Feldjägertruppe (Bundeswehr)

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Feldjäger
- FJg -

Beret badge

Beret badge of the military police
Lineup October 6, 1955
Country GermanyGermany Germany
Armed forces Bundeswehr Kreuz.svg armed forces
Armed forces Bundeswehr Kreuz.svg Force Base
Branch of service Military police
Stander Chief of a military police company in the weapon color orange

The Feldjägertruppe is the military police of the Bundeswehr and one of the branches of the armed forces (until 2002: the army ). The main task of the military police is the military police service .

history

After signing the installation instruction no. 1 for the Bundeswehr on 6 October 1955 by General Heusinger was in the former air force hospital in Andernach , among others, a military police-training company set up. On January 30, 1956, the term “military police” was replaced by “Feldjäger” by the then State Secretary Rust . The name change was carried out with the intention of keeping the number of security forces with police force (especially those under federal control) deliberately small and to separate the force from the civilian police forces. The memory of the time of National Socialism with its sprawling and sometimes competing security and police services in connection with constitutional concerns were decisive for this. The term " Feldgendarmerie ", which was used until 1945 , was also discarded because the reputation of the Feldgendarmerie was discredited by its role in the Nazi regime .

The term "Feldjäger" originally had nothing to do with military police, but initially referred to a type of hunter troop . The Bundeswehr traces the military tradition back to the Reitende Feldjägerkorps of Frederick the Great (founded in 1740).

In Army Structure II , each division of the Bundeswehr led a field hunter company . The corps troops were reinforced by a military police platoon. In the territorial army ever military district , a military police battalion deallocated.

In Army Structure III , the platoons of the corps were reclassified to cadre military battalions (only one platoon remained active). In return, the divisional field hunter companies were downsized.

In Army Structure IV , the military police were completely reclassified from the field army to the territorial army . In the final phase of the Cold War , military police battalions were therefore integrated into the military area commands (one also in the territorial command Schleswig-Holstein ) of the territorial army (see also the division of the territorial army in Army Structure IV ).

A field hunter battalion was directly subordinate to the Federal Ministry of Defense and was integrated into the Security and Supply Regiment at the Federal Ministry of Defense during peacetime (cf. also Structure of the Army in the Command Area of ​​the Army Office in Army Structure IV ).

In 2002 the army police force was handed over to the newly established armed forces base. From the army to the armed forces base, the school for military police and staff service , which was subordinate to the Army Office until 2002, also changed. In the armed forces base, the school was subordinated to the Armed Forces Office . In the armed forces base, the Feldjäger were initially divided into several Feldjäger battalions. The military police battalions were on the whole of Germany dislocated . The detached Feldjägerdienstkommandos of the Feldjäger battalions were each located in different locations . The military battalions continue to be subordinate to the military area commands (reduced in number and size) (see also the structure of the military area commands 2006 to 2013 with a list of the subordinate military police battalions ).

As part of the reorganization of the armed forces , the military police force was reorganized in 2013 and the military police command of the Bundeswehr was reorganized. The previous division into battalions was abandoned in favor of a regimental division. The Bundeswehr military police command is subordinate to three military police regiments, each with detached military police commandos. In addition, the school for military police and staff service was subordinated, so that all military police are led under one command . The reclassification took place on September 26, 2013 as part of a solemn roll call at the headquarters of the military police command of the Bundeswehr in Hanover .

assignment

The main job is the military police service . The military police service includes the military security service , the military traffic service, the performance of security tasks , surveys / investigations and the protection of spaces and objects .

Military security service

The military security service should support the superiors in monitoring, maintaining and restoring discipline and military order. The Feldjäger see themselves as the central point of contact for all soldiers who need help. This includes the following tasks: Police patrol duty, deployment at major events with military participation, controls in military properties , support of the military service courts and other judicial organs, assistance in the collection and repatriation of dispersed persons behind one's own lines and of persons taken into custody, assistance in the collection and transport of prisoners of war .

Military transport service

Feldjäger motorcycle squadron
Police officers at a traffic control

The military traffic service includes the monitoring and regulation of military road traffic and takes place in close cooperation with the police. The controls serve to ensure road safety and to avert dangers to the armed forces. The military traffic service is divided into the following tasks: Exploring and marking roads, recording traffic accidents involving the Bundeswehr, military traffic controls, military traffic regulation, accompanying and controlling military dangerous goods - or large-scale transport , planning and monitoring of military road traffic - from the level of a large association by a Staff officer of the military police in the staff service (divisional traffic leader), setting up a traffic control network including traffic control points, regulating traffic in the event of tension and defense , insofar as this is necessary for the fulfillment of the defense mission.

Performing security tasks

When performing security tasks, police officers are deployed to prevent criminal offenses against the Bundeswehr and to eliminate illegal disruptions to official activities. In addition, they can also be tasked with protecting allied forces . Feldjäger also provide personal and escort protection for endangered members of the armed forces . There are the following security tasks: Securing operations centers in the command posts of large units, personal and escort protection, escort and pilot service, securing meetings, exhibitions and demonstrations, monitoring Bundeswehr properties, helping to protect objects , protecting transports and protecting Public Armed Forces events ( e.g. solemn vows ).

Guard service

Members of the military police are, unless they are assigned to courses, exempt from guard duty, as they take on these tasks in the broader sense outside of the location area.

Surveys and Investigations

The main task of surveys and investigations includes the recording of serious accidents of all kinds (traffic accidents, aircraft accidents as well as accidents resulting in the death of soldiers), the determination and documentation of facts in the interests of the service, the participation in the clarification of official violations (at the request of disciplinary superiors by forensics and Collecting other information) as well as the search for unauthorized or unauthorized absent soldiers and deserters . For this purpose, specially trained sergeant ranks are usually held ready in the respective field hunter service commands.

Space and property protection

Two police officers with a
service dog at a public demonstration.

Military police also help protect rearward areas. Field police forces can contribute to the protection of objects and to the fight against enemy forces in special situations, for example in the event of a defense , in rear areas of the combat zone. Military police support the protection of specially classified objects, such as command posts or other command authorities, through surveillance, object checks or security. They continue to support the measures of the competent command authorities in the protection of rooms, in foreign operational areas the competent commanders . This serves to keep rooms in the national operational area in one's own hands or to control them because of their importance. In doing so, they are intended to prevent operations by the enemy or irregular forces and to protect the civilian population or the facilities and facilities located there from access or the effects of enemy forces. In the context of area and property protection, service dogs of the military police can be used to track down perpetrators and agents (e.g. explosives or weapons) in the event of a corresponding suspicion . A further task of the room and property protection is the access search by specialized access forces , which must not be confused with the access forces of the command special forces (KSK). Similar to police access, it is used to arrest criminals and the systematic search for war material or forbidden objects.

Military police on an access search exercise

Use with dissatisfied crowds

CRC grab party

The control of crowds and violent riots or Crowd and Riot Control ( CRC ) is also a task of the police force in the area and property protection. Specially trained sergeant ranks are used to prevent unpeaceful demonstrations in cooperation with likewise trained soldiers from other branches of the armed forces, including the naval and air force security forces . Since 2006, five military police companies have provided a CRC platoon, usually the 4th platoons of the respective companies. In this team soldiers with the specialization CRC are trained. The main focus of such operations is on Peace Support Operations (PSO) of the Bundeswehr, as demonstrations there are very often directed against the military facilities of the foreign troops. On the other hand, the forces are also used domestically - for example when clearing barracks access roads blocked by demonstrators. As part of the CRC, specially trained sergeant ranks are also deployed in grab and retrieval troops, which are supposed to specifically capture and arrest the identified ringleaders of the unpeaceful demonstrations.

education

The military-specific and course-related training takes place at the school for military police and staff service in Hanover . Training group A is responsible for the police force, while the other parts primarily conduct general staff training courses with a focus on personnel management.

organization

classification

The Feldjägertruppe is a branch of the armed forces . Since the concept of the type of troop was originally an organizational principle of the army and this was later continued by the armed forces base, strictly speaking only army uniforms are included in the military police force. In fact, almost without exception, military uniform carriers serve in the units of the Feldjäger troops. However, since the concept of the types of troops in the armed forces base was continued “only half-heartedly” in many respects and personnel for units of the armed forces often come from all three areas of uniform wear , soldiers of the units of the military police do not come exclusively from the area of ​​army uniform wearers. Strictly speaking, however, these are not assigned to the military class of the Feldjägertruppe, but rather to a service area of ​​the Air Force or a range of uses in the Navy .

While they were part of the army, the Feldjäger troops were counted among the operational and command support troops .

The Feldjägertruppe, as a leadership force , performs military police tasks, but is not actually a police force , such as the federal police or the state police . In peacetime military police officers have no authority to issue instructions to civilians unless they are in a military (security) area or it is absolutely necessary for the performance of their tasks (e.g. establishment of a military security area). This means that the powers of the military police are far below those of the foreign military police.

Since the Bundeswehr began to take part in multinational missions abroad ( UNOSOM , but at the latest IFOR ), it has been possible to observe - at least externally - that the military police have been brought into line with the image of a “military police”.

Order of the military police is u. a. the traffic management and traffic control of all units and branches of the armed forces on marching roads - especially in the event of a defense. Division traffic leader, a military police staff officer who march planning created his grandfather Association on the assigned march streets.

In the past, each division was subordinated to a military police battalion for the tasks of the military police, from which each subordinate brigade was assigned a military police platoon. Other inactive military police battalions were previously subordinate to the territorial army for monitoring and securing the rear and deep supply area within the framework of the GDP. The exception was the 1st Airborne Division to which only Luftlande-Feldjägerkompanie 9 was subordinate.

In the event of a defense, the Feldjägertruppe set up and operate the prisoner-of-war assembly points and, together with the security troops, guard them. When capturing, questioning and guarding prisoners of war, the Feldjägertruppe partly cooperates with the field intelligence forces of the Army Reconnaissance Force .

Troops

All units of the Feldjäger troops are bundled in the Feldjäger command of the Bundeswehr. The Bundeswehr military police command is in turn subordinate to the Bundeswehr Territorial Tasks Command , which is one of the military base's ability commands that were newly established in 2013 . The Feldjäger command leads the following units:

# designation place Association comment
Internal association badge Feldjägerregiment 1 Feldjägerregiment 1 Berlin Internal association badge command military police of the Bundeswehr Feldjäger command of the Bundeswehr Performs special tasks in the protocol service . Detached military police commandos in East Germany and North Germany .
Internal association badge Feldjägerregiment 2 Feldjägerregiment 2 Hilden Internal association badge command military police of the Bundeswehr Feldjäger command of the Bundeswehr Detached military police commandos in West and Northwest Germany as well as Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate .
Internal association badge Feldjägerregiment 3 Feldjägerregiment 3 Munich Internal association badge command military police of the Bundeswehr Feldjäger command of the Bundeswehr Detached military police commandos in southern Germany and Thuringia .
Internal association badge school for military police and staff service of the Bundeswehr School for military police and staff service of the Bundeswehr Hanover Internal association badge command military police of the Bundeswehr Feldjäger command of the Bundeswehr

Former units

equipment

weapons

Until 2011, the Walther P1 pistol was worn in connection with white gear in the protocol service . It was replaced by the HK P8 , which has become the standard service pistol of the German Armed Forces and is used with the newly introduced black stuff. Military police specializing in personal protection wear a more compact HK P30 . For general combat service, the Feldjäger has the HK G36 , the MG3 machine gun and the Panzerfaust 3 .

The HK MP7 submachine gun (previously HK MP5k ) and the HK G36k assault rifle with reflex sight and LLM01 laser light module are used for personal protection or access operations by specialized military police . For more firepower, the G36 assault rifle with the AG36 grenade launcher is also used abroad . Precision shooters use the G22 and HK G28 to secure and monitor personal protection / CRC missions, as well as the access forces when criminals are arrested. The armament of access forces also includes the Remington 870 forend repeater shotgun with shotgun barrels . With the grenade pistol HK69 rubber bullets or CS grenades are fired during CRC operations by the NLW squad .

The RSG 4 irritant sprayer and the multi-purpose rescue stick (RMS) are used as a means of physical violence in the domestic military service , while the RSG 8 is used in CRC operations.

vehicles

The military police have almost all common vehicles that are used in the Bundeswehr. In addition, there are a few VW radio buses (type T3 and T4 ) for telecommunication tasks and Mercedes-Benz Unimog for transport and support tasks. The MAN TGA truck performs transport tasks , some with a scaffolded signal system, which is gradually replacing the older trucks of various types. The Mercedes-Benz Vito , as shown below in olive / white or olive with 4 × 4 drive, the VW T5  - also in olive / white or olive with 4 × 4 drive, and the all-terrain Nissan Patrol serve as patrol vehicles in Germany . In addition to the special-purpose SSA Wolf, the ATF Dingo at ISAF in Afghanistan and the TPz Fuchs at KFOR in Kosovo are deployed abroad . The Mowag Duro 3 / Yak was procured for possible CRC missions abroad . In the escort service, the BMW K 75 motorcycles were replaced by the BMW R 1150 RT and the BMW R 1200 RT in 2004. The motorcycles are equipped with signal systems, radio and ABS. The military police are also equipped with KTM 400 LS-E Military for off-road driving. Vehicles with variable message signs are available to accompany the march . So-called CRC units of the military police can also use the Duro 3 with a special upgrade kit as a water cannon for counterinsurgency .

Uniforms

A military police in service suit to secure a Bundeswehr event

In the narrower sense, the Feldjägertruppe exclusively includes wearers of army uniforms . Therefore, apart from a few special features, military police officers wear the normal army uniform of the Bundeswehr. The biggest specialty is the black and white stuff.

Black and white stuff

Depending on the type of use, the so-called white clothing (white belt with belt over the right shoulder and white armband) is worn. The white pistol pouch for the Walther P1 pistol hangs on the left side of the coupling. The white stuff has meanwhile been replaced by the “black stuff”, whereby that of the Feldjäger troops for protocol service in public, such as the big tattoo and the escort service , is retained. The escort drivers wear white gauntlets in addition to their white clothing. On the black armband of the new black stuff, which is based on the equipment of the military police of other countries, there is a large MP lettering and above it, a little smaller, the lettering "Feldjäger". There is also the option of marking the battalion membership on the armband using a Velcro patch. The black stuff also consists of a black belt with a black pistol holster for the P8 pistol, hand- closing pouch , RMS holder and other attachment options for equipment.

Gun paint and beret

The gun color of the Feldjägertruppe is orange. Police officers wear a coral beret . The troop badge is the Prussian guard star with the Latin inscription " suum cuique " ( German : "Each his own"). It is originally the breast star of the Black Eagle Order .

literature

  • Federal Ministry of Defense (Ed.): Central service regulation of the Bundeswehr - ZDv 75/100 The military police officers of the Bundeswehr . Bonn.
  • Karlheinz Böckle: military policemen, military police officers, military policemen. Your story to this day . Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-613-01143-3 .
  • Sören Sünkler: The special units of the Bundeswehr . 2nd Edition. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-613-02592-9 .
  • Helmut Rettinghaus: The German military police . tape 2 : Order from 1952 until today. Verlag Helmut Rettinghaus, Langen 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-026373-6 .
  • Reinhard Scholzen : Feldjäger: Germany's military police today . Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-613-03152-4 .
  • Reinhard Scholzen : The military police. Germany's military police in the present . In: Police today . Vol. 40, 1 (January / February 2011), February 2011, ISSN  0723-6123 , p. 2-11 .
  • Reinhard Scholzen: Weapons of the military police . In: Troop service . No. 5/2012 , 2012, p. 427-433 .
  • Johannes Heinen: Legal basis military police service . With explanations of the UZwGBw , operational basics at home and abroad. 10th, revised edition. Walhalla-Fachverlag, Regensburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-8029-6533-3 .

Web links

Commons : Feldjäger  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Realization planning for the armed forces base. (PDF; 109 kB) BMVg Staff InspSKB VII 2 Planning Department Organization Department, June 12, 2012, p. 29 , archived from the original on October 4, 2013 ; Retrieved September 8, 2014 .
  2. Jürgen Engelhardt: Feldjägertruppe is restructured. In: Armed Forces Base website . Federal Ministry of Defense , the head of the press and information staff ; Force Base Press and Information Center , September 26, 2013, accessed September 23, 2013 .
  3. Armed forces base: Interview with a CRC soldier of the Feldjägertruppe Retrieved November 14, 2014