Forearm repeater
The forearm repeater ( English slide-action shotgun , pump-action shotgun or pump gun ; Germanized mostly written together pumpgun ) is one of the multi-loading weapons .
history
In 1854, the first patent on forearm rifles was granted to Alexander Bain . In the 1910s they were known as catalog goods with the Winchester model 1897 with the variants RF 1 and RF 2.
technology
At the pump action (More loader shotgun ) is a rifle with a smooth run . As an exception, rifled barrels are also available, but these do not have the same pulling strength as rifle barrels. The ammunition is usually supplied from a tubular magazine under the barrel. Other design variants also use a drum or bar magazine. The tube magazine can also be arranged above the barrel (e.g. Truvelo Neostead ).
To load the weapon, the shooter pulls the fore-end back, the breech is opened, the hammer cocked and any empty case ejected. The fore-end is then moved forward to load a new cartridge into the chamber and to close the breech. The advantage of a forearm repeater is that the weapon remains in the direction of fire during the repeating process and does not have to be set down. The advantage of a bolt-action shotgun when used with shotgun bullets is that it is less dangerous than rifle cartridges.
Most forend bolt action rifles have the barrel exchangeable depending on the application. For official purposes, barrels with a length between 14 "and 20" with cylinder bore are usually used, in hunting areas those with 26 "or 28" and choke .
Shotgun barrels should only be fired from cylinders with a barrel, as the bullet can damage a barrel with a choke. Soft shotgun bullets made of lead with longitudinal grooves like the “Brenneke” can be fired from smooth barrels with a choke.
In the past, shotgun barrels that were optimized for shotgun barrel projectiles were used, the cylinder bore of which merges into a slightly narrowed section at the muzzle - the so-called Paradox-Choke , also known as Paradox barrel. These are drawn in the last 10 cm of the barrel and were used for hunting large game from around 1880. The bullet reaches a higher initial speed in the polished part of the barrel and, thanks to the pulls at the end of the barrel, has a higher precision than with a pull-free bore.
Today, barrels for forearm rifle shotguns with pulls over the entire length are offered especially for shotgun barrel projectiles for retrofitting. But shot cartridges can also be fired from these.
The soft plastic cup, in which rifle bullets are usually stored today (see also rifle ammunition ), prevents the rifle bullets from rotating due to the properties of the plastic. However, due to the permanent and gas-tight guidance of the projectile, these are more directionally stable and therefore have a greater range and better precision.
With shot, a plastic cup can lead to a concentration of pellets in the edge area (donut pattern).
To cover the bolt case (receiver) that is open on some bolt action shotguns, there are dust caps that protect the bolt from dust and sand and can be removed for loading.
use
Due to their wide range of uses with different types of ammunition and because they are robust and reliable, forearm repeater shotguns are often used in civilian applications for sport shooting (e.g. IPSC shotgun shooting and occasionally also for target shooting ), for self-defense and for hunting . Last but not least, they are cheaper to buy than many other long guns .
A bolt-action rifle is standard equipment in patrol cars for police forces in the United States and other countries . Special forces armed with bolt action rifles can also use types of ammunition with non-lethal effects in order to reduce the hazard potential. Non-lethal ammunition, such as rubber bullets and rubber shot, can be used against individuals to combat rioting, but are potentially fatal if improperly used.
The Parks Canada Ranger of the Canadian Wildlife Service and the United States Forest Service use 12/76 caliber bolt action rifles as self-defense weapons with hollow-point copper shotguns against bears . The projectiles, depending on the type of ammunition with a weight of 32 g to 39 g, have a high man-stopping effect compared to rifles with a low danger zone at the same time . Due to the hunting regulations in the US there are also black bears approved 00- and 000-ammunition as buckshot , the latter with 9 mm shot.
In the military sector , forearm rifles like those used by the police etc. a. for opening barricaded doors or other barricades application. However, according to the Hague Land Warfare Regulations, soldiers are prohibited from using lead bullets against people. There are steel bullets for this which do not deform. In addition, this weapon can be used to fire light and signal cartridges, as well as flash-pop cartridges as irritants when accessed.
In the Bundeswehr Repetierflinten the Italian manufacturer SDASS made by Heckler & Koch has been revised, with the military police , naval protection forces and special forces command used. According to a legal opinion, they may only be used against material goals, as no steel floors are issued.
For types of ammunition, see shotgun barrel projectiles .
Law
Germany
A “green” gun ownership card is required to own a forearm repeater in Germany . The shotgun must have a minimum total length of 95 cm and a barrel length of 45 cm in order not to be a prohibited object in terms of the Weapons Act.
Since the amendment to the Weapons Act on October 11, 2002, forearm repeater shotguns have been used in which the buttstock has been replaced by a pistol grip or the total length of the weapon in the shortest possible form of use is less than 95 cm (e.g. by installing a folding stock) or the barrel length is less than 45 cm , prohibited items as defined by the Weapons Act (source: Weapons Act (WaffG) Annex 2 (to Section 2, Paragraphs 2 to 4) Weapons list: item 1.2.1.2 ). The ban goes back to the Erfurt rampage in 2002, where the perpetrator carried a forearm repeater shotgun, which was not modified in this way, but which was not used. Private individuals require a special permit from the Federal Criminal Police Office to legally possess such a modified weapon. However, this has not yet been granted.
Austria
In Austria, the civil trade in these weapons is prohibited, possession must be reported on a weapon possession card or weapon pass or only possible with a special permit from the Federal Ministry of the Interior , after the weapon has been classified under Cat. A (war material and prohibited weapons) since January 1, 1995. has been classified.
Switzerland
The Federal Law on Weapons of June 20, 1997 (as of December 12, 2008) applies to purchases from dealers and private individuals : Art. 8 Para. 2 bis: Anyone who wants to purchase a weapon or an essential weapon component requires a weapons acquisition license. According to Art. 10 Para. 4, an inherited weapon must be reported to the competent authority within 6 months. There is no further regulation, explicitly with regard to the fore-end repeater.
literature
- Henning Hoffmann: The shotgun - weapon, tool, sports equipment , DWJ Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-936632-51-0
- Leroy Thompson: Einsatzgunten , Motor Buch Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-613-02381-9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alpha catalog: Winchester 1897 (variants RF 1, RF 2, RF 2a, details and sales price in Reichsmark (1911)), page 302, archive.org .
- ↑ Magnum handguns and long guns (= Visor Special . No. 47 ). Vogt-Schild, 2007, p. 39 .
- ↑ Use of shotgun shells in rifled shotgun barrels (Youtube video)
- ↑ [1] http://www.jusline.at/17._Verbotene_Waffen_WaffG.html
