International Practical Shooting Confederation

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International Practical Shooting Confederation logo
International Practical Shooting Confederation logo

The International Practical Shooting Confederation (IPSC; German: “International Association for Applied Shooting Sports”) is a shooting club based in Amsterdam and sponsor of the shooting sports discipline of the same name . In Germany, the IPSC shooting discipline is practiced in the Association of German Sport Shooters; the BDS is a member of the international umbrella organization IPSC.

In addition to shooting precision, the scoring also includes the movement of the shooters and the time required to complete a set course. It is therefore referred to as dynamic shooting sport, in contrast to static shooting sport, in which the shooter only stands at a fixed place and no time is taken, but at most a time limit exists.

history

The International Practical Shooting Confederation was established in May 1976 at the International Pistol Conference in Columbia ( Missouri founded). The US soldier Jeff Cooper contributed significantly to the establishment of the discipline and became the first IPSC President. Precision, power and speed were required as maxims of practical shooting at that time. From this the motto DVC ( Latin Diligentia, Vis, Celeritas ) was formed.

There should be umbrella organizations for IPSC shooting in 92 countries, these should organize more than 800,000 IPSC shooters. More than 350 international competitions are held annually, with the number of participants up to over 1,000 people.

In 2015, 175 international IPSC shooting competitions were held in Europe. In Austria, Switzerland, France, Spain, Greece, Portugal and Poland, IPSC is operated by shooting associations that are also represented on the respective national Olympic committees. In 27 of 28 countries in the European Union, national shooting sports associations are members of the IPSC world association.

In Germany, the Association of German Sport Shooting 1975 e. V. (BDS) Carrier of the IPSC regulations that have been adapted and approved according to national (weapons) law. With the IPSC, shooting situations should be simulated as "realistically" as possible. It is questionable whether this is a sport like other sports. The Federal Fiscal noted in 2018, the "Practical Shooting" serve the common good . He decided that IPSC shooting is a sport within the meaning of the tax code as well as motorsport, table football and chess. There were "no war-like situations simulated" and there was also "no resemblance to a house-to-house fight or combat-like shooting", assessed the BFH.

Classes

The following classes ( divisions ) are distinguished within this sport :

Open

In the Open class, almost all modified revolvers and self-loading pistols from 9 × 19 mm caliber with any sights and modifications are permitted. In contrast to the strictly regulated production class, it offers the shooter almost unlimited possibilities to adapt his weapon to his personal needs. In order to achieve the so-called major factor, the caliber .38 Super Auto or very heavily charged 9 mm cartridges are usually fired. A power factor of at least 160 is required for the major rating in the open class.

Frequent modifications to weapons from the Open class are extended barrels with barrel weights at the front, compensator holes in the barrel (reduction of the stroke), optical aiming devices (red dot sights) and particularly smooth triggers. Magazines, on the other hand, are limited to a total length of 170 mm to prevent shooters from competing with oversized magazines.

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The standard class is the oldest of the five IPSC handgun classes and allows the shooter to use pistols from 9 mm caliber . Further restrictions: No optical or electronic sighting aids are allowed, only the so-called open sight ( rear sight and front sight ). In addition, the weapon with the magazine inserted must fit into a box with internal dimensions 225 × 150 × 45 mm.

In the standard class, mostly only strong calibers (from .40 S&W ) are shot whose bullet energy reaches the so-called major factor. This means that the shooter receives one rating point more in the middle and outer hit zone than in the minor rating.

Modified

For the modified class, those pistols were approved whose modifications corresponded to the free tuning options of the open class, as long as the pistol adheres to the box size (see standard) with the magazine inserted. The modified class was abolished in the international regulations on January 1, 2012. In some member regions, including Germany, it was possible to start Modified at national level for another two years. Modified was considered the most technically demanding class and was mainly used in Germany.

Classic

In the Classic class, pistols are permitted that correspond to the classic design of the Colt M1911 , that is, they consist of a solid steel handle with a short dust cover and use single-row magazines.

Production

In the IPSC Production Division , only pistols are permitted that are specified in the Production Division List. These are mostly models that were or are also used as service weapons by the police, military and security authorities. Modifications are only permitted to a very limited extent, so only accessories from the manufacturer that are also offered as options for new weapons may be used. The magazine capacity is not limited, but the magazines may only be loaded with 15 cartridges at the start.

The rating is only in the minor class, regardless of the power factor and caliber, but the minimum power factor is 125.

In addition, the first shot must be fired with a double action trigger and the trigger weight for this shot must be over 2.27 kg (5 lbs). Accordingly, single-action-only weapons are not permitted, but double-action-only weapons or weapons with a safe-action trigger such as the Glock 17 , although of course an entire stage with a trigger weight of over 2.27 kg must be shot because there is no change from double-action to single-action mode.

revolver

Only revolvers in calibers from 9 mm are permitted for competitions in this class . A maximum of six shots may be fired per drum before reloading. This also applies if the shooter's revolver is a model with seven or more cartridge chambers. Electronic or optical sighting aids ( red dot sights , telescopic sights ) as well as weights and other modifications that reduce the throwing-up of the weapon are also prohibited .

Long guns

Sports regulations for IPSC shooting with long guns have also been approved in the Federal Republic of Germany since 2005.

AIPSC

Airsoft IPSC is enjoying increasing popularity, especially in countries with very restrictive gun laws. Great Britain, China and Japan are mentioned here as examples.

Airsoft-IPSC is not included in the official sports manual of the Bund Deutscher Schützen .

KK-IPSC

For the German championship in 2008, an additional temporary set of rules for small caliber IPSC was created for Germany , which is divided into standard and open divisions. In both divisions, a magazine capacity of a maximum of 10 cartridges was initially set. Since the number of participants in the KK disciplines has so far been below expectations, and the disciplines are hardly used by juniors but mainly by experienced shooters with larger calibers, the future of the KK-IPSC is controversial among IPSC shooters. Internationally there is no KK-IPSC.

Scoring system

Rating classes (major / minor)

In the IPSC, there are two different ratings in most classes (divisions), major and minor, which depend on the caliber used and sometimes also on the strength of the cartridge charge. This creates a certain compensation for the more difficult handling of larger or stronger calibers (more recoil and high blow, lower magazine capacity), since the shooters of a class (division) compete against each other in the same competition regardless of the caliber used. The minimum caliber is 9 × 19 mm or .354 (not .357) with a case length of at least 19 mm. This means that the .38 Super Auto caliber is also permitted.

The charge strength of a cartridge is indicated by the power factor. It is calculated from the bullet weight (m) in grains and the speed (v) of the bullet in feet per second:

While there is only a minor rating in the Production Class (Production Division), regardless of the caliber of the weapon, shooters in the Standard and Modified Class (Standard / Modified Division) from caliber 10 mm or. 40 S&W and a power factor of 170 in the major rating. In the Open Division, on the other hand, a power factor of 160 is sufficient, regardless of the caliber. Revolver shooters in the standard revolver class (Revolver Standard Division) require a power factor of 170, again regardless of the caliber used.

In practice, the major scoring is only significant for the outer scoring zones of paper targets, case targets and the A zone of the paper targets are each rated with 5 points in the major and minor scoring.

Scoring goals

In the IPSC handgun competitions, a distinction is made between paper and steel targets, fragile targets such as clay pigeons or bottles are generally not permitted.

The only approved paper target is the Classic Target with three scoring zones. Classic targets always have to be shot at twice. Depending on the rating class, there are differences in the rating of the middle and outer hit zone for major and minor:

IPSC Classic Target
Zone A. C. D.
major 5 4th 2
Minor 5 3 1

If the shooter misses the target, double the maximum possible number of points for this shot will be deducted - i.e. 10 points.

The Classic Targets are made of conventional brown corrugated cardboard on which the scoring zones are only embossed or faintly printed so that the shooter can no longer see them from ten meters away - in contrast to the well-known targets from precision shooting, the clearly visible rings and have a black area in the middle. In addition, the scoring zones are not located exactly in the middle of the Classic target, but are shifted upwards. The IPSC shooter must therefore learn to estimate where the evaluation zones are so that he can achieve the highest possible number of points. In addition, there is a five millimeter wide border on the outside, called the Non Scoring Border, which is not scored - it is used to determine whether a shot has touched the scoring area of ​​the D-Zone and is therefore scored. In this way, discussions are avoided as to whether a dented edge of the pane is the result of a shot or whether it is just damage.

On January 1st, 2010 the IPSC Mini Target was introduced, which corresponds to approx. 2/3 the size of the Classic Target and with which larger shooting distances can be reproduced on small shooting ranges. Mini Target and Classic Target may be used in the same target array within a stage, but must be at least two meters further away from the shooter than the Classic Targets.

When it comes to metal targets, a distinction is made between the Classic Popper, the Mini Classic Popper and Plates. Even if the name suggests otherwise, the metal targets do not necessarily have to be made of metal; other impenetrable materials such as hard rubber are also used - this has the advantage that projectiles do not splinter.

Classic poppers are almost 90 centimeters high. Viewed from the front, they have a trunk with a width of 15 to 20 centimeters, at the upper end is a disk a good 30 centimeters in diameter. With the Mini Classic Popper, which is supposed to simulate poppers standing further away, the disc is only around 20 centimeters in size and the body width is around 13 centimeters.

Plates can vary in size, round plates must have a diameter of 20 to 30 centimeters, rectangular plates an edge length of 15 to 30 centimeters. Other forms are not allowed.

Basically, a metal target must fall over in order to be scored and then counts five points in each case, regardless of the type of target and the shooter's rating class. Poppers are set in such a way that they fall over safely with an optimal hit with a projectile that reaches the minimum power factor of 125. This means that every shooter has the chance to knock the popper over with one shot if he hits it well. However, given the time pressure prevailing in competition, it is not uncommon for shooters to only hit the hull of the poppers - with larger and stronger calibers, the probability is higher that the popper will still fall than with shooters with the minimum caliber and minimum -Use power factor.

All targets can also be set up as so-called penalty targets (previously known as no-shoots ). The disc or the popper is either crossed with a red X or painted completely red. Recently, completely white paper discs have also increasingly been used as penalty targets, since some manufacturers have switched to using white paper for the back of the corrugated cardboard of IPSC targets. Other colors are permitted, but not used. The “hard cover” is worth mentioning here. A Classic Target is colored black and symbolizes an impenetrable target. This is mostly used as a privacy screen on classic targets or poppers. The shooter may shoot at and hit the hard cover, but does not receive any score or penalty points. If a penalty target is hit, for targets within the non-scoring border, the shooter will be deducted ten points. If a penalty popper is shot at and hit by the shooter but does NOT fall over, the shooter will usually not be awarded any penalty points. After each pass, the holes of the targets being shot at are masked and popper and plates are set up again for the next shooter.

There is no negative overall rating; if a shooter receives more penalty points than rating points, he receives a so-called zero rating, i.e. a stage score of zero.

Shooting targets through barriers such as partition walls or hard covers can lead to disqualification, as the shooter has obtained unsportsmanlike advantages.

Evaluation points and stage score

In contrast to other shooting sports, not only are the points counted, but the points are divided by the time it takes in seconds. This gives the stage score. The shooter who achieves the highest stage score receives the full number of points on the respective stage (100 percent). The other shooters receive as many stage points as they have achieved in the score ratio to the best.

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Even when planning the stage process, it is important to understand the IPSC scoring system and also that a stage can only be won if you shoot it "correctly" and take both time and hits into account.

For example, suppose you have a stage with 3 paper targets and a popper to shoot. The maximum number of points is therefore 35 points, and the time required is estimated at 7 seconds. The hit factor is then 5 (35/7), i.e. H. every second is worth 5 points, or each point must be shot in 0.2 seconds. Assume you score a minor (A = 5 points, C = 3 points and D = 1 point). If you z. B. had a split time (time between two shots) of 0.3 seconds, then you would know that you could very well compensate for a delta by shooting only one Charlie. So you improved your shot by 2 points and it only needed 0.3 seconds. For the two points you would have even had 0.4 seconds, so you could improve your result by shooting.

However, if the stage had a high hit factor, the tactics would have to be changed. Given a stage with 90 points that can be shot in about 6 seconds. The hit / time formula results in a hit factor of 15; So every second is worth 15 points and vice versa you need an average of 0.06 seconds for each point. Here one comes to the conclusion that it is by no means worth it to shoot up a D, as one would only have 0.24 seconds for the maximum improvement of 4 points, i.e. less than the assumed split time of 0.3 seconds.

By including the time in the overall result, the basic claim of this sport, accuracy (Diligentia), strength (Vis) and speed (Celeritas) is manifested - a good shooter not only has to hit well, but also be quick and achieve the right effect. This is often abbreviated with the letters DVC .

World championships

World championships have been held since 1975 and consist of competitions lasting several days with more than 20 individual exercises. These currently take place every 3 years on changing continents.

Previous world champions:

Access to the IPSC shooting / safety and rule test (SuRT)

The IPSC World Association leaves it to the individual member regions (countries) to organize access to the IPSC shooting.

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

In Germany, to participate in IPSC shooting, membership in the Association of German Sport Shooting (BDS) is required, as well as having passed a safety and control test (SuRT), which is organized by the BDS and carried out by experienced instructors.

The SuRT consists of theoretical lessons in the relevant safety and sports rules, a theoretical and practical examination.

  • Theoretical exam: questionnaires on safety, behavior, procedural rules and scoring.
  • Practical test: Shooting a stage (exercise) under competition conditions with the examiner as range officer ("referee"). Evaluation criteria are the successful compliance with safety rules when handling weapons , compliance with the rules of the BDS sports regulations for IPSC shooting (procedure, equipment, safe handling of the weapon and other equipment).

The future IPSC sport shooter gives testimony that he has internalized the rules of IPSC sport and has mastered the safe, practical use of the weapon. This is important because safety is a top priority in shooting sports. This guarantees that the participants have a minimum qualification that allows IPSC tournaments to be carried out safely, in a sporty and legally correct manner.

Elements of the IPSC are prohibited in Germany. So was z. B. the so-called Coopertunnel (developed by the founder of the discipline) is expressly prohibited by the Federal Office of Administration .

Criticism of the shooting after IPSC

Shooting in accordance with IPSC guidelines has come under fire as a result of shooting sprees with sporting weapons, although to date no case is known in which an IPSC athlete committed such a crime or a security risk occurred due to IPSC or the weapons used for this purpose. In Germany, in the course of debates about tightening gun law , restrictions on IPSC shooting are still being discussed.

IPSC was approved as a sport by the Federal Administration Office on October 1, 2004 (Section 15a WaffG). In contrast to combat shooting by the police and the military, the shooter at the IPSC knows the location of the individual targets and the course of the exercise before entering the shooting range; shooting from cover does not occur, nor is firing in an untargeted manner Shots (so-called German shots ) and shooting while walking. No human silhouettes or images are used as targets in IPSC shooting and only active members of the armed forces and the police are allowed to wear uniforms or parts of uniforms. Civil clothing is mandatory for everyone else. In the case of competitions, the organizer (Match Director) decides whether or not items of clothing are to be classified as prohibited uniforms. In addition, military equipment such as tactical thigh holsters are prohibited.

On the other hand, IPSC, especially in the United States, has been criticized precisely because it has developed into a pure sport that has little in common with the practical use of firearms for self-defense. Out of this idea, a new discipline IDPA arose in the USA, which applies much stricter standards to the practical usability of equipment and techniques.

In February 2010, the federal government published a statement on the current situation under gun law, in which the results of a review of the IPSC shooting were presented. The opinion stated that there is no need for legislative action in relation to IPSC shooting or legal private ownership of firearms: "IPSC shooting as sport shooting differs (...) fundamentally from defense shooting or combat shooting" and leaves "only superficial similarities and Recognize parallels ".

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Veronika Wulf: Ballern for the common good . In: sueddeutsche.de . 2018, ISSN  0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed April 16, 2019]).
  2. ^ Production Division List
  3. ↑ IPSC Hall of Champions, accessed November 2, 2008 [1]  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ipsc.org  
  4. ↑ PDF