaden) .png 3.71 1,582 426 507 32.0
52 Kastel DEU Mainz-Kastel COA.jpg 9.51 13,447 1,414 3,537 26.3
53 Kostheim DEU Mainz-Kostheim COA.svg 9.53 14,267 1,497 2,918 20.5
State capital Wiesbaden Coat of arms Wiesbaden.svg 22.75 29,796 1,112 6,962 26.2

Incorporations

Augustinerstraße in the old town of Mainz, 2013

The table under this section lists formerly independent municipalities and districts that were incorporated into the city of Mainz as part of the incorporation . The separation of the districts on the right bank of the Rhine after the Second World War was compensated for by further incorporations from 1969. From 1962 a completely new part of the city was created with the Lerchenberg.

year places Growth
in hectares
13th Century Selenhofen (together with Altmünsterkloster) approx. 5
1294 Vilzbach ?
May 23, 1805 Zahlbach 120
April 1, 1907 Mombach 608
April 1, 1908 Kastel with Amöneburg a) 1,332
January 1, 1913 Kostheim a) 953
January 1, 1930 Bretzenheim, Weisenau 1,733
January 1, 1930 Bischofsheim b) , Ginsheim-Gustavsburg b) 2,407
April 1, 1938 Gonsenheim 1,058
April 16, 1964 Lerchenberg 241
7th June 1969 Drais, Ebersheim, Finthen, Hechtsheim, Laubenheim, Marienborn 4,778
a) transferred to Wiesbaden in August 1945
b)since July 1945 independent municipalities in the Groß-Gerau district in the state of Hesse

climate

Fluctuations in precipitation in Mainz

The annual precipitation is 613 mm and is thus in the lower quarter of the values ​​recorded in Germany. The driest month is February, the most rain falls in June. This month the precipitation is on average 1.7 times higher than in February. Precipitation hardly varies and is evenly distributed over the year.

The mean annual average temperature in the period 1961 to 1990 was 10.1 ° C and thus well above the German average.

Climate diagram for the city of Mainz

Mainz
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
38
 
3
-1
 
 
36
 
5
-1
 
 
38
 
10
2
 
 
38
 
14th
5
 
 
50
 
19th
9
 
 
58
 
22nd
12
 
 
56
 
24
13
 
 
53
 
24
13
 
 
41
 
20th
10
 
 
43
 
14th
7th
 
 
48
 
8th
3
 
 
46
 
5
0
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: Intellicast
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Mainz
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3.4 5.3 9.7 14.2 19.0 22.0 24.0 23.6 20.1 14.3 8.0 4.5 O 14.1
Min. Temperature (° C) −1.2 −0.6 1.9 4.8 8.7 11.9 13.4 13.2 10.3 6.6 2.5 −0.1 O 6th
Precipitation ( mm ) 38 36 38 38 50 58 56 53 41 43 48 46 Σ 545
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
3.4
−1.2
5.3
−0.6
9.7
1.9
14.2
4.8
19.0
8.7
22.0
11.9
24.0
13.4
23.6
13.2
20.1
10.3
14.3
6.6
8.0
2.5
4.5
−0.1
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
38
36
38
38
50
58
56
53
41
43
48
46
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Intellicast

Climate emergency

On September 25, 2019, the Mainz city council declared a climate emergency . He agreed with a large majority and only with votes against from the AfD to the corresponding application.

history

Prehistory and Roman times

Relics from Roman times: The so-called Roman stones as relics of the old water supply

The urban area of ​​today's Mainz was already a resting place for hunters during the last Ice Age 20,000 to 25,000 years ago, as evidenced by relics discovered during excavations in 1921.

However, the first permanent settlements in the Mainz city area are of Celtic origin. The Celts were in the second half of the first millennium BC. The dominant force on the Rhine. From these Celtic settlements and the related Celtic deity Mogon (roughly comparable to the Greco-Roman Apollo ), the Romans who arrived on the Rhine after the Gallic War (52 BC ) derived the name “ Mogontiacum ” for their new legionary camp from. For a long time it was assumed that this camp was built around 38 BC. Was founded. However, recent research has shown that the founding of the camp (and thus ultimately the city of Mainz) was not made until later, namely around 13/12 BC. By Drusus .

After the double legion camp Mogontiacum was founded, the camp, which is located in the area of ​​today's Kästrich, was very quickly surrounded by individual settlements (Latin cannabae ). The two legions needed craftsmen and traders to maintain their operational capability. These settlements are the starting point for the urban development of Mainz. The city then belonged to the Roman Empire for about 500 years and was the capital of the province of Germania superior from about 89 AD and, from the 4th century, Germania prima . In contrast to Cologne , the capital of the second Germanic province, Mogontiacum does not seem to have been elevated to a colonia . Above all, the large Rhine bridge made the place economically and strategically important. The first city ​​wall was built in the second half of the 3rd century . By the middle of the 4th century at the latest, there was a Christian community in the city under the direction of a bishop. No legion seems to have been stationed in Mainz since around 350.

The medieval episcopal city

St. Martin's Cathedral in Mainz, in front of it the cathedral houses, anno 1771 and the Renaissance drawing well, donated by Archbishop Albrecht in 1526.

Around 406 Mainz was conquered and plundered by Vandals , Alans and Suebi . After the period of the so-called Great Migration , during which the Westrom disintegrated, the city gradually began to rise and finally came under Frankish rule by 480 at the latest . Its function as a transshipment point for all kinds of commercial goods (later mainly exhibition goods intended for Frankfurt) accelerated urban development. Above all, the area between the old Roman camp and the Rhine remained populated.

At the end of this development there was an outstanding significance on a cultural, religious and political level. From the middle of the 8th century, Archbishop Bonifatius actively promoted the Christianization of the East, especially the Saxons , from Mainz . In 782 Mainz was raised to an archbishopric . The ecclesiastical province subsequently developed into the largest on this side of the Alps . Mainz acquired the title Aurea Moguntia in the 9th and 10th centuries . The influence of the Archbishops of Mainz made them imperial orchancellors , rulers of the Electoral Mainz territory and royal electors ( electors ). Archbishop Willigis (975-1011) had the Mainz Cathedral built as a symbol of his power and was temporarily the governing man in the empire as the imperial administrator . In the course of this rise of spiritual power in secular affairs, the city of Mainz itself had fallen under the control of its archbishop.

The high Middle Ages brought special privileges for the citizens for the first time, which were granted to them by Archbishop Adalbert I of Saarbrücken (1110–1137). Above all, they included tax exemptions and the right to answer in court only within the city. After the assassination of Archbishop Arnold von Selenhofen in 1160, however, these privileges were revoked. In addition, the city ​​walls were razed on the orders of Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa . Although so marked, Mainz was soon the center of imperial politics again. As early as 1184, Friedrich Barbarossa invited the elite of the empire to a court day on the occasion of his sons' sword guiding in Mainz, which some chroniclers consider to be the greatest festival of the Middle Ages. He came back to Mainz as early as 1188 to start the Third Crusade on the “Court Day of Jesus Christ” . In addition to Speyer and Worms , Mainz was considered one of the ShUM cities and the birthplace of Ashkenazi culture.

In 1212 Siegfried II of Eppstein crowned the Staufer Emperor Friedrich II in Mainz Cathedral. Friedrich II returned to Mainz in 1235 to hold a Reichstag there. On August 15th the "Landfriede of Mainz" was issued on this.

Free City of Mainz

Siegfried von Eppstein's privilege of freedom

In the disputes between the Hohenstaufen and their opponents in the 1240s, the citizens of Mainz let themselves be courted by both sides. The consequence of this policy was that the citizens as a price for their support in 1244 by Archbishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein received a comprehensive city privilege. The archbishop was then only formally head of the city, the self-government, jurisdiction and decision-making power over new taxes was transferred to the citizenry or the 24-member city council. In addition, the privilege released the citizens from their compulsion to obey in all armed conflicts that did not concern the city's defense. From this point on, Mainz was a "Free City" .

The time as a Free City (until 1462) is considered the highlight of the city's history. The political influence of the citizens reached during this time the highest municipal and supraregional importance, of which the founding of the Rhenish Association of Cities in 1254 is clear evidence. Trade and commerce were able to flourish during this time, not least under the protection of the city union and the guarantee of the Peace of Mainz of 1235. Mainz rose to become an important business location.

From 1328 the decline of the free middle class and its privileges began due to conflicts with the archbishop. In the Mainz collegiate feud , the citizens took the side of Archbishop Diether von Isenburg , who had opposed both the emperor and the pope. The city was taken in 1462 by Adolf II , Diether's competitor for the office of archbishop. Adolf II had the citizens of Mainz hand over all privileges to him and ended the time of the Free City. Mainz became an electoral residence and subsequently developed into an aristocratic metropolis without any political significance of its own.

Electoral residence city

Johannes Gutenberg Monument in front of the Gutenberg Museum

As his successor, Adolf II recommended Diether von Isenburg, of all people, to the increasingly powerful Mainz cathedral chapter . In 1477 he founded the university planned by Adolf II.

The Reformation , which began in 1517 , initially had good prospects in Mainz. The book printing with movable type invented there by Johannes Gutenberg around 1450 enabled the rapid expansion of the Reformation writings and the Archbishop of Mainz and Cardinal Albrecht von Brandenburg was initially open to their ideas. In the end, however, she could not prevail in Mainz. The cathedral chapter twice elected Catholic archbishops with a narrow majority. With the exception of garrison congregations, no Protestant congregation was allowed to form in the city until 1802.

Mainz - Excerpt from the Topographia Hassiae by Matthäus Merian the Younger 1655

The medieval city fortifications had given way to a more modern fortification from the middle of the 16th century , which eventually encompassed the entire city. Outside this fortress, no stone buildings were allowed to be built in order not to be able to offer protection to advancing troops. Therefore, the city could only develop in the open spaces that remained within the walls, which severely limited the city's growth into the 20th century.

Despite this fortress, Mainz was captured by the Swedish army without a fight during the Thirty Years' War . Johann Philipp von Schönborn , who became Archbishop of Mainz in 1647 and under whose pontificate the city quickly recovered from the devastation of the war, made a decisive contribution to ending the war . After this war, the jurisdiction in the Electorate of Mainz was reorganized and compulsory schooling was introduced from 1682 , which otherwise had existed since 1649.

In the emerging Baroque era , the city was home to glamorous buildings that are still part of the cityscape today. With the term of office of Elector Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim (1763–1774), the Enlightenment also found its way into the “city of nobility” on a political level.

The end of the old order

The ideas of the Enlightenment finally led to the revolution in France . In 1790 the so-called Mainz knot uprising had come about . After France had conquered the left bank of the Rhine including Mainz in the coalition wars in 1792 , Prince-Bishop Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal had to flee the city. The occupying power initiated the establishment of the " Mainz Republic " in March 1793 and held the first free elections, but this ended in July of the same year after the Prussian siege and bombardment of the city and the withdrawal of the French. The coalition wars continued and led to the next occupation of the city in 1797. The nobility disappeared from Mainz and let the city become bourgeois. Like all areas on the left bank of the Rhine, Mainz was annexed by France and, as Mayence, capital of the French Département du Mont-Tonnerre (named after the Donnersberg ) under the administration of the French prefect Jeanbon St. André .

Mainz in the Grand Duchy of Hesse

Federal fortress Mainz around 1844. Lithograph by J. Lehnhardt

Due to the loss of its residence function, the city, which had belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse since 1816, became very provincial in the 19th century. Significant supraregional events can therefore hardly be found in the city's history at this time. However, at that time Mainz was the seat of the Mainz Central Investigation Commission in the context of the demagogue persecution as a result of the Karlsbad resolutions . The Mainz Carnival , which developed from 1837 onwards, was of lasting importance .

The fortress function (now federal fortress of the German Confederation ) also hindered the expansion of the city and the development of the population . Until the end of the fortress, the city almost never had more than 30,000 inhabitants. Around 1856, seventeen Rhine mills were chained together near Mainz and anchored to the remains of a Roman bridge . When the last free spaces within the fortress, such as the Kästrich , were built on in the 1850s and the banks of the Rhine were moved to the northeast in the 1880s, the number of inhabitants within the old town increased significantly. However, due to the fortress function, the city could not grow as much as Wiesbaden, for example.

The most important development of the city, however, happened through the incorporation of the "garden field" or the new town . This newly built extension of the city wall triggered a building boom and population growth in the early days from 1872 , although this was initially slowed down by the stock market crash in 1873. This expansion was made possible not least by the loss of importance of the fortress (from then on the Metz fortress served as a bulwark of the German Empire against France) after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71. From 1886, building activity in the Neustadt (and with the relocation of the main train station away from the banks of the Rhine also in the Lauterenviertel during this time ) continued.

It was not until shortly before the First World War that the old fortress structures were finally demolished, so that the city could now expand outside of the previous walls. The expansion of the city triggered by this and the extensive incorporations led to further population growth.

In 1852 a 1.7 kilogram stone meteorite of the type L6 was found in a field near Mainz . The site is now built on and is located near Pariser Strasse.

After Mainz organized the 4th German Fire Brigade Day in 1860 , the 16th German Fire Brigade Day took place in Mainz from September 3 to 6, 1904. It was the first after the turn of the century.

City view of Mainz around 1900

Modern Mainz

The First World War ended the brief upswing that had begun after the city ​​walls had been torn down. After the war, the Roaring Twenties passed almost completely on Mainz, which was occupied by the French until June 1930 . After the end of the occupation, there were again extensive incorporations (see table above ), which doubled the urban area. On November 1, 1938, Mainz and Offenbach am Main , Gießen , Darmstadt and Worms became independent .

The Nazis could not gain a foothold in Mainz initially. When the seizure of power on January 30, 1933, more people demonstrated against the new system than in favor. Nevertheless, almost all of Mainz's 3,000-member Jewish community was deported. The city was spared from World War II until 1942. The first heavy bombing attacks increased to the worst attack on February 27, 1945, when Mainz was almost completely destroyed by British bombers and around 1200 people were killed. A firestorm was sparked by incendiary bombs . At the end of the war the city was 80% destroyed. On March 21, 1945, Mainz was finally occupied by US troops as part of Operation Undertone . The war, which was still going on elsewhere in Germany, ended on May 8 with the unconditional surrender of the Wehrmacht .

After the war , Mainz was again occupied by the French. The border between the French and American occupation zones was formed by the Rhine near Mainz, which is why the districts on the right bank of the Rhine were separated. Following a proposal from the Wiesbaden regional council, the districts north of the mouth of the Main, Amöneburg , Kastel and Kostheim , were incorporated into Wiesbaden, which is one reason for today's rivalry between the two cities . The districts on the right bank of the Rhine south of the Main, Bischofsheim , Ginsheim and Gustavsburg , became independent communities again in the district of Groß-Gerau . The new formation of the states of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate cemented this division. The university , which was closed in 1798, was rebuilt as early as 1946 . Mainz was designated the capital of the newly formed state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946 by ordinance No. 57 of the French occupation administration and took up this function in 1950 instead of the previous provisional seat of government in Koblenz . Mainz was able to end the almost 150-year-old process of provincialization. After the Second World War, the population had fallen to around 76,000. It did not return to its pre-war level until the mid-1960s.

In 1962 the city celebrated its 2000th anniversary, which was based on the (unproven) view at the time that the Romans under Agrippa had already risen in 38 BC. Founded a military camp at the confluence of the Rhine and Main rivers. The emergence of Mainz-Lerchenberg as a new district after 1962 and large-scale incorporations around Mainz in 1969 ended the stagnation in urban development caused by the Second World War and offered extensive expansion and development opportunities. With the establishment of the ZDF on the Lerchenberg, the expansion into a media city began in 1976, followed by the establishment of a studio for the SWR and, at times, the broadcasting center for Sat.1 . This development was reinforced by the Gutenberg year 2000, which was celebrated with numerous activities . In addition to other urban development programs such as the renovation of the old town, Mainz has also been involved in the federal-state program "Social City" since the year mentioned above. From 1969 to the end of 1995, Mainz was also the seat of the Mainz-Bingen district administration before it was relocated to Ingelheim.

On March 25, 2010, the Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft awarded the city of Mainz the title “City of Science” of the year 2011. For this reason, the city organized numerous events, exhibitions and lectures in cooperation with the Mainz universities, associations and educational institutions.

On December 23, 2010 at around 02:36 a.m., an earthquake occurred with a value of 3.5 on the Richter scale . The epicenter was in the Lerchenberg district. The earthquake did not cause any major damage. An aftershock (2.8 on the Richter scale) at 6:52 a.m. followed. In neighboring Wiesbaden , a value of 3.2 was achieved on the Richter scale.

In September 2010 the New Synagogue was ceremoniously opened in the Neustadt district of Mainz in the presence of the Federal President . In mid-2011, after a two-year construction period, the Coface-Arena opened in the fields near Bretzenheim as the new venue for 1. FSV Mainz 05 (now the Opel Arena ). In December 2016, after a 2.5-year construction period and at a cost of 90 million euros, the “ Mainzelbahn ” was put into operation as part of the nationwide largest tram project . Since then, lines 51 and 53 have connected the main train station via Bretzenheim and Marienborn with Lerchenberg. On April 15, 2018, a referendum took place in Mainz for the first time . Slightly more than 40% of the approximately 161,000 residents entitled to vote took part and 77% voted against a building project decided by a majority of the city council, the “Bibelturm”, as part of the Gutenberg Museum to be built .

Panorama of the modern state capital and university city of Mainz (photo 2008)

Population development

In the first half of the 19th century Mainz had between 20,000 and 30,000 inhabitants; Due to industrialization and the expansion of the urban area into today's Neustadt, this number grew in the following decades and had more than doubled between 1850 and 1900. In 1908 the city first reached the limit of 100,000 inhabitants, making it a major city . Mainz has had a permanent population of more than 100,000 since 1952, and this number increased in the following decades as a result of several incorporations. In 2011 the limit of 200,000 inhabitants was exceeded. At the end of 2017, 215,058 residents had their main residence in Mainz. According to the city, the number of residents (main and secondary residence) exceeded the threshold of 220,000 in summer 2019.

politics

State Chancellery Rhineland-Palatinate, spring 2017

The city of Mainz is an independent city according to the municipal regulations of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The Lord Mayor is directly elected and his term of office is eight years.

In the general election in 2017 defended Ursula Groden-Kranich (CDU), the direct mandate. In addition to Groden-Kranich, Tabea Rößner (Greens) and Sebastian Münzenmaier (AfD), who were elected via the state lists, also belong to the German Bundestag from the Mainz constituency .

At the state level, Mainz is currently divided into two state electoral districts. The constituency of Mainz I has been redesigned after the state elections in 2011 and includes the inner-city districts as well as Laubenheim and Weisenau, while the constituency of Mainz II includes Bretzenheim, Drais, Ebersheim, Finthen, Gonsenheim, Hechtsheim, Lerchenberg, Marienborn and Mombach. The directly elected MP in the Mainz I constituency is Johannes Klomann (SPD), in the Mainz II constituency the incumbent Rhineland-Palatinate Finance Minister Doris Ahnen (SPD) won the direct mandate in 2016 . For the 2021 state election , Mainz will be divided into three constituencies due to the increased number of residents in recent years. The new constituency of Mainz III will include the districts Drais, Ebersheim, Finthen, Laubenheim, Lerchenberg and Marienborn as well as the community of Bodenheim .

On the historical development from the Archbishop's Metropolis (1011 to 1244) to the Free City (1244 to 1462), the time as a residential city under the administration of the Elector (until 1798) and the period from 1798 to 1814 under a French municipal constitution to the current status As an independent city, see the explanations in the article on the history of the city of Mainz .

City council

Mainz Town Hall

The city ​​council of Mainz consists of 60 honorary council members, who were elected in a personalized proportional representation in the local elections on May 26, 2019 , and the full-time mayor as chairman. Since the 2019 elections, the Greens have been the strongest faction in the city council, replacing the CDU after 25 years in this role (see table for details). In December 2009, a traffic light coalition made up of the SPD, FDP and the Greens was formed for the first time in Mainz . It continued after both the 2014 local elections and the 2019 elections.

The distribution of seats in the Mainz city council:

year Green CDU SPD FDP left AfD ÖDP POLITICAL PARTY FW Pirates volt BIG Per MZ REP total
2019 17th 14th 12 4th 4th 3 2 1 1 1 1 - - - 60
2014 12 18th 17th 3 3 2 2 - 1 1 - - 1 - 60
2009 13 18th 14th 6th 2 - 4th - - - - - - 3 60
2004 9 23 17th 5 - - 2 - - - - - - 4th 60
1999 6th 26th 22nd 4th - - - - - - - - - 2 60
  • FW = Voting Community - Free Voters Mainz e. V.
  • Pro MZ = Pro Mainz.
Allocation of seats in the city council since 2019
Election of the Mainz City Council 2019
in percent
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
27.6
(+7.5)
23.4
(-6.9)
20.5
(-7.2)
5.9
(+0.9)
5.9
(+1.3)
5.3
(+2.3)
4.2
(+0.2)
2.2
( n.k. )
1.9
(+0.9)
3.1
(-1.2)
2014



Lord Mayor

In the runoff election on March 25, 2012, Michael Ebling (SPD) was elected Lord Mayor with 58.2%, against Günter Beck (Greens) with 41.8%. The turnout was 34.3%. He succeeded Jens Beutel (SPD), who previously held the post of Lord Mayor from 1997 until the end of 2011 .

The last election for this office took place on October 27, 2019. According to the preliminary official final result, Michael Ebling (SPD) received 41.0% of the votes in this ballot, followed by Nino Haase (non-party) with 32.4%, Tabea Rößner (Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen) received 22.5%, Martin Malcherek (DIE LINKE.) 2.8% and Martin Ehrhardt (Die PARTTEI) 1.4%. Since nobody received the necessary majority of the votes cast, there was a runoff election on November 10, 2019 between incumbent Michael Ebling and the challenger Nino Haase, nominated by the CDU, ÖDP and Free Voters. Ebling won this with 55.2% of the vote and was thus re-elected. The turnout in the runoff election was 40.2%.

Incumbent since 1945

After the end of World War II, the following people were mayors of Mainz:

For a complete overview, see the List of Mayors of Mainz .

City Council

The city board consists of the mayor Michael Ebling (SPD), to whom Department I is subordinate, and the heads of the other city departments. The acting department heads are the mayor Günter Beck (Greens, Department II - Finances, Shareholdings and Sport) as well as the deputy Manuela Matz (CDU, Department III - Economy, Urban Development, Real Estate and Public Order), Eckart Lensch (SPD, Department IV - Social Affairs, Children, youth, school and health), Katrin Eder (Greens, Department V - Environment, Green, Energy and Transport) and Marianne Grosse (SPD, Department VI - Building, Monument Preservation and Culture). The lawyer Manuela Matz was surprisingly elected as head of economic affairs on November 21, 2018 with effect from December 8, as the previous incumbent Christopher Sitte (FDP) had withdrawn his candidacy at short notice.

household

Debt of the city of Mainz for 500 marks from April 1, 1919

The city of Mainz is one of the most heavily indebted cities in Germany. As of December 31, 2012, the city's debt, including its various companies, totaled 2.32 billion euros. At the end of 2016, the city of Mainz alone had 1.253 billion euros in debt. These are mainly divided into around 500 million euros in investment loans and around 755 million euros in liquidity loans , the latter only being used to maintain the city's solvency. For 2016, a debt increase of almost 27 million euros was also expected.

In terms of per capita debt, Mainz was the third most indebted city in Germany in 2014 after Darmstadt and Kaiserslautern . In 2012 the city joined the Rhineland-Palatinate Municipal Debt Relief Fund (KEF-RP) by city council resolution on December 14, 2011.

Religions

Denomination statistics

According to the results of the census on May 9, 2011 , 74,138 (37.0%) residents of Mainz belonged to the Catholic Church, 47,327 (23.6%) residents were Protestant and 78,879 (39.4%) residents were classified under the heading “Other "Or" none ö.-r. Religious society belonging ”assigned.

In 2018, 71,473 Mainz (32.5%) were members of the Catholic, 44,657 (20.3%) of the Protestant Church and 103,773 (47.2%) “other” or “none public”. Belonging to a religious society ”.

Currently (as of April 30, 2020) 31.4% are members of the Catholic, 19.8% of the Protestant Church and 48.8% are “other” or “none public”. Belonging to a religious society ”.

Christianity

Aerial view from the south: Mainz Cathedral in the old town at Höfchen
Aerial view of the Christ Church in Mainz on the Rhine

As the seat of one of the highest (Catholic) imperial princes, the city was always Catholic for centuries. Mainz has the only " Holy See " (sancta sedes Moguntia) outside of Rome. An early Christian congregation may have existed since late antiquity, perhaps also composed as an episcopal. In 780/782 Mainz was elevated to an archbishopric. The first archbishop of Mainz was Lullus , who had already succeeded Boniface in 754 (who as mission bishop only had the personal title archbishop). Mainz subsequently became the capital of the largest metropolitan association on the other side of the Alps (see Diocese of Mainz ). The Archbishop of Mainz took the leading position in the college of the seven electors (royal electors ), which was finally constituted in the 13th century (see also: History of the Diocese of Mainz ).

The indulgence issued by Pope Leo X in 1514 for the construction of the new St. Peter's Basilica in Rome was entrusted to Albrecht von Brandenburg (Archbishop of Mainz) for publication in Saxony and Brandenburg. Albrecht instructed Johann Tetzel to preach indulgence. Martin Luther later wrote a protest letter to Albrecht about Tetzel's behavior.

The first contact with Protestantism came with the Schmalkaldic War and its effects on the city in 1552 and in the Thirty Years' War with the occupation by Swedish troops. At that time, however, the new denomination could not prevail. After the collapse of Swedish rule during the Thirty Years' War, Catholicism regained the upper hand. Citizens with evangelical denominations were denied civil rights.

Since 1715 there was a small Lutheran garrison community in Mainz. In the second half of the 18th century, the Protestants who had meanwhile moved into the city were not only tolerated. The Elector Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim , who was seized by the spirit of the Enlightenment, and the Grand Chamberlain Anton Heinrich Friedrich von Stadion even employed Protestant officers and chamberlains at court. Under Elector Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal , they also received influence on the education system. However, they did not initially receive their own churches. It was not until 1802, after the de facto collapse of the electoral state, that the first Protestant church congregation was founded as a "uniate", that is, it had both Lutheran and Reformed congregation members. It was considered a model for the union of the two denominations in Rheinhessen in 1822. The fact that Mainz, as a federal fortress, had a partially Prussian (and thus Protestant) occupation proved beneficial.

The Catholic diocese, dissolved in 1803 and re-circumscribed under Napoleon, was in its present borders in 1821 laid down and the limits essentially comprises the Grand Duchy of Hesse, to the Mainz then belonged.

In 1832, Rheinhessen also became a part of the Protestant Church in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, where Rheinhessen formed its own superintendent. After the superintendent's seat was temporarily relocated to Darmstadt in 1882, Mainz became the seat of the same again in 1925. In 1934 the superintendent became the provost of Rheinhessen, in the church that was now united with Nassau. Since then, the parishes of the city have belonged to the dean's office in Mainz (Propstei Rheinhessen) of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau , provided they do not belong to a free church . Since October 1, 2017, the provost office has been expanded to include the Nassauer Land deanery.

In 1875 the Heinrich-Egli-Haus was founded for the homeless.

With the industrialization, the Mainz community grew rapidly. In 1849 there were 27,633 Catholics and 5,037 Protestants, in 1901 there were 49,408 Catholics, but already 31,151 Protestants. In 1930 there were 78,500 Catholics and 48,500 Protestants in the city. In 1997, 87,367 Catholics, 53,254 Protestants and 203 Jews lived in Mainz.

Free churches and special communities

The Free Religious Community of Mainz has existed since 1847 . It has its community center in Gartenfeldstrasse in Mainz Neustadt. The old community center at Grosse Bleiche 53 was completely destroyed in the bombing raid on February 27, 1945.

Other Christian religious communities are also represented in Mainz (in chronological order, if a date is known): The Baptists (in the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches , since 1862), the Old Catholic Church (since 1876), the New Apostolic Church (since around 1895) , the United Methodist Church (since 1906), the Seventh-day Adventist Church (since 1907), the Christian Community (since the late 1920s), the Mainz Bible Congregation (since 1978), the Pentecostal-charismatic “Christian Center DER FELS “(In the Bund Freikirchlicher Pfingstgemeinden (BFP)) (since 1981), the Free Evangelical Congregation ( since 1982), the Orthodox Church (since 1992) with a predominantly German-speaking congregation, the EnChristo Mainz (belongs to Foursquare Germany , Freikirchlichen Evangelischen Gemeindewerk e. V. (fegw)) an (since 1995), the Christian Family Center Free Church Community (since 1998), the Church of the Nazarene (since 2008), the Pentecostal church “The BAS IS - Congregation for This Generation “, Free Baptist Congregation Mombach and Jehovah's Witnesses .

Members of different Christian denominations have come together to form the Evangelical Alliance . The majority of Christian churches and parishes have been working together in the local working group of Christian churches since 1997 .

Since 2015, the use Macedonian Orthodox Church , the Church of Saint Nicholas (Mainz-Hechtsheim) .

Judaism

The city's new synagogue

The origins of the Jewish community in Magenza have not been fully clarified. A lot speaks for the thesis that the Jews came to Mainz with the Romans, but no proof has yet been found. The first certain record dates from the second half of the 10th century and is a Hebrew tradition of rabbinical legal opinions dealing with an already thriving Jewish community. In the Middle Ages, the Jewish community of Mainz, together with Spira and Worms, belonged to the ShUM cities , which gained European-wide importance for Ashkenazi Judaism, until the plague pogroms around 1350 . The respected Kalonymos family lived here. The work of Gershom ben Jehudas , one of the most important scholars of that time, was also significant . On the Judensand , the Jewish cemetery in Mainz, there are tombstones from the 11th century. The community was decimated several times (see history of the city of Mainz ) by pogroms during the time of the crusades and the plague epidemics. On the Jewish New Year celebrations , the Unetaneh tokef is spoken in every synagogue , commemorating the slain Mainz Jews of 1096. In 1435 the Jews were expelled from Mainz for centuries.

Before 1933 the congregation had up to 3000 members, in 1946 just 59. In 1997 there were 203 members, which is about 0.1% of the total population.

The Mainz synagogue in Neustadt, built at the beginning of the 20th century, was completely burned down and destroyed during the National Socialist era. At the original location, some columns were rebuilt as a memorial. In 1999 a competition for the construction of a new synagogue and a Jewish community center at the site of the old Mainz synagogue was held, which was won by the architect Manuel Herz . The new Mainz synagogue he designed has been the successor to previous synagogues in Mainz since September 3, 2010. The synagogue in Weisenau survived the war unscathed. It was restored at the end of the 1990s and given back to the Jewish community as a place of worship by Rabbi Leo Trepp on May 27, 1996 .

Islam

Muslim communities have been added mainly through immigration and naturalization . In 2002 the number of Muslims was put at around 15,000, at the same time there were 15 mosque associations . According to a calculation from the census figures for people with a migration background, the proportion of Muslims in Mainz on May 9, 2011 was 8.9 percent (around 17,800 people).

(Listed since 1800)

Cityscape

Old town: half-timbered houses in the cherry orchard
Alley of trees on the Rhine promenade
with cyclists

The city of Mainz is increasingly urban in its inner city area and in individual suburbs (especially Mombach and Weisenau). In other suburbs (e.g. Drais or Finthen) the village character has largely remained, even if the townscape has changed in some parts of the city over the past decades (e.g. in Finthen with the new development areas Katzenberg and Römerquelle ). In the inner city itself, however, many other elements of urban planning have also been preserved. Today's "old town" with its winding streets and alleys around Augustinerstraße is still clearly reminiscent of the medieval and early modern cityscape . Half-timbered houses can still be found there to this day . Large parts of the historic old town, especially north of Ludwigsstrasse , were damaged by the British air raids on Mainz during World War II, later demolished and modernized.

The new town designed by city architect Eduard Kreyssig was one of the largest urban expansion projects of its time, in which the urban area almost doubled. The Neustadt emerged in the early days of the founding around 1900, in which Mainz developed from a provincial fortress city to a big city.

Today, the panorama of the city from the Rhine side is mainly characterized by buildings from two different building eras: the town hall complex (by Arne Jacobsen and Otto Weitling ) with the Hilton Hotel and Rheingoldhalle from the modern era and the baroque and renaissance ensemble consisting of the new Zeughaus (now the State Chancellery), the Deutschhaus (now the Landtag) and the Electoral Palace .

After Marcel Lods failed to implement an ambitious new plan for the city center, which was largely destroyed in World War II , only the most important buildings were rebuilt. This includes the many baroque aristocratic palaces, which are mainly located on Schillerplatz . Otherwise, primarily new residential buildings were built in Mainz, for example the Am Fort Elisabeth settlement in the upper town. Due to the late boom at the beginning of the 1960s, these buildings are mainly in the style of that decade, which was criticized by urban planners then as now. Many housing estates around the city were also built in the style of the 1960s.

The most important buildings of the 19th century in Mainz that still exist today include the Protestant Christ Church , the main train station , the Rhine Bridge , parts of the State Theater built by Georg Moller and the fortifications or their remains. The other building evidence of that time, which are still clearly visible in the cityscape today, are almost exclusively residential buildings with or without a business line. From the more important building epochs in Mainz, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance (to some extent) and especially the Baroque, however, even more diverse examples have been preserved.

Romanesque and Gothic in Mainz

The former collegiate church of St. Stephan

Even today there are many testimonies of historical Romanesque and Gothic building culture that characterize the cityscape. The most important Romanesque building in Mainz is the Mainz Cathedral, which Archbishop Willigis had built between 975 and 1009. Since it burned down to a large extent on the day of its consecration, it was rebuilt ever larger in the following years, because the cathedral also burned in 1081 and 1137. He was led by Archbishop Bardo , Emperor Heinrich IV. , Archbishop Conrad I of Wittelsbach and Archbishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein continued through all building eras of the Romanesque. At the beginning of the Gothic era, Gothic elements were also implemented on the cathedral. Among other things , the artist who became known as the Naumburg master worked at the cathedral.

To the west of the cathedral is the St. John's Church , which was probably built above the first cathedral and was probably once the diocese's cathedral. It was consecrated in 910 by Archbishop Hatto and built in late Carolingian forms. However, it has been reshaped several times due to renovations and destruction, especially in the Second World War. Together with the cathedral and the Liebfrauenkirche in front of the cathedral, which was destroyed in 1793, the Johanniskirche once formed a coherent unit and with the surrounding squares ("courtyards") the archbishop's palace.

The historic monastery of St. Alban in front of Mainz , which was the most important church and spiritual center of the diocese in the 8th and 9th centuries, has not been preserved . The church fell into disrepair in the High Middle Ages. The remains were destroyed in the Markgräflerkrieg .

The collegiate church of St. Stephan was also founded by Willigis, but it was soon replaced by a Gothic building. Today it is the largest Gothic church in Mainz and has windows designed by Marc Chagall at the end of the 20th century. The parish churches St. Emmeran and St. Quintin (also the parish church of the oldest parish of Mainz / predecessor building in the 8th century) also date from the Gothic style . The Gothic St. Christoph Church, which was destroyed in the Second World War, is now the town's war memorial.

Renaissance

The new armory (front) and Deutschhaus shape the city's panorama of the Rhine. The electoral palace can be seen on the far right of the picture

The most important Renaissance building in Mainz is the Electoral Palace . Stylistically, it belongs to the so-called "German Renaissance", the latest example of which is this building. The house Zum Römischen Kaiser , which today houses the Gutenberg Museum, also dates from the Renaissance style . The market fountain , donated by Archbishop Albrecht, is one of the most magnificent Renaissance fountains in Germany. The Domus Universitatis , built from 1615 near today's Gutenbergplatz , which was the highest secular building in the city for centuries , can be seen as further evidence, of course already at the transition to the Baroque .

Baroque and Rococo

During the Baroque period, especially during the episcopate of Lothar Franz von Schönborn , the city experienced an unprecedented building boom, the results of which can still be seen in the cityscape today and in some cases even shape it. At Schillerplatz, on the Große Bleiche , in the Klarastraße and on the Rhine, there are now a number of courtyards belonging to the former Mainz nobility, starting with the construction of the Schönborner Hof (from 1668) on Schillerplatz. Some churches can still be found, although many from this period were destroyed again in the turmoil of history. Important churches are the Augustinerkirche in the old town street of the same name and the St. Peter's Church on the Große Bleiche, built in the form of the rococo . The Ignazkirche, also built at that time (from 1763) and the Erthaler Hof (from 1743), are early examples of classicism .

Fortifications

The caponier between Feldbergplatz and the banks of the Rhine
The state parliament building and former Teutonic order house, one of the many examples of Mainz baroque architecture
The almost completely rebuilt Mainz Cathedral protrudes from the houses of the city from many points of view. Here is a view from the northwest.

There are a number of relics from the fortress times of the city that come from different epochs. An exposed example of the baroque is the palace of the fortress commander, which towers over the city with the citadel . But earlier parts of the old Roman and medieval city fortifications are still there and at least their masonry is still original. The wooden tower and the iron tower rise on the Rhine, but they lost their gate function when the bank of the Rhine was filled in in the 19th century and the resulting increase in street level. The dungeon of the robber captain Schinderhannes was in the wooden tower . Later witnesses of the fortress construction as a federal fortress are the Fort Malakoff in the south of the city as well as the large provisions store in the Schillerstrasse opposite the Erthaler Hof, which was not destroyed during the war .

Since 1945

Today the city is characterized by a mixture of different building eras. In the late 1940s, the French military administration appointed the famous French town planner Marcel Lods to draw up a new city map. At that time it was very well known as Mainz, the most modern city in the world . The radical plan was never implemented, acceptance was low, but the money was also not available. It remained with an evolutionary and careful change of the old plan. In general, the local politicians of the 1960s saw the destruction of World War II as an opportunity to fix old errors in buildings and the general system (road network, other infrastructure) of the city. In the sacred area, new churches were built, the artistic furnishings of which by Peter Paul Etz is considered exemplary, which, with his students Alois Plum and Gustel Stein and their projects, is still effective throughout Germany today.

The conversion following the military detente offered the opportunity to develop the Krongarten and Gonsbachterrassen, which, in contrast to the Layenhof, also succeeded. The most important urban development project in recent times is the development of the 22 hectare site of the former customs and inland port (until 2011) into a mixed area of ​​apartments, offices, commercial and cultural facilities. In 2007, a corresponding urban development framework plan was passed, which provides building space of up to 355,000 square meters. The next larger object will be the development of the Heilig-Kreuz-Areal in Weisenau, on the former IBM site, among other things with innovative forms of construction and living in a privately organized, intergenerational structure. 3,000 new apartments, 900 of which are socially subsidized, for up to 4,500 people are to be built on the 30 hectare area. On the 8.7 hectare site of the Generalfeldzeugmeister barracks in Oberstadt, between the Catholic Clinic and Pariser Strasse, around 500 apartments are to be built from 2019. An area in the Mainz-Hechtsheim district on the eastern edge of the “Großberghöhe” residential area is to be developed as the “Hechtsheimer Höhe residential area”. One- and two-family houses with around 400 apartments are to be built there on an area of ​​around 17 hectares.

Attractions

Major sights of the city
Churches Secular buildings Places and miscellaneous

Fountains, busts and monuments

Art in public space

Mainz has a number of important modern works of art in public spaces .

See also

Economy and Infrastructure

Due to the favorable infrastructure, various branches of industry have settled between the old customs port (center) near the Neustadt and the industrial port in Mainz-Mombach

General information

The economy and infrastructure in Mainz are shaped by the fact that it belongs to the Frankfurt / Rhine-Main metropolitan area . In rankings that are based on the economic performance of the cities, the city has been at the top of the list since the 2000s. In a study by Wirtschaftswoche in 2005 , Mainz was ranked fourth in a comparison of 50 German cities, and fifth in the 2006 repetition. Economic and structural indicators such as productivity, gross income and investments were examined within the study. In the 2010 city ​​ranking by insm and wiwo.de , Mainz ranks 48th out of 100 cities assessed, behind Speyer (31), Neustadt / Weinstrasse (35) and Frankenthal (46), but ahead of Worms (62) and Ludwigshafen (68). With a purchasing power of 25,035 euros per inhabitant (2018), the city is 7.3 percent above the national average. The income tax revenue in Mainz in 2016 was 89 million euros, the trade tax revenue was 112.8 million euros. In terms of business registrations in relation to business cancellations, Mainz took third place in the study published on June 30, 2006. In 2016, Mainz achieved a gross domestic product (GDP) of € 11.577 billion within the city limits, making it 33rd in the ranking of German cities by economic output and second in Rhineland-Palatinate. In the same year, GDP per capita was € 54,696 (Rhineland-Palatinate: € 34,118, Germany € 38,180) and thus above the regional and national average. The GDP per labor force is € 74,345, which is quite high. In 2017, around 155,700 people were employed in the city. The unemployment rate in December 2018 was 5.2% and thus above the average for Rhineland-Palatinate of 4.1% (in the neighboring district of Mainz-Bingen it was 3.2%).

In the future atlas 2019 , the independent city of Mainz was ranked 45th out of 401 districts and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the places with "high future opportunities".

Debt of the city of Mainz

Within 23 years the debt of the city of Mainz rose from 25 million euros (1994) to over 1,180 million euros (2017). The city had to pay around 25 million euros in interest in 2011, and by 2014 the interest burden rose to 54 million euros. Thanks to favorable rescheduling, the interest burden in 2017 was 25.9 million euros

Transport infrastructure

Trunk road transport

Map of the Mainzer Ring
Since February 1, 2013

A motorway half-ring , on which there are two motorway bridges over the Rhine to Hesse, separates the outer (Finthen, Drais, Lerchenberg, Marienborn, Hechtsheim, Ebersheim and Laubenheim) from the inner districts and the city center. The A 60 crosses from the Nahetal triangle to the Rüsselsheimer Dreieck in a west-east direction . After Wiesbaden which branches off the A643 from. The A 63 leads south via Alzey to Kaiserslautern . Further, the lead highways 9 and 40 through the urban area.

In the 1960s, there were plans to build two city highways in Mainz. On the one hand, a north-south route was planned, which would lead from the Mainz-Mombach junction on the Schiersteiner Bridge through the Mombach industrial area past the main station , through a tunnel under the upper town and over an elevated road past Weisenau to the Mainz-Laubenheim junction on the A 60 and, on the other hand, a junction from said north-south route northwest of the main train station in order to be able to connect to the Mainz-Gonsenheim junction just two kilometers to the west on the A 643 . There are no more reliable findings today about a possible continuation of this short east-west route, possibly across the Rhine. From both plans, only small individual components were implemented, which were never used as a motorway. These include running Mombacher Strasse as an elevated road in the area of ​​the main train station (with access ramps that have been developed for use on the motorway, some of which were demolished in 1998); the approximately 1.5-kilometer-long elevated road in Mombach, which connects Mombacher Strasse in Hartenberg-Münchfeld with Rheinallee in Mombach and which has prepared downhill stumps for the east-west connection to this day, as well as a 270-meter-long, fully developed section of the motorway at the end of the Junction Mainz-Gonsenheim, which never went into operation.

In Mainz and Wiesbaden, the Europe-wide limit values ​​for air pollutants are regularly exceeded. To counteract this, an environmental zone was set up on February 1, 2013 together with the neighboring city of Wiesbaden . It is the first environmental zone in Rhineland-Palatinate, and at the same time the first cross-border environmental zone. This is intended to reduce the ecological and health burdens caused by motorized road traffic. Due to a lawsuit by the Deutsche Umwelthilfe (DUH), Mainz has to prepare for a diesel driving ban. The city of Mainz is confident that it will be able to comply with the NO 2 limit of 40 micrograms per cubic meter of air at the most polluted measuring point Parcusstraße near the main train station by the end of 2019 in order to avoid this ban.

Street signs in Mainz

The street signs have been a special feature of Mainz's cityscape since 1853 : streets with red signs run predominantly perpendicular to the Rhine (in the southern parts of the city and in the city center this is the west-east direction, in Mombach it is more south due to the west-bending river course -Nord), while streets parallel to the Rhine are provided with blue street signs. The house numbers increase in the streets with red signs in the direction of the Rhine, in the streets with blue signs with the direction of the flow of the Rhine, odd numbers on the left and even on the right. The suggestion for this was already given in 1849 by Josef Anschel with an application for a "change of house numbers", in which he also suggested the uniform sequence of house numbers. Smaller streets, especially in the districts further away from the Rhine, and streets whose course is not clear, are marked with white signs.

After the last extensive incorporation in the 1960s, the city of Mainz was faced with the problem that there were now numerous streets with the same name in the city area, which led to uncertainty and confusion, and not just when it came to mail delivery. Therefore, in the 1970s, it was decided to assign all street names only once, which led to numerous renaming, not only in the newly incorporated districts. So, for example from Holla alley the Holdergasse , from the Mainzerstraße the Alte Mainzer Strasse , from the Adlergasse the oil alley and many other renames more. In addition, care was taken at the time not to reassign street names that are located in the former districts of Mainz on the right bank of the Rhine , in order not to face the same problem again if these districts were reorganized. This explains that there is currently no Wiesbadener Strasse, Darmstädter Strasse or Frankfurter Strasse in Mainz. However, no names that appear twice in Mainz and its former districts have been renamed. For example, there are still Eleonorenstrasse , Friedrichstrasse and many more in Mainz as well as in AKK. This principle was later softened and street names occurring in AKK are used again in the Mainz city area. Examples are Marie-Juchacz-Straße in Bretzenheim and Kastel , Römerstraße in Ebersheim and Kastel and Am Mainzer Weg in Drais and Kostheim .

Long-distance passenger rail transport

Main entrance of the main train station

104 long-distance trains stop daily at Mainz main station . It is used by 60,000 people every day. Mainz is connected to the Intercity-Express , Intercity and Eurocity networks of Deutsche Bahn . Long-distance trains reach the city from the north-west via the left-bank route from Cologne via Koblenz and two trains a day via the Wiesbaden branch of the new high-speed Cologne – Frankfurt line . Long-distance trains go south via Mannheim to Basel and Interlaken and via Frankfurt Airport to Frankfurt Central Station .

Since December 2005 there has been a two-hour ICE connection from Wiesbaden via Mainz, Frankfurt Airport , Fulda , Erfurt and Leipzig to Dresden .

After a second tunnel was built between Mainz main train station and the Mainz Römisches Theater train station and the old tunnel was widened, the track systems in the western track apron of the main train station were rebuilt in order to enable the Wiesbaden branch to be threaded without crossing .

Transportation

Mainz Roman Theater train station

The backbone of local public transport are five tram lines , with a network length of 29.7 km, and 29 bus lines operated by Mainzer Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (MVG), the public transport company of Stadtwerke Mainz AG, and other transport companies such as ESWE Verkehrsgesellschaft and Omnibusverkehr Rhein-Nahe . The MVG has 41 tram line vehicles and 150 buses, whereby it forms a joint network with consecutive line numbers with its Wiesbaden cooperation partner, ESWE . Wiesbaden bus lines are limited to the area up to and including 49, Mainz bus and tram lines are numbered with numbers from 50. The Mainz-Wiesbaden transport association was founded in order to better organize the cooperation between the two transport companies. The MVG buses and trains transport up to 165,000 passengers a day.

All lines in the Mainz and Wiesbaden urban area within the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV) can be used at uniform prices, whereby the city of Mainz is connected to the RMV and forms a tariff zone with Wiesbaden. The Mainz-Bingen district is part of the Rhein-Nahe-Nahverkehrsverbund (RNN). This tariff can also be used to Mainz and Wiesbaden for connections to and from the Rhein-Nahe-Nahverkehrsverbund (RNN) area. There are transitional tariffs between the two associations, which apply to all MVG buses and trams, all ESWE Verkehrsgesellschaft and ORN buses and all local trains ( Regional-Express , Regionalbahn , S-Bahn ) from all railway companies , e.g. DB Regio , Hessische Landesbahn or trans regio , apply. In purely internal traffic in the city of Mainz or the city of Wiesbaden, for journeys between Mainz and Wiesbaden (or vice versa) and for journeys between Mainz or Wiesbaden and the rest of the RMV area , the RMV tariff applies exclusively.

The Mainz Train Station is approached daily from 311 local trains. Regional trains run to Alzey , Frankfurt, Wiesbaden, Koblenz via Bingen, Saarbrücken (along the Nahe via Bad Kreuznach ), Mannheim via Worms, Aschaffenburg (via Groß-Gerau and Darmstadt ).

The city is also connected to the Rhein-Main S-Bahn network, which, in addition to the main train station, serves the Mainz Nord and Mainz Römisches Theater stations. These stations are served by the S-Bahn line S8 from Hanau , via Offenbach, Frankfurt Hbf and Frankfurt Airport as well as Wiesbaden every 30 minutes. Other train stations in the Mainz urban area are Mainz-Mombach, Mainz-Waggonfabrik, Mainz-Gonsenheim, Mainz-Marienborn and Mainz-Laubenheim. The banks of the Rhine in the city center of Mainz can be reached quickly via the Theodor-Heuss-Brücke from the Mainz-Kastel S-Bahn and regional train station. The Mainz – Ludwigshafen line was integrated into the S-Bahn system on June 10, 2018 as part of the new S 6 line for the "small timetable change". Mainz is expected to be the end point of S-Bahn line 6 of the RheinNeckar S-Bahn from December 2021 . The trains will then run from Eppingen via Heidelberg , Ludwigshafen am Rhein and Worms to Mainz main station.

Long-distance bus transport

Since the liberalization of long-distance bus traffic in Germany in 2013 , Mainz has been served by various long-distance bus companies. The long-distance bus stops are not far from the main building of Mainz Central Station on Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring. A relocation of the stops out of the city center is under discussion, as the long-distance buses caused severe traffic obstructions.

Inland waterway transport

Cabin passenger ship in Mainz

Mainz was the end point of chain shipping on the Main from 1886 to 1936 . With the onset of the romanticism of the Rhine , Mainz also became a destination for romantic river trips on river cruise ships. The Preußisch-Rheinische Dampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft, the forerunner of the Cologne-Düsseldorf German Rhine Shipping , undertook a maiden voyage on the Rhine from Mainz to Cologne on May 1, 1827. There are still numerous landing stages on the banks of the Rhine between the castle and the winter harbor.

The old Mainz customs and inland port has an area of ​​30 hectares; it has been and is being converted into a construction area close to the center. The development plan “New City Quarter Zoll- und Binnenhafen (N 84)” has been legally binding since June 2015. With a cargo turnover of 1.3 million tons, the old port was approached by 2,200 ships annually (2003). The new container unloading point is located at Rhine kilometer 501 downstream of the Kaiserbrücke. Frankenbach Container Terminals (FCT) operates the container terminal in which the municipal utilities hold a minority stake of 25.2%. There is currently (2019) no convenient motorway connection due to the new construction of the Schiersteiner Bridge.

Air traffic

Mainz has in Finthen district on a year-round airfield at 1000 m asphalt runway ( ICAO code EDFZ), the former US Airfield Finthen.

Long-distance and local trains run several times an hour to Frankfurt Airport, 25 km away .

The Hahn Airport , which about 80 km distant from Mainz, is approached by a direct bus.

View of the former customs port, 2007

Rhine bridges

View of Mainz and Theodor-Heuss-Brücke at the blue hour

In the Mainz area, five bridges cross the Rhine: two motorway bridges ( Weisenauer Brücke A 60 and Schiersteiner Brücke A 643), two railway bridges (the Südbrücke towards Frankfurt Airport and the Kaiserbrücke towards Wiesbaden) and, as a road bridge, the Theodor Heuss Bridge (between the Mainzer Downtown and Mainz-Kastel), in the immediate vicinity of which the old Roman bridge had stood. The next Rhine bridge in the lower reaches is the Koblenzer Südbrücke and in the upper reaches the Nibelungenbrücke Worms . The Schiersteiner Bridge spanning the Rhine is followed by the 950 m long Lenneberg high street , a bridge structure made of prestressed concrete with 31 fields, which has spanned the Mombacher Oberfeld since 1964 and connects the Rhine bridge with the high terrace on the Lenneberg. Despite many years of renovation work and reduction of the maximum speed to 60 km / h with radar control, the motorway bridge had to be demolished due to wear. Since November 20, 2017, traffic has been rolling over a new half of the bridge in both directions.

Industry

In 2003 there were 74 manufacturing companies in Mainz with at least 20 employees. In total, more than 11,000 people are employed in the companies, generating a total turnover of over 2.2 billion euros. In addition, there were 79 smaller companies with fewer than 20 employees in 2002. Industrial settlements can be found mainly between the city center and the Mombach district. Larger companies based there are the traditional Mainz company Werner & Mertz ("Erdal"), Schott AG and DWK Life Sciences . In 2006, Wepa Papierfabrik took over the former Hakle plant located here from the American manufacturer Kimberly-Clark Corporation and produces hygiene papers at the Mainz site.

Schott AG (formerly Schott Glaswerke ) has had its headquarters in Mainz since the relocation of Jena after the Second World War. The main plant has been located in Mainz Neustadt since the 1950s. In 1988, the Schott research and laboratory center in Mainz-Marienborn went into operation. In 2002 another branch with a focus on ceramic was completed near the main plant in Mainz-Mombach on the site of the former Rheinwerft . 2,400 of the 15,500 Schott employees worldwide currently work at the Mainz location.

In 1965, IBM began building a storage system factory in Mainz-Hechtsheim. Later hard drives were mainly manufactured here. In 2002, the Mainz plant was closed with the sale of the hard disk business to Hitachi . At the IBM location, however, around 1700 employees continued to work in management consulting and software development, the number of which fell to 750 in 2015. The lease for the Mainz area ended in September 2016, and the relocation of the existing workplaces to the Frankfurt IBM locations in Kelsterbach and Sossenheim has been completed. The area now known as the "Heilig-Kreuz-Areal" is being marketed as a construction area.

Rheinreede of the cement works

Another high-tech company, the pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk has been based in the city since 1958. At the beginning of 2008 around 450 people worked there. In 2008, Biontech, an expansive biotech company, was established in the upper town of the GFZ barracks. The Siemens subsidiary can look back on older roots . It was created after taking over the first power station built in Mainz (built in 1898) in 1903. The Moguntia spice mill was also founded in 1903 and existed until 2001.

Magirus-Deutz bus produced in Mainz

In Mombach there was the wagon factory Gebrüder Gastell , in which later trams from Westwaggon and omnibuses from Magirus-Deutz and Iveco were built. In Weisenau, next to the motorway bridge over the Rhine, there is a HeidelbergCement quarry , which has now been closed , and production in the Weisenau cement works is supplied with ship transport. Next to it is a plant from ADM Mainz GmbH (formerly ADM Soya Mainz ) with biodiesel production.

In 1919, the Ditsch pretzel bakery was founded in Mainz and was sold to the Swiss Valora Group in September 2012 .

Wine capital Mainz / Rheinhessen

Since May 2008, Mainz and Rheinhessen have been members of the Great Wine Capitals Global Network (GWC), which was founded in 1999 - an association of well-known wine-growing cities around the world. In addition to Mainz, this network includes cities and regions such as Bilbao: Rioja , Bordeaux: Bordeaux (wine-growing region) , Florence: Tuscany , Lausanne , Mendoza: Mendoza , Christchurch: South Island of New Zealand , Porto: Douro Valley and San Francisco: Napa Valley . Every year one of these partners presents itself at the Mainz wine market with wines from the respective region and culinary specialties.

power supply

KMW complex

Mainz gets its electricity primarily from the Mainz-Wiesbaden (KMW) power plants , which operate a combined cycle power plant on the Ingelheimer Aue. From the mid-2000s, the company planned to build a new coal- fired thermal power station (KHKW) there with a gross electrical output of 820 megawatts (MW). Although the construction of the power plant was initially supported by a majority of the Mainz and Wiesbaden city parliaments, the project failed due to the acceptance among the population. After a construction stop shortly after construction began in 2009, it was officially finished in June 2012.

The Mainz-Wiesbaden power plants, together with Remondis and the city of Mainz, also operate a thermal waste incineration plant next to the combined cycle power plant. This disposal company had a waste incineration plant built between June 2001 and November 2003 , which was supplemented by a third furnace in 2008. As a further "investment in the future", a sewage sludge incineration plant has been built in Mainz-Mombach since 2017 . Since the beginning of the planning process in 2011, the operating company of the plant, Thermische Verwertung Mainz (TVM) GmbH, has been composed of the local authorities involved, whose sewage sludge is recycled centrally in Mainz, Mainz, Kaiserslautern and the Unterer Selz association from Ingelheim. In the meantime, the neighboring state capital Wiesbaden has also decided to have sewage sludge incinerated in Mainz. This project, like the waste incineration plant, aroused resistance from the Mombach population.

Mainz is represented with various technologies in the field of renewable energies. In addition to a few wind turbines around the Ebersheim and Hechtsheim districts, more and more photovoltaic systems are being built. Examples are the State Theater, the House of Representatives, the Bruchweg Stadium or the Aussiedlerhöfe near Bretzenheim. In the future, the city wants the 15th place among the cities in the Solarbundesliga is (April 2010) and No. 21 (January 2018), more than ever profile as a solar city.

The construction of a large combined heat and power plant in combination with a district heating storage facility on the KMW site should be completed by spring 2019.

A water electrolysis system was put into operation in 2015 in the so-called energy park in Mainz-Hechtsheim . As the first power-to-gas project of this magnitude in Germany, water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using "excess" electricity. It has been in commercial test operation since 2017. It draws its energy from the nearby wind turbines between Hechtsheim and Klein-Winternheim . In the energy park, the electricity from up to three 2 MW wind turbines can be converted under full load.

media

ZDF high-rise in the broadcasting center in Mainz-Lerchenberg
Headquarters of the VRM in Mainz

The city of Mainz is the seat of the Second German Television (ZDF), the Landesfunkhaus Rheinland-Pfalz des Südwestrundfunk (SWR), the broadcasting center of the television station 3sat , the private Radio Rockland Pfalz GmbH & Co.KG (since May 2008) and the Rhein- Main of the private Rheinland-Pfälzischen Rundfunk GmbH & Co KG RPR . Since October 2011, Antenne Mainz has been broadcasting as the first private city radio station for Mainz. In addition to an open channel , regional television programs also include the channel gutenberg.tv, which introduces itself as a “culture and science broadcaster for and in Rhineland-Palatinate”; it is broadcast on the cable channels of the former Mainz broadcaster K3 Kulturkanal , whose broadcast license expired in 2010. Since March 2012, gutenberg.tv has stopped broadcasting due to financial difficulties.

Other media companies are BFE Studio und Medien Systeme GmbH, which produces complete studio equipment and equipment for broadcast vehicles, and VRM , which reaches half a million readers in Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse with 21 daily printed products.

The Allgemeine Zeitung Mainz appears as the daily newspaper . At the end of 2013 the branch of the Koblenzer Rhein-Zeitung , the Mainzer Rhein-Zeitung , was discontinued because the publisher Walterpeter Twer thought the edition was no longer profitable enough. Further print media are the Mainz quarterly books for culture, politics, economics and history as well as various city magazines such as B. the STUZ , the Sensor or Der Mainzer .

Until the end of 2010, Mainz was the seat of the traditional Philipp von Zabern publishing house . Founded in Mainz in 1802, Zabern-Verlag is an international leader in the fields of archeology, history and art history and has been based in Darmstadt since 2011.

Mainz is also the seat of the music publisher Schott Music .

Since 2001, the FILMZ  - Festival of German Cinema, the first feature film festival in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate has been held in Mainz .

The media companies are among the largest employers in the city. In 2019, ZDF alone employed around 3,500 permanent employees and various , the Rhein-Main publishing group 1,200 (2005).

Other service companies

Numerous hotels are located in Mainz as a tourist and congress city. In the transport sector, the city was the seat of the forwarding company GL Kayser , which was founded in 1787. The former family company merged into the Kuehne + Nagel company , whose Mainz branch is located in Mainz-Hechtsheim. The JF Hillebrand Group is also located in Mainz-Hechtsheim . The logistics specialist with 48 subsidiaries is the world market leader in the transport of wine and spirits.

As a wine city, Mainz has important self-help institutions for the wine industry and wine also plays a major role in the city as an economic factor and tourist attraction.

The Mainzer Volksbank is the largest in Rhineland-Palatinate Volksbank. The professional association for wood and metal has its main administration in Mainz-Weisenau. The leather industry trade association also has its head office in Mainz. In addition, the administrative trade association has a district administration in the Gonsenheim industrial park Kisselberg .

In addition to the administrative trade association Coface Deutschland and Aareon AG, they are based in the Kisselberg industrial park .

Organizations

New fire station 2 of the Mainz fire department and the Mainz-Stadt volunteer fire department in Mainz-Neustadt on Rheinallee

Education and Research

Domus Universitatis

Mainz was already a city of education in the early days. The first center was the St. Alban Abbey near Mainz , whose fame as a monastery school goes back to the Alcuin student and Archbishop of Mainz Rabanus Maurus († 856). In 1477 Mainz became a university town. After being abolished at the end of the 18th century, the new Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz resumed teaching on May 15, 1946. The Medical Faculty of the Johannes Gutenberg University is the only possibility of studying medicine in Rhineland-Palatinate. The University Hospital Mainz is at her disposal, which is also the only facility of its kind in Rhineland-Palatinate. The integration of the University of Music , the Academy of Fine Arts and Sports into the university is unique in the federal German university landscape . The Johannes Gutenberg University is one of the largest employers in the city with almost 11,000 employees, 7700 of them in university medicine alone.

The Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (Otto Hahn Institute) and the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research are in cooperation with the university . The city of Mainz is also a "corporate sponsoring member" of the Max Planck Society .

In 1971 the Mainz University of Applied Sciences was founded as part of the Rhineland-Palatinate University of Applied Sciences, which is spread over several locations. Previous institutions of the Mainz University of Applied Sciences included educational institutions for civil engineers, artisans and artists. In 1996 it was re-established as an independent university of applied sciences with three departments (architecture, civil engineering, geoinformatics and surveying; design; economics).

One year later, the Catholic University (KH Mainz) for social work, social education and practical theology was founded. It is supported by the dioceses of Mainz , Limburg , Fulda , Speyer , Trier and Cologne .

The Peter Cornelius Conservatory offers music studies (orchestral subject, artistic maturity, diploma, also in cooperation with the university's college of music) as well as an extensive music school department. In Mainz there is also the Academy of Sciences and Literature , which was founded here in 1949, the Leibniz Institute for European History (member of the AHF ) , supported by the state of Rhineland-Palatinate and the federal government, and the Mainz Adult Education Center , which also operates an observatory .

The education center of the Diocese of Mainz was founded on May 1st, 1963. It promotes "... church adult education in the diocese from the parish to the diocese level ..." . The educational work is u. a. Member of the Catholic Adult Education Hessen - State Working Group .

With the theme “Time Travel”, Mainz was one of the ten German cities for the meeting point of science in the 2009 Science Year. In 2011, Mainz was the “ City of Science ”.

Medical supplies

St. Vincenz and Elisabeth Hospital, part of the Mainz Catholic Clinic

Medical care in Mainz is provided by a total of six hospitals with various administrative bodies as well as 713 resident doctors and 62 pharmacies. (As of June 30, 2014). The Johannes Gutenberg University Clinic as a public corporation is the largest medical care facility in Mainz. It is divided into 60 different specialist clinics, institutes and departments. With 1500 beds, around 325,000 people are treated per year, of which around 65,000 are outpatients. In addition, the clinic is used for the university education of around 3,300 medical science students.

In 2017, the Mainz Catholic Clinic combined the St. Hildegardis Hospital and the St. Vincenz and Elisabeth Hospital at the “An der Goldgrube” location. Since 1990 the Caritas-Werk St. Martin, which emerged from the Caritas Association for the Diocese of Mainz , has acted as the sponsor . The facility has special specialist centers for breast, intestinal, lung and thyroid diseases as well as 19 other specialist departments. Equipped with a total of 717 beds, around 45,000 outpatients and inpatients are treated each year. The "kkm 2025" program was set up for the kkm in the Upper Town of Mainz, which means an increase from approx. 4,500 to more than 50,000 patients annually.

The DRK Pain Center Mainz is part of the DRK carrier company Southwest and is a special clinic for the clarification and treatment of acute and chronic pain . With 80 inpatient beds, 24 semi-inpatient places and an outpatient clinic with 5,000 patients per year, it is one of the largest pain clinics in Europe. The FONTANA-Klinik GmbH for plastic surgery in Mainz-Finthen and the Römerwallklinik GmbH as a clinic for ENT diseases are both privately owned.

In addition to the above-mentioned facilities, there is the national child neurological center in Mainz , an outpatient treatment center for social pediatrics with a special outpatient clinic for spina bifida and hydrocephalus . It is sponsored by the Rhineland-Palatinate State Hospital .

armed forces

The Osteiner Hof , former seat of the commander of the military area command II and the officers' mess
Solemn pledge before the state parliament, 2008

Mainz has been the location of the Bundeswehr since 1956 . There are currently two properties in the city that employ around 400 soldiers and civilian workers.

The largest location is the Kurmainz-Kaserne (KMK) in Hechtsheim, followed by the Generalfeldzeugmeister-Kaserne (GFZ) in the upper town. Numerous offices are housed in the barracks , including the 8th / Feldjägerregiment 2 , the career center of the Bundeswehr Mainz, the state command of Rhineland-Palatinate and a medical unit . Mainz is also the location of a sports promotion group and a branch office of MAD Unit 4.

In the former " New Provision Office " on Rheinallee, also known as the "Military Bread Bakery", was the Bundeswehr Service Center in Mainz until it was closed . The Mainz District Armed Forces Replacement Office was also located in Kapellenstrasse in Gonsenheim until 2006.

The most prominent location in Mainz was the Osteiner Hof , from whose balcony the carnival is proclaimed every year. In the historical building on Schillerplatz there was the official seat of the commander of the military area command II as well as the officers' mess . The Osteiner Hof also served as the Bundeswehr headquarters until March 31, 2014 . The Osteiner Hof, Rheinallee and Kapellenstrasse locations have meanwhile been given up by the Bundeswehr and sold to private investors.

For reasons of cost and efficiency, there are plans to further restructure the Mainz location. All units from the Generalfeldzeugmeister barracks are to move to the expanded and modernized Kurmainz barracks in the future.

The attachment of the city to the armed forces should also be shown by a public solemn pledge on May 27, 2008. Although no basic training is carried out in Mainz itself , 130 recruits from Feldjäger Battalion 251 made their vows on the 176th anniversary of the Hambach Festival in front of the Deutschhaus , the seat of the Rhineland-Palatinate state parliament . A public vow took place in Mainz as early as 2000.

In Mainz there are also four reservist comradeships (RK), the RK Mainz , the RK Kurmainz , RK Fürst Blücher and RK Finthen with a total of around 400 members. Mainz is also the seat of the regional office RLP + district office Mainz of the Association of Reservists of the German Armed Forces e. V. The reservist comradeships are affiliated to the Rheinhessen district group.

Culture

As a city in the Greater Region , Mainz took part in the 2007 European Capital of Culture program.

Movie

Mainz princess cinema
Cine Star Mainz

With the FILMZ - Festival of German Cinema , the first feature film festival was founded in Rhineland-Palatinate in 2001. The festival gives an overview of the current German-language productions and the range of young film development. At the beginning of December each year, FILMZ awards prizes for feature-length and short films. The directors, actors and other team members of the films are present as guests. In addition to the Max Ophüls Preis film festival in Saarbrücken , the Hofer Filmtage and the Festival of German Films in Ludwigshafen , the Mainz FILMZ is one of the most important festivals that follows the current development of young German film.

theatre

State Theater Mainz after the renovation

In Mainz there are several stages on which theater performances and concerts take place. The largest and most defining theater in the city is the State Theater on Gutenbergplatz . The State Theater is divided into the Big House (see picture), the Little House, the Glass House and the U17 studio stage.

The " Frankfurter Hof ", which not only functions as a theater, has existed since 1800 and can look back on an eventful history. Originally it was an inn with a ballroom. From 1842 the first carnival sessions of the upcoming carnival took place here. During the revolution of 1848, the city's Democrats met here and prepared for the elections to the National Assembly. After that, the court was the scene of church events several times, such as B. the Catholic Days of 1851 and 1871. In 1944 a cinema was set up in the halls. In 1972 the city bought the now largely unused and derelict building. After an initiative to save the farm, it was renovated in 1991 as a “cultural center” and given its current purpose.

In addition to these larger houses, there are several smaller houses such as the " Mainzer Kammerspiele ", the Mainz forum theater " Unterhaus " (with the "Unterhaus im Unterhaus") or the theater in the loft of the Tournée Theater "Teatro d'Arte Scarello" and the show stage founded in 2005 Mainz. They also host cabaret, comedy and boulevard theater. Young and unknown artists are also offered a stage here. To complement the whole thing, there is the Mund-ART-Theater “Meenzer Rhoiadel”, founded in 2000 by Eleonore Gierlichs and Hartmut Schottler, within which the sometimes originally coarse Mainz dialect celebrates its happy origins. In addition, the free youth theater Junge Bühne Mainz , located in the M8-Bühne (in the Haus der Jugend Mainz), offers a varied program for children, teenagers, young adults and those of all ages interested in theater.

orchestra

  • The Mainz Philharmonic State Orchestra , founded in 1876, has its permanent seat in the theater building. The main task of the orchestra is to provide musical accompaniment to musical theater pieces such as operas and operettas in the theater. In addition, the performance of symphony concerts is another important area.
  • UniOrchester of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
  • Mainz Chamber Orchestra
  • Wind Ensemble Mainz - The ensemble was founded in 1967 by Klaus Rainer Schöll and is dedicated to music from Gabrieli to modern times.
  • Accordion Orchestra Mainz
  • Symphonic wind orchestra of the Peter Cornelius Conservatory, founded in 1991 by Gerhard Fischer-Münster
  • Wind ensemble of the Peter Cornelius Conservatory, founded in 1981 by Gerhard Fischer-Münster
  • Sinfonietta Mainz
  • Rheinische Orchesterakademie Mainz e. V. (ROAM)
  • State Police Orchestra Rhineland-Palatinate

Choirs

  • The Mainz Cathedral Choir goes back to the establishment of Bishop Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler in 1866. It is made up of boys and men and has over 160 members. The main task of the choir is to accompany the collegiate and pontifical offices in Mainz Cathedral.
  • UniChor of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
  • The Domkantorei St. Martin is a mixed choir founded in 1987. In addition to accompanying the cathedral services, he also performs at regular concerts.
  • The girls' choir at the cathedral and St. Quintin, Mainz was founded in 1994. The main task of the choir is the musical organization of the services in the High Cathedral in Mainz and in the parish church of St. Quintin.
  • Bach choir Mainz
  • The Mainz Figural Choir was founded in 1979 by Stefan Weiler and directed until its dissolution in 2014. He performed sacred and secular a cappella works of all style epochs as well as oratorio compositions. A special emphasis was placed on the works of Johann Sebastian Bach and contemporary composers.
  • Johanniskantorei Mainz
  • The Ensemble Chordial was founded in 2008 by Mainz students and rehearses in the Protestant student community. The choir's repertoire ranges from works of the baroque to romantic and impressionistic pieces to modern times.
  • Mainz Singing Academy
  • Colors of Gospel are a gospel choir founded in 1998 and led by Collins Nyandeje
  • The Uferlos was founded in 1997 as a mixed lesbian and gay choir .
  • The Ensemble Vocale Mainz was founded in 1984 by Wolfgang Sieber as a small vocal ensemble and has developed into a chamber choir within a short period of time that is mainly dedicated to a cappella literature and cooperates with the parish church of St Bonifaz.
  • convivium musicum mainz (Young Choir at the Musicological Institute of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz)
  • Capella Moguntina is a young ensemble for church music founded in 2006 at St. Quintin. The choir currently consists of 20 members who have made it their business to study and perform sacred vocal music of the Renaissance and Baroque periods. The repertoire is embedded in the liturgy at the parish church of St. Quintin as well as in various concerts and includes works up to modern times.
  • The St. Alban children's and youth choir, which was founded in 1971 by its choir director Heinz Lamby, has around 60 members today.
  • The choir department of the Peter Cornelius Conservatory, founded in 1988, comprises a children's and a youth choir as well as the Peter Cornelius Choir.

Museums

Landesmuseum Mainz in the Golden Ross barracks

The museum landscape of Mainz is characterized by historical museums. The Roman-Germanic Central Museum (RGZM), which was founded in 1852, is housed in the Electoral Palace . In addition to collections on prehistory, Roman history and the early Middle Ages, the museum has extensive restoration workshops. These are among the world's largest facilities of this type and enjoy an international reputation. They are often used with the conservation and restoration of archaeological finds of global importance, such as B. the glacier man from South Tyrol or the gold treasure from Sipán (grave goods of a pre-Inca prince from Peru). The Archaeological Center Mainz is currently being built at the southern end of the old town of Mainz and in the direct vicinity of the Museum of Ancient Shipping . The new headquarters of the RGZM and the Leibniz Research Institute for Archeology will be located there in the future. In a second stage of expansion, the prehistoric and Roman collections (these, however, without the stone monuments) of the state museum are to be shown.

The Landesmuseum Mainz offers a broader collection from the Stone Age to the modern age . The Landesmuseum Mainz was founded in 1803 and is therefore one of the oldest museums in Germany. It is located in the center of Mainz in the Große Bleiche in the former electoral stables , the “Golden-Ross-Kaserne” and houses the most important art collection in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. A large number of exhibits are exhibited from the time of the Roman Mogontiacum . Particularly impressive are the partly monumental stone monuments in the so-called stone hall , including the original finds of the Great Mainz Jupiter Column and the Dativius Victor Arch . Also important are the "Mainz Roman head", the high-quality portrait of a member of the Julisch-Claudian imperial family and the bronze head of a woman, possibly the head of the Celtic goddess Rosmerta . The museum's extensive collection of paintings goes back to a donation of 36 paintings by Napoleon, which was also the reason for the foundation of the museum.

Another deep insight into the history of Roman Mainz is provided by the Museum of Ancient Shipping , in which the Roman ships are exhibited, which were found during the construction work for a hotel complex on the banks of the Rhine in 1980/81, as well as the sanctuary of Isis and Mater Magna , which is also was discovered during construction work and can be viewed in the basement of today's Römerpassage. The finds made in the sacred area have been shown there together with the structural remains since 2003 in a multimedia exhibition based on the most modern museum educational aspects.

Main exhibition building of the Gutenberg Museum in Mainz (design by Rainer Schell , completed in 1962)

In the worldwide unique museum for printing art, the Gutenberg Museum , you can get an insight into the printing technology invented by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz. The museum also has two of the 49 preserved Gutenberg Bibles. Extensive exhibits on the history of printing technology, typography and mechanical printing complement the museum's collections.

The Episcopal Cathedral and Diocesan Museum in the cloister of Mainz Cathedral provides information about the history of the Romanesque episcopal church and the diocese of Mainz. The Mainz Carnival Museum is dedicated to the foolish history of the city . There is also the City History Museum on the grounds of the Mainz Citadel for a general overview . The Natural History Museum is the largest of its kind in Rhineland-Palatinate. The focus of the museum's work is on the bio and geosciences. The Mainz Garrison Museum is stylishly housed on the citadel in three casemates between the commanders' building and the Germanicus bastion and shows the more than 2000-year history of the fortress city of Mainz. Contemporary art is on display at the Mainz Art Gallery in the Mainz customs port.

Libraries

As the birthplace of the art of printing, Mainz can look back on a long tradition of libraries and book collections. It all started with the Bibliotheca Universitatis Moguntinae of the Electoral University, founded in 1477, i.e. in the late Middle Ages . This made 1805 the basis for the on direct orders of French Interior Minister Champagny founded in Mainz city library . Other old books in the now municipal library that have survived to this day result from the book collections of the monasteries that were dissolved at the end of the 18th century, such as B. Kartause , Reichklara and Altmünster as well as the branch of the order in Mainz which was dissolved in 1773 after the abolition of the Jesuit order.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Mainz City Library found its permanent home in a newly constructed Art Nouveau building on the Mainz Rheinallee in the immediate vicinity of the Electoral Palace. The Mainz City Library is now divided into the Scientific City Library and the Public Library with a wide range aimed at all Mainz citizens. At the beginning of the 1980s, it found its permanent place as the “ Anna Seghers Public Library ” in one of the two high-rise towers on Bonifaziusplatz near Mainz Central Station. Parts of the public library are outsourced in the form of five district libraries.

The construction of today's Mainz University Library began in 1946 when the University of Mainz was reopened. At the beginning of post-war history in Mainz was the establishment of decentralized libraries. Only then was the university / central library founded, which moved into its own new building in 1964. Its holdings mainly include works from the last hundred years. The last decade was characterized by the development of interdisciplinary departmental libraries as components of the university library and the provision of a wide range of electronic services.

The Martinus library in the Arnsburger Hof in the old town of Mainz is the scientific diocesan library of the diocese of Mainz. It is stocked with around 300,000 volumes and 200 periodicals. There are also 900 incunabula and 120 manuscripts dating back to the 9th century. It is one of the largest public special libraries for philosophy and theology.

literature

Due to the special connection between the city of Mainz and the work of Gutenberg, the city devotes itself intensively to literature and the associated printing art in the cultural field. The Mainzer Midsummer Night (third weekend in June), established after the Second World War , is dedicated to the cultural program area with numerous activities of literature and the memory of Gutenberg.

The Mainz city writer is a literary prize donated in 1984 by the television stations ZDF and 3sat as well as the city of Mainz. Well-known authors are appointed as Mainz city clerk for one year, residing in the city clerk's domicile of the Gutenberg Museum in Mainz. Among the town clerks in Mainz are well-known authors such as B. Sarah Kirsch (1988), Horst Bienek (1989), Peter Härtling (1995), Hanns-Josef Ortheil (2000), Urs Widmer (2003) or Monika Maron (2009).

In addition, the City of Mainz awards the City of Mainz's Literature Prize . This prize is awarded every two years. Prize winners are young Mainz authors. The organization is the responsibility of the Mainz Literature Office.

The Mainz Minipressen-Messe (MMPM) is the largest book fair for small publishers and artistic hand presses in Europe. It has taken place every two years in Mainz since 1970, in large tents on the banks of the Rhine in Mainz until 2011, and in the Rheingoldhalle in Mainz since 2013. As part of this fair, the city of Mainz has been awarding the VO Stomps Prize for "outstanding small-scale publishing services" since 1979 in honor of Victor Otto Stomps .

In November, the year of literature in Mainz comes to an end with the Mainz book fair in the town hall. This book fair has been organized in its current form since 2001 by the Mainz publishing group, who present their works there. The book fair has a different theme every year, which is presented to the interested public in the form of lectures, readings, workshops, etc.

Clubs and discos

The clubs are particularly popular with the city's numerous students. On Wednesdays, entry to the clubs is free or cheaper in many places.

Regular events

Rose Monday Parade - Train Marshal's Car

Culinary specialties

Mainz is closely related to both because of the history as well as the geographic location winegrowing connected. In the city of Mainz there are various vineyards from which award-winning Mainz wine is made. The wine is often still served in the Mainzer Stange as a "bottle". If you just want to try the wine, you can drink from a Piffche . Some of the traditional dishes that have long been evident in the Mainz area also originate from wine culture: Spundekäs , Handkäs with music and Mainz cheese are dishes that are served with wine in wine taverns. The combination of jacket potatoes ( source men in dialect ), butter , liver sausage and salt has survived as a former Mainz dish for poor sections of the population. Also kidney skewers or kidney stew can be found in the Mainz kitchen. Weck, Worscht and Woi are also typical Mainz dishes in this combination . The proximity to Rheinhessen ensures that the culinary specialties of the surrounding area are also eaten and that there is no real demarcation. Due to the long tradition of the Mainz Jewish community, specialties from Ashkenazi Jews (miminhagei jehudei ashkenas) have also been preserved, which were first described by Jakob ben Moses HaLevi Molin . This includes, for example, the green sauce .

The Kupferberg sparkling wine cellar is one of the most famous sparkling wine producers . But beer was also brewed in Mainz in the past. Up until the beginning of the 20th century there were numerous inns and large breweries. One of the most famous breweries was the no longer existing Mainzer Aktien Bierbrauerei . Today, there are next to brewpubs the two breweries KuehnKunzRosen and Eulchen brewery, producing beer for the local and regional market.

Caraway stick

The Dom-Café was opened in 1792 as the first coffee house in Mainz and one of the oldest in Germany today. In the spring of 1792, Franz-Anton Aliski received the concession from the Mainz Cathedral Chapter to set up a coffeehouse with handcrafted cakes, cakes, pralines, petits fours , ice cream and pâtisserie in Viennese style in one of the cathedral houses that had just been created by Franz Neumann on the market portal of the cathedral . Mainz at that time was a center of the counter-revolutionaries and hosted many homeless nobles. The later Austrian garrison gladly accepted this domestic offer. Since then there has been a flourishing coffee house scene in Mainz. The popularity of pretzels and salt and caraway sticks also stems from this tradition .

The Mainzer ham was a specialty of the Mainz butchers who was very popular, especially in France. Mainz exported the delicacy to the market halls of Paris until the First World War. François Rabelais puts this specialty on an equal footing with Bayonn ham in his multi-volume humorous novel cycle around the two giants Gargantua and Pantagruel. In France, the Jambon de Mayence is still sung about in a children's song and is just being rediscovered and produced in today's Mainz as an old Mainz specialty.

Sports

Mainz has many sports facilities: Bruchweg Stadium (center) and ice rink (left)

Sporting events and competitions

  • The Gutenberg Marathon has been held in Mainz every year since 2000 .
  • From 2001 to 2010, the Chess Classic event, previously held in Frankfurt, took place in Mainz , at which the unofficial title of rapid world champion was awarded in the Rheingoldhalle .
  • The TriathlonClub EisheiligenChaos has been organizing triathlon competitions in Mainz since 2002 , since 2003 under the name of Mainz City Triathlon . Since 2004, competitions for children and pupils have also been organized.

Team sport

The Opel-Arena , home of the 1. FSV Mainz 05

Mainz has a variety of clubs in the sporting sector, especially in the city districts and suburbs, including football . The most successful football club in the city of Mainz is 1. FSV Mainz 05 . The first team has never played any lower than the third highest division since it was founded. From 2004 to 2007 she belonged to the first Bundesliga , in which she was promoted again in 2009. In 2005 she was unable to qualify for a European competition, but took part in the UEFA Cup through fair play and a lottery . In the 2010/2011 season 1. FSV Mainz 05 reached the athletic qualification for a European competition for the first time in its club's history, in which, however, it failed at the Romanian club Gaz Metan Mediaş . The team plays its home games in the Opel Arena, which was inaugurated in 2011 . The second team currently plays in the Southwest Regional Football League . In the 2004/05 and 2014/15 seasons, all 05er teams played in the highest possible division. At the end of the 2015/2016 season of the First Bundesliga, the team occupied 6th place in the table and was thus able to qualify directly for the group stage of the UEFA Europa League , currently the best sporting success of the 05er .

The first women's team of the ASC Theresianum Mainz basketball club played in the first Bundesliga one year after it was founded, now in the second Bundesliga again, while the first men's team plays in the newly formed first regional league. The lower teams play in the regional league, upper league (women) and regional and district league (men). The ASC is also one of the most successful clubs in Rhineland-Palatinate in the youth sector.

The Mainz Athletics are among the south German top teams of baseball . Since 1994 they have been represented in the play-off round for the German championship every year. In 2007 and 2016 they became German champions. In June 2011 the club moved to the new stadium in Gonsbachtal .

The TSV Schott is the largest Mainzer popular sports club, it has about 3,700 members and offers 25 different sports. The American footballers of TSV Schott, the " Mainz Golden Eagles ", became champions in the league in 2007 and played for two years in the Middle Regional League. The team is currently back in the big leagues. The women's team, which appeared for the first time in the 2009 season, won the Bundesliga 2 championship right in its debut season. At the same time, they provided six members of the current German women's national football team for the 2010 season. The youth teams of the Golden Eagles also achieved some successes, including qualifying for the German championships in indoor flag football.

The Rugby Club Mainz was founded in 1999 as an independent club. The men's team has played in the 1st Bundesliga since the start of the 2012/2013 season . Previously, the RCM was represented in the 2nd Bundesliga South. The reserve team competes in the Rhineland-Palatinate regional league. The greatest success in the club's history to date is winning the German university championship in 2009 in cooperation with Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and the premature first division relegation in the 2012/2013 season. The women's division of RC Mainz participates in the league operations in several syndicates: In the SG Rhein-Main, Bundesliga rugby is played together with Eintracht Frankfurt , the SG Mainz-Aachen competes in the 7th Regionalliga West.

The SPORT-Netz Mainz e. V., Department Lacrosse (Mainz Musketeers), has been represented in the West German Lacrosse League WDLL , now 1. Bundesliga West, since 2007 .

The 1st men's team of the hockey department of TSV Schott Mainz plays in the 2nd Bundesliga, group south.

Floorball Mainz plays in the Regionalliga West, relies heavily on youth work and can look back on a successful German Cup and second division past.

Other sports

The USC Mainz sire of various participants in the Olympic Games , including Ingrid Becker , Olympic champion with the 4 x 100 m relay in 1972, Lars Riedel , discus -Olympiasieger 1996, Marion Wagner , Niklas Kaul , Decathlon world champion in 2019, and Florence Ekpo-Umoh .

The Mainz gymnastics club from 1817 is the second oldest still existing sports club in Germany. The MTV consists of the categories of gymnastics - gymnastics , badminton , basketball , fencing , soccer , handball , bowling , modern sports karate , skiing , tennis and volleyball .

The 1st men's team of the chess department of TSV Schott Mainz plays in the 2nd Bundesliga , Group West. The first women's team was promoted to the first division in the 2006/2007 season , the second women's team was promoted to the second division.

The ASV Mainz in 1888 won the title "German team champion" in the years 1973, 1977 and 2012, in 1975 he was runner-up and 1969 Cup winner. By achieving the championship in the 2nd Ringer Bundesliga West 2006/07, the club has been back in the 1st Ringer Bundesliga since the 2007 season.

The Mainz Rowing Club (MRV) from 1878 has been represented in top international sport since 1912 and is one of the most successful German rowing clubs. The first international title could be rowed at the European Championships in Ghent in 1913 . In terms of the number of members (approx. 600), it has been one of the largest German rowing clubs for years. Since 2003 the boathouse of the MRV at Winterhafen has been the seat of a state performance center of the state rowing association Rhineland-Palatinate, as well as the Olympic base in Rhineland-Palatinate / Saarland and since 2013 the federal base for youngsters in Mainz / Frankfurt.

The SG EWR Rheinhessen-Mainz is an amalgamation of a total of six swimming clubs. The 1st men's team has been swimming in the 1st Bundesliga since the 2006/07 season, the women's team in the 2nd Bundesliga South. In addition, athletes from the starting community regularly take part in European and World Championships and the Olympic Games. Well-known athletes in Nikolai Evseev's training group are Christian Hein , Angela Maurer and Johanna Manz .

The most powerful and successful German indoor cycling clubs include the 1925 Ebersheim cycling club, the 1905 Finthen cycling club and the 1910 Hechtsheim cycling club. As a competitive sport, which owes its national and international successes to good youth work, these clubs maintain artificial cycling (single, double, quad and six-man artificial driving) and the bike ball . At the world championships in two-man cycling, Thomas Abel and Christian Hess built on the title wins from Hechtsheim cyclists since the early 1950s in 2006 and 2007; Katrin Schultheis and Sandra Sprinkmeier (RV Ebersheim) have won three world championship titles and four runner-up championships since 2004 and are the holders of the current world record. Julia and Nadja Thürmer (RV Finthen), as Junior European Champions 2007 and Vice World Champions 2009, belong to the national and international top in two-man art driving.

The dance club Rot-Weiss Casino Mainz was founded in 1949. It is one of the ten largest dance sports clubs in Germany and is the second largest dance sports club in Rhineland-Palatinate after the Rot-Weiss Kaiserslautern dance club. The club's figureheads are the Kiefer couple, reigning world champions in the Senior II standard class, and the standard formations , of which the A-team has been dancing in the first division for six years. As the only club in Germany, the club had three standard teams at the start in the 2006/2007 season.

The MGC Mainz , a mini golf club , playing in the first Bundesliga and is busy with many internationals.

The first men's team of the TriathlonClub EisheiligenChaos (TCEC) started in the regional league in 2013.

Other sports clubs

Note: Sports clubs that can be assigned to a district can be found in the respective district articles.

Name sponsorships

Airbus 340-600 of Lufthansa, the Mainz
The ICE T called Mainz (Tz 1182) in Mainz main station, in the background the Mainz Bonifazius Towers

The city of Mainz has been named after several times in history:

  • Emigrants in the 18th and 19th centuries established the cities of Mentz, New York and Mentz, Texas in the United States .
  • The SMS Mainz was a small cruiser of the German Imperial Navy, which was used in the First World War.
  • The Mainz was a paddle steamer that was built in 1928/29 for the Cologne-Düsseldorf Deutsche Rheinschifffahrt.
  • The Mainz is a touring ship that was built in 1943 and is now primarily used for federal government events, including state visits and international conferences.
  • The Mainz ham was a name used by butchers in and around Mainz for a ham made according to a certain recipe.
  • The Mainz model is a form of wage subsidy.
  • The Lufthansa has a Airbus A340-600 (registration D-AIHK) after the city named.
  • Since autumn 2006, Deutsche Bahn has named an ICE T of the 411 series (Item 1182) with approval for Switzerland after the city. Before that, there was also an ICE T since January 17, 2003, but from the 415 series (Tz 1582), which bore the city's name.
  • The high alpine Mainzer Höhenweg in the Ötztal Alps is supervised by the DAV section Mainz. The Kleine Mainzer Höhenweg is located around the city of Mainz .
  • The name of the asteroid (766) Moguntia is derived from the Latin name of the city of Mainz, Mogontiacum .

Twin cities

Sister cities in Mainz districts:

Friendly relationships:

Personalities

For people who were born in Mainz or who worked in this city, see:

literature

General writings

sorted by year of publication

  • Karl Anton Schaab : History of the city of Mainz. four volumes, Mainz 1841–1851. Of which directly to Mainz Volume 1 (1841) and Volume 2 (1844).
  • Johann Heinrich Hennes: Pictures from the history of Mainz, Verlag Franz Kirchheim Mainz 1857.
  • City book of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland. Vol. 4.3. German city book. Urban History Handbook. Subband. On behalf of the Working Group of the Historical Commissions and with the support of the German Association of Cities, the Association of German Cities and the German Association of Municipalities, ed. by Erich Keyser. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1964.
  • Quarterly issues for culture, politics, economics, history. Published by the City of Mainz. Krach, Mainz 1981ff. ISSN  0720-5945
  • Franz Dumont (ed.), Ferdinand Scherf, Friedrich Schütz: Mainz - The history of the city. Zabern, Mainz 1999 (2nd edition), ISBN 3-8053-2000-0 .
  • Wilhelm Huber: The Mainz Lexicon. Hermann Schmidt, Mainz 2002, ISBN 3-87439-600-2 .
  • Michael Matheus, Walter G. Rödel (ed.): Building blocks for the history of the city of Mainz. Mainz Colloquium 2000 (historical regional studies 55). Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-515-08176-3 .
  • Peter C. Hartmann: Small City History of Mainz. Pustet, Regensburg 2005, ISBN 978-3-7917-1970-2 .
  • Wolfgang Dobras , Frank Teske: A short history of the city of Mainz . Braun Verlag, Karlsruhe 2010, ISBN 3-7650-8555-3 .
  • Mechthild Dreyer / Jörg Rogge (Hrsg.): Mainz in the Middle Ages . von Zabern, Mainz 2009, ISBN 978-3-8053-3786-1 .

Single topics

people

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

  • Wolfgang Balzer : Mainz, personalities of the city's history. Kügler, Ingelheim 1985-1993.
    • Vol. 1: Honorary citizens of Mainz, princes of Mainz, military figures, mayors of Mainz. ISBN 3-924124-01-9 .
    • Vol. 2: Persons of religious life, persons of political life, persons of general cultural life, scientists, writers, artists, musicians. ISBN 3-924124-03-5 .
    • Vol. 3: Business people, epochal pioneers, builders, fast nights, eccentrics, originals. ISBN 3-924124-05-1 .
  • Hans Berkessel, Hedwig Brüchert, Wolfgang Dobras, Ralph Erbar , Frank Teske (eds.): Light of Exile. Evidence of Jewish life in Mainz and Bingen, Mainz 2016, ISBN 978-3-945751-69-5 .

architecture

Monument topographies
sorted by appearance

Further literature
sorted alphabetically by authors / editors

  • Hedwig Brüchert (Ed.): The Neustadt yesterday and today. Festschrift 125 years of Mainz city expansion. Special issue of the Mainz history sheets. Publications of the Society for Social History, Mainz 1997.
  • Günther Gillessen (Ed.): If stones could talk - Mainz buildings and their stories. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1991, ISBN 3-8053-1206-7 .
  • Ernst Stephan: The community center in Mainz. The German community center. Vol. 18. Wasmuth, Tübingen 1974, 1982, ISBN 3-8030-0020-3 .
  • Petra Tücks: On the urban and architectural design of the city of Mainz during Napoleonic rule. The designs by Jean Fare Eustache St. Far . In: INSITU. Zeitschrift für Architekturgeschichte 1 (2/2009), pp. 7–26.
  • Claus Wolf: The districts of Mainz. Emons, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-89705-361-6 .

other topics

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

See also

Portal: Mainz  - Overview of Wikipedia content on Mainz
Portal: Frankfurt Rhein-Main  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the topic of Frankfurt Rhein-Main
Portal: Rheinhessen  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the topic of Rheinhessen

Web links

Commons : Mainz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Further content in the
sister projects of Wikipedia:

Commons-logo.svg Commons - multimedia content
Wiktfavicon en.svg Wiktionary - Dictionary entries
Wikisource-logo.svg Wikisource - Sources and full texts
Wikinews-logo.svg Wikinews - News
Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg Wikivoyage - Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. a b State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, municipalities, association communities ( help on this ).
  2. Tacitus, historiae , 4, 15 .
  3. schumstaedte.de schumstaedte.de -
  4. a b Rita Heuser: The spelling of the city name from antiquity to modern times. In: Dombauverein Mainz e. V .: standards. Forum of the Cathedral Building Association Mainz e. V. Edition 6/2004. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2004. pp. 43–45.
  5. Press release of the City of Mainz from May 15, 2008.
  6. ^ Mainz in Figures , State Capital Mainz, accessed on May 29, 2015.
  7. Spatial structure of the urban area ( Memento from February 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  8. City of Mainz: residents by district on December 31, 2019 (PDF 48.96 kB) Main residence. February 13, 2020, accessed February 23, 2020 .
  9. Areas according to information from the Office for Urban Development, Statistics and Elections. State capital Mainz. 8 May 2013.
  10. District profiles . (No longer available online.) State capital Wiesbaden, archived from the original on September 28, 2018 ; accessed on August 27, 2018 .
  11. Official municipality directory 2006 ( Memento from December 22, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) (= State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate [Hrsg.]: Statistical volumes . Volume 393 ). Bad Ems March 2006, p. 186 (PDF; 2.6 MB). Info: An up-to-date directory ( 2016 ) is available, but in the section "Territorial changes - Territorial administrative reform" it does not give any population figures.  
  12. Eike-Christian Kersten: Mainz - the divided city (dissertation), regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg a. a. 2014, p. 50.
  13. Eike-Christian Kersten: Mainz - the divided city (dissertation), regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg a. a. 2014, p. 49.
  14. German Weather Service: Mean temperature 1961–1990 ( Memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) ( ZIP ; 53 kB)
  15. Mainz historic weather averages . Intellicast. June 2011. Retrieved September 21, 2009.
  16. Mainz declares a climate emergency. In: swr.de . September 25, 2019, accessed September 26, 2019 .
  17. Homepage of the Catholic parish of St. Bartholomäus in Frankfurt-Zeilsheim.
  18. Michael Kläger: Mainz on the way to the big city (1866-1914) . In: Mainz: The history of the city . Verlag von Zabern, Mainz 1998, p. 434.
  19. Michael Kläger: Mainz on the way to the big city (1866-1914) . In: Mainz: The history of the city . Verlag von Zabern, Mainz 1998, p. 452.
  20. Imperial decree to abolish the fortifications dated March 18, 1908 - City of Mainz: City extensions of the 19th and early 20th centuries in the series of cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate (Volume 2.1), State Office for Monument Preservation, ed., (Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms, 1986), p. 29.
  21. Mainz. Meteoritical Bulletin, accessed June 13, 2020 .
  22. Gisela Kirschstein: Mainz: When suddenly a meteorite struck. Frankfurter Neue Presse, accessed on June 13, 2020 .
  23. ^ The year 1945. Mainz , accessed on: May 20, 1945
  24. Eike-Christian Kersten: Mainz - the divided city (dissertation), regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg a. a. 2014, p. 49.
  25. Landesarchivverwaltung: Ordinance No. 57. The founding of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate (with illustration of the original document) ( Memento of May 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  26. a b Stifterverband named Mainz City of Science 2011 ( memento from September 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft, March 25, 2010, accessed on August 17, 2013.
  27. Official website
  28. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: 3.5 on the Richter scale in Mainz - earthquakes in Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse - a "rare value". ) In: heute.de , December 23, 2010, accessed on December 23, 2010.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.heute.de
  29. Earthquake in Mainz: "As if a truck drives through the room". In: welt.de , December 23, 2010
  30. Press release MVG - accessed on April 10, 2017
  31. MVG Mainzelbahn - accessed on April 10, 2017
  32. mainz.de ( Memento from April 20, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - residents by district on December 31, 2017 PDF file, 36 kB
  33. ^ City of Mainz welcomes 220,000. Residents. Verlagsgruppe Rhein Main , August 2, 2019, accessed on September 10, 2019 .
  34. ^ The Regional Returning Officer of Rhineland-Palatinate : The election to the 18th State Parliament of Rhineland-Palatinate in 2021 (PDF; description of the Mainz constituencies on page 9)
  35. ^ The Mainz coalition agreement is signed , Allgemeine Zeitung Mainz , February 14, 2020
  36. ^ City of Mainz, municipal elections Rhineland-Palatinate 2019, city council elections
  37. a b Preliminary official final result of the 2019 city council election
  38. runoff election of the Lord Mayor, 2012. In: mainz.de
  39. ^ Result of the OB runoff election 2019 , mainz.de
  40. ^ Department I - Lord Mayor
  41. Press release on Christopher Sitte's withdrawal , website of the state capital Mainz, November 19, 2018
  42. The Mainzer Ampel has a CDU department head
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  44. Merkurist Mainz: This is how the city's austerity program affects the citizens
  45. As of December 31, 2014
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  48. City of Mainz, municipal statistics on religious affiliation , accessed on January 21, 2020
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  52. welt.de on the history of the Jewish community in Mainz
  53. Such a lecture announcement: “Muslims in Mainz” - A danger or a challenge for Christians? by Pastor Werner Petri in Mainz on September 17, 2002, accessed under Archivlink ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). Whether he also included the Ahmadiyya Muslim community, which is represented with a prayer center in the Neustadt district of Mainz, can no longer be understood.
  54. Map page: Muslims in Rhineland-Palatinate - communities . March 27, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
  55. Historical maps as digital copies: 1 and 2
  56. Project page for the new Zollhafen city quarter
  57. AZ
  58. Hechtsheimer Höhe residential area , city planning office
  59. SculpTour Mainz . Abstract art in the public space of Mainz (Welt-der-Form)
  60. insm-wiwo city ranking 2010 - overall ranking ( memento from December 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  61. Michael Bauer Research, Nuremberg, accessed on February 2, 2019
  62. Key figures of the Mainz economy , accessed on February 2, 2019
  63. Current results - VGR dL. Retrieved January 7, 2019 .
  64. ^ Federal State of Rhineland-Palatinate. Federal Employment Agency, accessed on January 7, 2019 .
  65. Zukunftsatlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original ; accessed on March 23, 2018 .
  66. cf. Budget of the City of Mainz, Association of Taxpayers.
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  68. Stadtautobahn Mainz (2) - geschichtsspuren.de (formerly lostplaces.de). In: www.geschichtsspuren.de. Retrieved July 22, 2016 .
  69. Clean Air Plan Mainz - update 2011-2015. (PDF) Mainz City Administration, October 2012, accessed on October 24, 2018 .
  70. Now official: Mainz wants to introduce environmental zone together with Wiesbaden ( memento from June 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) in Allgemeine Zeitung from June 12, 2012.
  71. ^ Environmental zone in Wiesbaden and Mainz: "It is the cheapest measure" ( Memento from June 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) by Jens Grützner in Allgemeine Zeitung from June 11, 2012.
  72. Committee: Why not environmental zone plus truck ban in Wiesbaden? ( Memento from November 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) from Birgit Emnet in Wiesbadener Kurier from June 9, 2012 and the Environment Committee is examining a truck traffic ban and the costs of introducing an environmental zone ( Memento from November 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) from Birgit Emnet in the Wiesbadener Kurier on June 8, 2012.
  73. ^ Environmental zone Mainz-Wiesbaden. State capital Mainz, accessed on October 24, 2018 .
  74. Mainz must prepare diesel driving ban Spiegel from October 24, 2018, accessed on February 2, 2019
  75. ^ Mainz Online: Street signs
  76. 60,000 travelers and visitors daily ( memento of February 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) l
  77. The MVG - Mainzer Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH - A young company with a long tradition ( Memento from August 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  78. Jutta Blatzheim-Roegler and Pia Schellhammer : Landtag Rhineland-Palatinate - 17th electoral period - printed matter 17/3676 July 31, 2017. (PDF) State Parliament of Rhineland-Palatinate , August 2, 2017, accessed on August 14, 2017 .
  79. Good operational quality and competition come first - commissioning of the Rhein Neckar S-Bahn, lot 2 postponed by one year. Ministry of Economics, Transport, Agriculture and Viticulture Rhineland-Palatinate , December 21, 2016, accessed on August 14, 2017 .
  80. Ship landing stages (PDF; 152 kB) Mainz - arrival.
  81. Customs and inland port Mainz - a new city quarter is being built , accessed on February 2, 2019
  82. From ship to rail and road , accessed on February 2, 2019
  83. ^ Location Profil Schott Mainz
  84. Ralf Heidenreich: Computer group IBM will definitely leave Mainz in 2016 - more than 1,000 jobs affected. In: Allgemeine-zeitung.de , accessed on May 26, 2016
  85. Novo Nordisk celebrates its 50th anniversary in Germany ( Memento from January 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 46 kB)
  86. Siegfried Hofmann: Another pharmaceutical giant joins German biotech star In: Handelsblatt of January 4, 2019
  87. Stefanie Widmann, Monika Nellessen: Ditsch / Brezelkönig: Sale of the company to the Swiss Valora Group. ( Memento from September 28, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) In: Allgemeine-Zeitung.de (Rhein-Main-Presse), September 25, 2012
  88. Press release of the City of Mainz from May 19, 2008 ( Memento from February 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  89. End of the coal-fired power plant decided ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 57 kB). Website of the Mainz-Wiesbaden power plants. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  90. MHKW-MAINZ , accessed on March 28, 2018
  91. Sewage sludge incineration: construction of the new plant in Mainz-Mombach begins , accessed on March 28, 2018
  92. tvm.mainz.de
  93. Press release of the Mainz business enterprise March 22, 2018
  94. ^ Solar Bundesliga: Category Large Cities, as of April 26, 2010
  95. Strom auf der Schnell In: FAZ.net, accessed on June 7, 2017
  96. ↑ The combined heat and power plant will go into operation in spring 2019
  97. Mainz energy park. Retrieved March 28, 2018 .
  98. Mainz energy park. Animation, accessed on March 28, 2018 .
  99. Linde Group and Mainzer Stadtwerke sign contract for power-to-gas plant zugriff = 2019-02-02
  100. Gutenberg TV switched off. In: sensor-magazin.de
  101. ^ "Mainzer Rhein-Zeitung" says goodbye. In: focus.de
  102. Only cheap journalism. In: spiegel.de
  103. Unemployed after 20 years in the Mittelrhein-Verlag. In: rlp.verdi.de
  104. ZDF employees and locations (and 2016)
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  106. ^ VBG - District Administration Mainz
  107. ^ Website of Coface Germany
  108. Aareon AG website with address
  109. JGU number table 2013, as of June 2014 ( memento from September 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  110. see list of corporative sponsoring members of the Max Planck Society ( Memento from January 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
  111. ^ Educational organization of the Diocese of Mainz
  112. State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate
  113. Press release of September 14, 2017 Farewell St. Hildegardis Hospital , accessed on December 2, 2017
  114. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: 130 recruits made solemn pledges. ) In: landtag.rlp.de , accessed on August 21, 2009.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.landtag.rlp.de
  115. ^ Julian Leisenheimer: Collegium Musicum. Retrieved September 2, 2019 .
  116. ^ Julian Leisenheimer: Collegium Musicum. Retrieved September 2, 2019 .
  117. Allgemeine-zeitung.de
  118. RGZM: New building of the RGZM - accessed on April 10, 2017
  119. Darmstädter Echo, Wednesday, October 24, 2018, p. 8.
  120. Maike Hessedenz. In: Darmstädter Echo, Friday, October 25, 2019, p. 5.
  121. On the history of the Jambon de Mayence and its rediscovery
  122. rcmainz.de
  123. Volker Buch: The eighth myth founded by Mainzern / Exactly 100 years ago an MRV boat won the European Championship / First international title for the DRV. In: Allgemeine-zeitung.de , August 24, 2013, accessed on March 25, 2017; and Allgemeine Zeitung Mainz p. 33.
  124. Mentz, New York State ( Memento July 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). The city was renamed Mentz from Jefferson in 1808.
  125. Haifa. In: State capital Mainz. Retrieved December 28, 2016 .
  126. ^ City of Mainz: Development of friendship between cities with Baku
  127. ^ City of Mainz: Development of friendship between cities with Kigali
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on May 10, 2005 in this version .