Mainz railway tunnel
| Mainz railway tunnel | |||||||||||||||||||||
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 The two tunnel tubes seen from Mainz Hbf
Left: Tunnel Mainz Hauptbahnhof Right: New Mainz Tunnel | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum slope : | 3.6 ‰ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| since September 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| since 1935 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| since 1884 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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The Mainz railway tunnels allow entry into Mainz main station from the south under the Kästrich .
description
The Mainz tunnels have been a four-track, electrified system since September 2010, they consist of a total of three individual tunnels:
- Mainz Hauptbahnhof tunnel: 655 meters
- Mainz Süd tunnel: 240 meters
- New Mainz tunnel: 1297 meters
The Mainz Hauptbahnhof tunnel (north portal at 49 ° 59 ′ 53 ″ N , 8 ° 15 ′ 41 ″ E, ) and the Mainz Süd tunnel (west portal at 49 ° 59 ′ 39 ″ N , 8 ° 16 ′ 18 ″ E ) follow one another and are located to the east or north of the parallel New Mainz Tunnel (north portal at 49 ° 59 ′ 53 ″ N , 8 ° 15 ′ 40 ″ E ).
The Mainz Hauptbahnhof and Mainz Süd tunnels as well as the New Mainzer Tunnel lead the two double-track lines between Mainz Römisches Theater station (until December 2006: Mainz Süd ) and Mainz Hbf station : The Rhein-Main-Bahn in the direction of Frankfurt am Main (route number: 3520) as inner tracks and the railway line to Ludwigshafen (route number: 3522) as outer tracks.
At the southeast portal of the New Mainz Tunnel there is a kilometer jump on both tracks to compensate for the different route lengths. On the inner track, kilometers correspond to 1.6 + 209.4 kilometers 1.7 + 73.8 ( excess length of 35.6 m), on the outer kilometer 1.6 + 211.8 kilometers 1.7 + 73.9 (excess length of 37.9 m).
history
The original Mainz railway system from the mid-19th century was located on the banks of the Rhine, wedged between the city and the river. The space on the banks of the Rhine was very limited and did not allow any expansion. During the 19th century, the number of passengers increased steadily.
The interests of the development of the railway, city and bank area required a relocation of the facilities. City architect Eduard Kreyssig suggested in 1873 that the station be relocated to the west side of the city.
Construction of the old Mainz tunnel
In order to implement the project at the intended location, the access tracks had to be laid in a large arc around the city to the west. This also required a 1196 meter long tunnel under the citadel . It was started in 1876 and put into operation in 1884 together with the new Centralbahnhof . This original system was ventilated through five smoke ducts.
Division of the old Mainz tunnel
The Mainz Hauptbahnhof tunnel and the Mainz Süd tunnel are the remnants of the continuous tunnel built between 1876 and 1884, which was “slit” in the Eisgrub area from 1932 to 1935 over a length of 300 meters, ie opened to the surface. The nearly 1.2 km long tunnel became two short tunnels.
This was made possible because the Mainz fortress had been abandoned on March 18, 1904 by an imperial cabinet order and as a result the military facilities that were located above the tunnel and had prevented a corresponding structural solution in the 1880s had been abandoned.
The measure appeared to be necessary because the original ventilation system was no longer sufficient with a frequency of around 240 passages by steam locomotives per day. This smoke gas pollution was not only extremely annoying for travelers and staff, but also caused considerable damage to the tunnel's superstructure and masonry. The problem also played a role in the Mainz railway accident in 1924.
Work began on July 19, 1932. From October 2, 1932, there was a partial night-time closure with extensive diversions in train traffic. The excavation pit was 29 meters deep. 350,000 cubic meters of excavated material were removed. The excavation of the slot became the toboggan hill near what is now the Berlin settlement in Mainz-Oberstadt . The old ventilation shafts could now also be abandoned. During the work, a Roman military bath from the time of 70 AD was discovered. In addition, a rescue access for the fire brigade and a staircase for self-rescue were set up at the incision. The project cost 2 million Reichsmarks . In April 1934 the work was finished.
1934 arranged such that in the tunnel passage of quick and express trains , this is also turn on, which were equipped with electric lighting.
Construction of the new Mainz tunnel
The project, which had already been planned in the 1980s, was part of the expansion route Mainz – Mannheim envisaged in the 1985 Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan , with which additional traffic expected in the course of connecting Wiesbaden to the new Cologne – Rhine / Main line was to be used. Around 1990, the completion of the New Mainz Tunnel was expected in 1996.
The New Mainz Tunnel was built parallel to the existing tunnels from 1998 onwards in order to remove the operational bottleneck between Mainz Süd and Mainz Hauptbahnhof, which consisted in the fact that the two double-track main lines leading from the south and east to the south tunnel portal at that time had to limit the western end of the station of Mainz Süd to two tracks.
The construction work started in the summer of 1998 should be completed in 2001 and cost 85 million DM (according to today's monetary value about 110 million euros), which should be borne by the federal government. Due to the location in the urban area, the approximately 170,000 cubic meters of excavated material was excavated without blasting. The tunnel attack was celebrated on July 7, 1998. The tunnel sponsorship was taken over by Gudrun Beutel, the wife of Jens Beutel , then Mayor of Mainz . During the construction phase, the tube was accordingly called the Gudrun Tunnel .
The breakthrough was celebrated on May 25, 2000. A total of 75 miners drove the tunnel using the shotcrete method . Around 170,000 cubic meters of excess mass were transported away by rail. The interior work (slab track, rails, overhead line, control and safety technology, etc.) was completed in 2002. The tunnel was put into operation in 2004. At the height of the ice pit breakthrough for the old Mainz tunnel there is an emergency exit or a rescue access .
The increased efficiency was also required because the Gotthard Base Tunnel was opened in Switzerland in 2016 and freight traffic between the North Sea and the Mediterranean is expected to almost double to 40 million tons.
Rehabilitation of the old tunnels
Since the spring of 2007, the track systems had been rebuilt for the sole operation of the New Mainz Tunnel , as the Mainz Hauptbahnhof tunnel and the Mainz Süd tunnel and the connecting section had to be renovated. The temporary shutdown of the Mainz Hauptbahnhof and Mainz Süd tunnels took place in mid-April 2007.
In the course of the work, the cross-section was expanded from 42 to 74 square meters.
The shell of the two tunnels was completed in spring 2009, after which the installation of the tracks as well as the signaling and safety devices began. The two old Mainz tunnels now have a fixed track, and plates between the tracks so that road vehicles can also drive through the tunnels for inspection and rescue purposes.
On August 30, 2010, the tunnel was put into operation, initially with one track. The second track followed on September 6, 2010. The renovated old tunnel is now known as the Mainz Hauptbahnhof tunnel , the new tunnel unchanged as the New Mainz Tunnel . A total of around 70 million euros was invested.
The now four-track route also relieves freight traffic on the Mainz bypass line for the left-hand Rhine route , as most freight trains have previously had to avoid the tunnel. The freight trains can now switch directly from the left-hand Rhine route (later also at no elevation from the right-hand Rhine route) to the Mainz – Ludwigshafen line .
Mainz Hauptbahnhof tunnel after renovation, looking towards the main train station
Eisgrub cut, looking towards the Roman Theater, right track equipped with slab track
Mainz railway tunnel, entrance to the S-Bahn from Mainz Hauptbahnhof to the Roman Theater (2017)
particularities
During the construction work to secure the mountain from the eruption of the larger profile, a walled-up corridor was discovered in the outer wall of the citadel , which was previously unknown. An anchor was supposed to be inserted there to secure it, instead a cavity opened up. During the excavation of the tunnel, this corridor was completely filled with material so that no damage could result from pressing out the rock for stabilization. After the shell of the tunnel was completed, the filling was removed from the corridors in order to be able to examine them further.
In the Windmühlenstraße above the tunnel, which was closed to vehicle traffic at the time, the overburden is less than two meters, where the remains of the reinforcement could still be seen in the broken road, which were installed in the upper area of the tunnel cross-section during the excavation of the tunnel to secure the rock has been. Due to this low cover, special monitoring measures were necessary for the houses that were located directly above or next to the tunnel.
Construction of two rescue tunnels
In September 2015, the construction of two rescue tunnels began, which were put into operation 14 months later. Around five million euros were invested in the measure.
Accidents
On October 1, 1924, the D 670 express train was forced to brake in the tunnel. The following P 682 hit the stationary train. 14 people died and others were injured. Cause of the accident was the operation processing by the publicly owned enterprise , the route block was carried out not in operation, and no feedback process.
literature
- NN: Longitudinal section through the tunnel . [Colored ink drawing, 139 × 41.5 cm, scale 1: 1000 (length), (height) 1: 100, with geological profile of the tunnel section]. Mainz City Archives , signature: BPSP / 3114 D.
- Otto Westermann: Young Railway in 2000-year-old golden Mainz. From the good and bad days of the Mainz Railway . Federal Railway Directorate Mainz, Mainz undated [after 1962].
Web links
- Location of the tunnels on the OpenRailwayMap
- Information and pictures about the tunnels on route 3520 on eisenbahn-tunnelportale.de by Lothar Brill
Individual evidence
- ^ NN: Longitudinal section through the tunnel .
- ^ NN: Longitudinal section through the tunnel .
- ^ Heinrich Gassner: On the history of the Mainz fortress . 1904, p. 20.
- ↑ Westermann, p. 53.
- ↑ Westermann, p. 53.
- ↑ Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (ed.): Official Gazette of the Reichsbahndirektion Mainz of October 1, 1932, No. 40. Announcement No. 628, p. 250.
- ↑ Westermann, p. 53.
- ^ Rosel Spaniol: Early railway systems in Mainz (then and now). A contribution to the city's history and archeology . In: Railways and Museums . 2nd Edition. tape 24 . Karlsruhe 1981, ISBN 3-921700-37-X , p. 40 f .
- ↑ Westermann, p. 53.
- ↑ Westermann, p. 53.
- ^ Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (ed.): Official Gazette of the Reichsbahndirektion Mainz of April 7, 1934, No. 17. Announcement No. 207, p. 70.
- ↑ Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (Ed.): Official Gazette of the Reichsbahndirektion Mainz of March 24, 1934, No. 15. Announcement No. 168, p. 60.
- ↑ Jürgen Grübmeier, Helmut Wegel: Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 1985 . In: Railway technical review . No. 1/2 , 1986, ISSN 0013-2845 , pp. 45-55 .
- ^ Rüdiger Block: ICE racetrack: the new lines . In: Eisenbahn-Kurier Special . High speed traffic. No. 21 , 1991, p. 36-45 .
- ^ Announcement New tunnel for Mainz . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International , Issue 9, 1998, ISSN 1421-2811 , p. 343
- ↑ Tunnel piercing in Mainz . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . Issue 7/2000, July 2000, ISSN 1421-2811 , p. 290 .
- ↑ Michael Erfurth: FH professor: Completion of the Gotthard base tunnel has consequences for railway noise in Mainz. In: Allgemeine Zeitung . July 16, 2012, archived from the original on November 11, 2012 ; Retrieved December 20, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Old Mainz tunnel almost finished - the first train will pass on August 30th. In: Allgemeine Zeitung . August 19, 2010, archived from the original on August 22, 2010 ; Retrieved December 20, 2017 .
- ↑ DB Netze: Old Mainz Tunnels - Historic buildings completely renewed, as of August 2010
- ↑ The tracks at the north head are to be rebuilt. In: Allgemeine Zeitung . November 16, 2009. Retrieved November 16, 2009 .
- ↑ Brochure "New Mainzer Tunnel" by KuK ( Memento from September 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ René Hallbauer, Theresa Jansen: Two new rescue tunnels for the Mainz tunnel . In: DB Netz AG (Ed.): Infrastructure projects 2018 . Building at Deutsche Bahn. PMC Media House, Hamburg 2018, ISBN 978-3-96245-163-9 , pp. 184-189 .