1873
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Calendar overview 1873
Map with all linked sites: | 1873 | |
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 digs in Troy to Priam's Treasure from. |
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| 1873 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 1321/22 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1865/66 (September 10-11) |
| Baha'i calendar | 29/30 (20/21 March) |
| Bengali solar calendar | 1278/79 (beginning of April 14th or 15th) |
| Buddhist calendar | 2416/17 (southern Buddhism); 2415/16 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 76th (77th) cycle
Year of the water tap癸酉 ( at the beginning of the year water monkey 壬申) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1235/36 (turn of the year April) |
| Dangun era (Korea) | 4206/07 (October 2/3) |
| Iranian calendar | 1251/52 (around March 21) |
| Islamic calendar | 1289/90 (February 28 / March 1) |
| Japanese calendar |
Meiji 6 (
明治 6 年 ); Koki 2533 |
| Jewish calendar | 5633/34 (September 21/22) |
| Coptic calendar | 1589/90 (September 10-11) |
| Malayalam calendar | 1048/49 |
| Rumi Calendar (Ottoman Empire) | 1288/89 (March 1) |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 2183/84 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 2184/85 (turn of the year October) |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1929/30 (April) |
Events
Politics and world events
European power and alliance politics
- June 6th : The Schönbrunn Convention is signed by Emperor Franz Joseph I and Tsar Alexander II .
- September 16 : After all installments of the war contribution agreed in the Peace of Frankfurt have been paid in full , the last German soldier leaves the territory of France .
From left to right: Franz Joseph I , Wilhelm I and Alexander II on October 22, 1873 in Schönbrunn Palace
- October 22nd : In Schönbrunn Palace , Kaiser Wilhelm I for the German Empire , Emperor Franz Joseph I for Austria-Hungary and Tsar Alexander II for Russia sign the three- emperor agreement , which aims to isolate France .
German Empire
- March to May: The Japanese Iwakura mission visits the German Reich .
- April 21 : During the violent suppression of the Frankfurt beer riot triggered by a beer price increase , 20 people die and 300 are arrested.
- May 11 : In the German Empire under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck , the first of the May Laws is passed, with which the state influences the training and appointment of Catholic clergy. This marked the beginning of the culmination of the culture war with the Catholic Church .
- May 30th : The German Reichstag passes the law to abolish the fortresses of Minden , Stettin , Erfurt , Wittenberg , Kosel , Graudenz , Kolberg and Stralsund . The Royal Domain Treasury, represented by the government in Minden and the city's magistrate, then negotiates the future of the Minden fortress . The rayon regulations will be lifted as early as October 1st , so that plots near the military facilities can be built on. The city gates are opened and laid down from 1878 , gaps are torn in the city wall , the city is opened to the surrounding area.
- October 29th : After Johann's death, his son Albert succeeds him to the throne of the Kingdom of Saxony .
- December 20 : With the constitution- amending Lex Miquel-Lasker , the German Reich acquires legislative competence over civil law in Germany.
Spain
- February 10 : Spain's King Amadeus , following massive pressure from his wife, declares his abdication in the wake of the Carlist Wars and a failed assassination attempt the previous year and decides to leave the country.
- February 11 : Proclamation of the first Spanish republic by the national representation (Cortés)
- October 11 : In the sea battle off Cartagena , the Mediterranean squadron of the republican central government of Spain fights against the fleet of the rebellious canton of Cartagena.
Other events in Europe
- January 1 : Paul Cérésole becomes President of Switzerland .
America
- May 23 : Canadian Prime Minister John Macdonald establishes the North West Mounted Police , the law and order in the Northwest Territories (which at this time also includes the present-day provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and parts of Manitoba and the territories of Yukon and Nunavut) should bring
- June 17 : The criminal trial of Susan B. Anthony , a leader of the women's suffrage movement, begins. Anthony was charged with voting in the 1872 American presidential election, despite the fact that state law allowed only men to vote.
Asia
- March 26th : The Netherlands declare war on the Sultan of Aceh in Sumatra .
Africa
- June 8th : A Ferman of the Sultan Abdülaziz grants Egypt almost complete independence under his Khedive Ismail Pasha .
economy
The world exhibition in Vienna
The opening ceremony, woodcut after a drawing by Vinzenz Katzler
- May 1 : The World Exhibition in Vienna will of Emperor Franz Joseph I opened.
The founder crash
- May 9 : The founder crash on the Vienna Stock Exchange triggers a severe international depression after the founding years .
- September 19 : The founder crash hits New York City. Jay Cooke & Company , a railroad and real estate company, goes bankrupt . There is a bank run of investors; the New York Stock Exchange will be closed for ten days.
- October 28th : The Berlin stock exchange experiences the biggest drop in price in its history.
traffic
- October 1 : The first sleeping car in Germany runs between Berlin and Ostend .
- November 17th : The Lisbon tram opens as a horse-drawn tram .
- The construction of the Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia begins. The first section is opened in the same year with trains pulled by mules.
Others
- January 28 : The Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt formerly Roessler AG ( Degussa ) is founded in Frankfurt am Main .
- March 26th : The Society for the Construction of Cheap Housing (GebW) is founded in Casino Winterthur . 51 shareholders subscribe for 307 shares with a nominal value of 500 francs each.
- May 20 : Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis patent the jeans .
- July 9 : Emperor Wilhelm I signs the German Coin Act , the first German monetary union
- July 20 : Adele Spitzeder is sentenced to three years in prison for fraudulent bankruptcy with her Dachauer Volksbank . Due to high interest promises it has a snowballing damaged more than 30,000 depositors.
- October 24th : The 1st Vienna Spring Water Pipeline is put into operation.
- A tax reform in Japan under Meiji Tennō robs the samurai of their economic basis.
science and technology
archeology
- May 31 : Heinrich Schliemann digs up what he called Priam's treasure in earlier Troy .
- The Etruscan tomb of hunting and fishing ( Tomba della Caccia e Pesca ) with numerous wall paintings is discovered in the Monterozzi necropolis near Tarquinia .
astronomy
- August 20 : Irish astronomer Lawrence Parsons discovers a galaxy 300 million light-years away , now known as NGC 2 , in the constellation Pegasus .
- August 20 : The galaxy known as NGC 6641 is observed for the first time by Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan in the constellation Hercules .
- November 15 : Ralph Copeland discovers the galaxies later cataloged as NGC 81 and NGC 85 in the constellation Andromeda .
- December 19 : Ralph Copeland finds the galaxy NGC 203 in the constellation Pisces .
Research trips
- August 30 : The Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition , led by Julius von Payer and Carl Weyprecht, rediscovered the Rönnebeck-Land archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, which at that time was only known to a few Norwegian fishermen , on their drift in the ice with the ship Admiral Tegetthoff and renamed them Franz-Josef-Land around. The first island to be seen is what is later known as Hall Island . On November 1st, the researchers set foot on an island in the archipelago for the first time and named it Wilczek Island . They erect a stone man about 100 cm tall and leave a message in a barrel, which they cover with stones.
- In September Nikolai Michailowitsch Prschewalski reached Ulan Bator and thus ended his three-year Central Asia expedition.
medicine
- February 28 : The Norwegian doctor Gerhard Armauer Hansen describes his observations about the leprosy pathogen Mycobacterium leprae that he discovered .
- Camillo Golgi succeeds in a staining process that makes nerve cells visible.
Technical achievements
- August 2nd : Andrew Smith Hallidie successfully tests the world's first cableway system near Nob Hill, Clay and Jones Street in San Francisco . This laid the foundation for the San Francisco Cable Cars . As of September 1 starts Clay Street line public service.
- The first usable barbed wire is presented in De Kalb, Illinois .
Culture
Architecture and fine arts
- September 2 : On the newly created Sedan Day , the Berlin Victory Column , built according to a design by Heinrich Strack , is inaugurated.
literature
- January 30th : The novel Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours ( Journey around the earth in 80 days ) by Jules Verne is published.
- The novel The Demons by Fyodor Michailowitsch Dostojewski appears.
- The novel Die Geier-Wally appears, in which Wilhelmine von Hillern artistically processes the life of the Tyrolean painter Anna Stainer-Knittel .
Music and theater
- March 1 : The operetta The Carnival in Rome by Johann Strauss is premiered in the Theater an der Wien in Vienna. The text is by Joseph Braun, the lyrics by Richard Genée . Caroline Charles-Hirsch plays the role of Marie.
- April 1st : The string quartet in E minor , the only string quartet by Giuseppe Verdi , has its world premiere in a private setting in the reception hall of the Albergo della crocelle in Naples. It is the only Italian chamber music work of the 19th century that can survive in the concert repertoire.
- The first Latvian song festival takes place.
Others
- The Villa Hügel in Essen is built.
- The Villa Merkel is built.
- Foundation of the Munich City Museum
society
- June 4th : Ferdinand Gump, the " Donaumoos robber ", is arrested in Wolnzach .
- July 21 : In Adair (Iowa) commit Jesse James and his transition to the first train robbery in the western United States .
Disasters
- January 22nd : The British clipper Northfleet is rammed by the Spanish steamer Murillo off the headland of Dungeness on the coast of the English county of Kent and goes down, killing 293 passengers and crew.
- April 1 : 545 passengers and crew are killed in the sinking of the British White Star Line's passenger steamer RMS Atlantic off the coast of Nova Scotia (Canada). It is the worst shipping accident on the North Atlantic to date .
- November 22 : The French transatlantic steamer Ville du Havre of the shipping company Compagnie Générale Transatlantique collides with the clipper Loch Earn in the North Atlantic , breaks apart and sinks within twelve minutes (226 dead).
- In the winter of 1872/1873, 17 Norwegian seal hunters died in Svenskhuset on Spitsbergen from lead poisoning caused by the consumption of canned food.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .
Sports
- May 19 : The Straubing Breeding and Trotting Club is founded as the first German trotting club.
- July 15th : The Scottish football club Glasgow Rangers is founded.
Born
January
- January 1 : Leon Czolgosz , American assassin († 1901 )
- January 2 : Anton Pannekoek , Dutch astronomer and Marxist theorist († 1960 )
- January 2 : John Marshall Robsion , American politician († 1948 )
- January 2 : Therese von Lisieux , French Carmelite and saint († 1897 )
- January 3 : Joseph Ambühl , Swiss Bishop of Basel († 1936 )
- January 4 : Otakar Berger , Czech cellist († 1897 )
- January 5 : Theodor Spitta , German politician († 1969 )
- January 6 : Walter Guernsey Reynolds , American organist and composer († 1953 )
- January 7th : Rudolf Eisler , Austrian philosopher († 1926 )
- January 7 : Francis Maclennan , American singer († 1935 )
- January 7th : Adolph Zukor , American entrepreneur († 1976 )
- January 9 : Chaim Nachman Bialik , Jewish poet, author and journalist († 1934 )
- January 9 : Thomas Curtis , American hurdler and Olympic champion († 1944 )
- January 9 : John Flanagan , Irish immigrant and New York athlete († 1938 )
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- January 12 : Vasyl Krytschewskyj , Ukrainian art historian, painter, architect, graphic artist and set designer († 1952 )
- January 12th : Spyridon Louis , Greek athlete († 1940 )
- January 13 : Walther Bensemann , German football pioneer († 1934 )
- January 14 : André Bloch , French composer († 1960 )
- January 14 : Ernst Eichhoff , German politician († 1941 )
- January 14 : Albert Paulig , German actor († 1933 )
- January 15 : Max Adler , Austrian sociologist († 1937 )
- January 18 : Viktor Kienböck , Austrian politician and lawyer († 1956 )
- January 19 : Dr. Owlglass , German doctor, writer and poet († 1945 )
- January 19 : Thomas Dufferin Pattullo , Canadian politician († 1956 )
- January 20 : Iwano Hōmei , Japanese writer, literary critic and translator († 1920 )
- January 20 : Johannes Vilhelm Jensen , Danish writer and Nobel Prize winner († 1950 )
- January 20 : Alfred Wiłkomirski , Polish violinist, violist and music teacher († 1950 )
- January 22nd : Frederick William Schlieder , American organist and music teacher († 1953 )
- January 24 : Bartolomé Pérez Casas , Spanish composer, conductor and music teacher († 1956 )
- January 25 : Georg Amft , German composer and music teacher († 1937 )
- January 28 : Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette , French writer and journalist († 1954 )
- January 29 : Luigi Amadeo of Savoy , Italian naval officer and explorer († 1933 )
- January 31 : Melitta Bentz , German inventor of the coffee filter († 1950 )
February
- February 1 : Joseph Allard , Canadian fiddle player and composer († 1947 )
- February 2 : Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath , German Foreign Minister and Reich Protector in Bohemia and Moravia († 1956 )
- February 2 : Leo Fall , Austrian composer and Kapellmeister († 1925 )
- February 2 : Johan Paul van Limburg Stirum , Governor General of the Dutch East Indies († 1948 )
- February 2 : Maurice Tourneur , French screenwriter and director († 1961 )
- February 3 : Karl Jatho , German aviation pioneer († 1933 )
- February 6 : Ewald Ovir , German-Baltic missionary and evangelical martyr († 1896 )
- February 7th : Charles Dixon , English tennis player († 1939 )
- February 7th : Thomas Andrews , Irish naval architect († 1912 )
- February 8 : Philippe de Marne , French racing car driver († 1955 )
- February 8 : Josef Enzensperger , German meteorologist and mountaineer († 1903 )
- February 10 : Egon Schweidler , Austrian physicist († 1948 )
- February 10 : Franz Wels , Austrian designer and aviation pioneer († 1940 )
- February 11 : Georg Hirschfeld , German playwright and narrator († 1942 )
- February 11 : Rudolf Hans Bartsch , Austrian writer († 1952 )
- February 12 : Abram Piatt Andrew , American politician († 1936 )
- February 13 : Fyodor Ivanovich Chalyapin , Russian opera singer († 1938 )
- February 14 : Wilhelm Apel , German politician († 1960 )
- February 14 : Pierre-Macario Saba Syrian Archbishop of Aleppo († 1943 )
- February 15 : Gaspar Agüero y Barreras , Cuban composer and pianist († 1951 )
- February 15 : Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin , German-Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize winner († 1964 )
- February 20 : Rudolf Wartmann-Füchslin , Swiss engineer and building contractor († 1930 )
- February 21 : Franz Friedrich Andreae , German banker († 1950 )
- February 23 : Édouard Risler , French pianist († 1929 )
- February 23 : Jean-Jacques Waltz , Alsatian graphic artist and local history researcher († 1951 )
- February 23 : Liang Qichao , Chinese scholar and reformist in the Qing Dynasty († 1929 )
- February 24th : Friedrich Julius Bieber , Austrian Africa researcher and ethnologist († 1924 )
- February 25 : Enrico Caruso , Italian opera singer († 1921 )
- February 26 : Rudolf Kanzler , German surveyor and politician († 1956 )
- February 26th : Johann Schütte , German airship pioneer († 1940 )
- February 26 : Yosano Tekkan , Japanese poet and literary critic († 1935 )
March
- March 3 : Gertrud Arnold , German actress († 1931 )
- March 5 : Richard Benno Adam , German portrait and horse painter († 1937 )
- March 7th : Clarence Dickinson , American organist, composer and music teacher († 1969 )
- March 7 : Alex Groesbeck , American politician († 1953 )
- March 8 : Fritz Wucherer , German painter of Swiss origin († 1948 )
- March 10 : Jakob Wassermann , German writer († 1934 )
- March 13 : Eduard Wilhelm Franz Anderson , German painter († 1947 )
- March 13 : Amédée Henri Gustave Noël Gastoué , French musicologist and composer († 1943 )
- March 13 : Georg Demmler , German architect, athlete and sports official († 1931 )
- March 15 : Rolland H. Spaulding , American politician († 1942 )
- March 17 : Wilhelm Kreis , German architect († 1955 )
- March 19 : Max Reger , German composer and organist († 1916 )
- March 22 : Gertrud Caspari , German children's book illustrator († 1948 )
- March 22nd : Ole Hjellemo , Norwegian composer († 1938 )
- March 23 : Sahachiro Hata , Japanese scientist and bacteriologist († 1938 )
- March 25 : Rudolf Rocker , German author, historian and anarcho-syndicalist († 1958 )
- March 26 : Gerald du Maurier , English stage actor and artistic director († 1934 )
- March 29 : Tullio Levi-Civita , Italian mathematician († 1941 )
- March 31 : Paul Lensch , German politician († 1926 )
- March 31 : William Denney , American politician († 1953 )
April
- April 1 : Bibb Graves , American politician († 1942 )
- April 1 : Sergei Rachmaninow , Russian pianist, composer and conductor († 1943 )
- April 5 : Rafael Emilio Arté , Dominican musician and music teacher († 1970 )
- April 6 : Franz Dinghofer , Austrian judge and politician († 1956 )
- April 7 : Friedrich von Oppeln-Bronikowski , German writer and cultural historian († 1936 )
- April 8 : Heinrich Dubbel , German professor of mechanical engineering († 1947 )
- April 8 : Wilhelm Paulcke , German geologist and avalanche researcher. († 1949 )
- April 9 : Hartley Burr Alexander , American philosopher, writer and ethnologist († 1939 )
- April 10 : Heinrich Aumund , German entrepreneur and university lecturer († 1959 )
- April 10 : Henry P. Fletcher , American diplomat and politician († 1959 )
- April 11 : Gustav Böß , German politician, Lord Mayor of Berlin († 1946 )
- April 11 : Alfred Ley , pioneer of German automobile construction († 1945 )
- April 11 : Angelo Nessi , Swiss journalist and librettist († 1932 )
- April 12 : Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney , French Bahai († 1928 )
- April 15 : Juliette Paxton Atkinson , American tennis player († 1944 )
- April 17 : Alphonse Lavallée-Smith , Canadian composer, organist and music teacher († 1912 )
- April 18 : Ewald Budde , German politician († 1966 )
- April 19 : Alexander Dominicus , German liberal politician († 1945 )
- April 20 : Wojciech Korfanty , Polish Prime Minister, Member of the Bundestag, nationalist and irregular († 1939 )
- April 22nd : Luigi Lucheni , Italian anarchist, murderer of Empress Elisabeth († 1910 )
- April 23 : Arnold van Gennep , French ethnologist († 1957 )
- April 24th : Theodor Körner , Austrian Federal President († 1957 )
- April 24 : Max Landa , Austrian silent film actor († 1933 )
- April 25 : Félix Hubert d'Hérelle , British-Canadian biologist († 1949 )
- April 25 : Walter de la Mare , English poet and author († 1956 )
- April 26 : Otto zur Linde , German writer († 1938 )
- April 27 : Robert Wiene , German director († 1938 )
- April 28th : Fritz Körner , German businessman and dialect poet († 1930 )
- April 30 : Carl Auffenberg , German lawyer and politician († 1945 )
May
- May 1 : Konstantin Igumnow , Russian composer and piano virtuoso († 1948 )
- May 3 : Richard von Kühlmann , German diplomat and politician († 1948 )
- May 4 : Omer Letorey , French composer and organist († 1938 )
- May 4 : Julius Seyler , German painter and sportsman († 1955 )
- May 8 : Joseph Delmont , Austrian artist, director and writer; first predator scenes in film history († 1935 )
- May 9 : Lois Irene Marshall , American politician wife († 1958)
- May 10 : Peyveste Emukhvari , daughter of the Ottoman Prince Osman-Bey Emukhvari († 1944 )
- May 10 : Richard Wilhelm , German sinologist († 1930 )
- May 15 : Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Tscherepnin , Russian composer († 1945 )
- May 15 : Pavlo Skoropadskyj , Ukrainian politician († 1945 )
- May 17 : Henri Barbusse , French politician and writer († 1935 )
- May 19 : Federico Gerdes , Peruvian composer, conductor and pianist († 1953 )
- May 21 : Hans Berger , German neurologist and psychiatrist († 1941 )
- May 21 : Emil Ermatinger , Swiss Germanist († 1953 )
- May 23 : Leo Baeck , German rabbi and representative of liberal Judaism († 1956 )
- May 24 : Margarete Michaelson , German writer († 1924 )
- May 26 : Hans Ludendorff , German astronomer and astrophysicist († 1941 )
- May 26 : Olaf Gulbransson , Norwegian painter, draftsman and caricaturist († 1958 )
- May 26 : Cornelis Gerrit Nicolaas de Vooys , Dutch Netherlandish writer († 1955 )
- May 29 : Rudolf Tobias , Estonian composer and organist († 1918 )
June
- June 3 : Otto Loewi , Austrian-American pharmacologist († 1961 )
- June 7 : Landon Ronald , English conductor, music teacher and composer († 1938 )
- June 8 : Charles B. Henderson , American politician († 1954 )
- June 9 : Alfred Auerbach , German actor and writer († 1954 )
- June 13 : Jean Adair , Canadian actress († 1953 )
- June 14 : Waldemar Abegg , German administrative lawyer and politician († 1961 )
- June 14 : Arthur Seligman , American politician († 1933 )
- June 16 : Karl von Müller , German naval officer († 1923 )
- June 18 : Eduardo Chicharro y Agüera , Spanish painter († 1949 )
- June 18 : Erhard Kutschenreuter , German composer († 1946 )
- June 18 : Tom Turpin , American ragtime pianist and composer († 1922 )
- June 19 : Friedrich Huch , German poet and writer († 1913 )
- June 21 : Henry Tomlinson , British writer and journalist († 1958 )
- June 24th : Hugo Simberg , Finnish painter and graphic artist († 1917 )
- June 28 : Ludwig Arzt , German entrepreneur († 1956 )
- June 28 : Alexis Carrel , French surgeon and Nobel Prize winner († 1944 )
- June 29 : Leo Frobenius , German ethnologist († 1938 )
- June 30 : Johannes Meisenheimer , German zoologist († 1933 )
July
- July 1 : Alice Guy-Blaché , French-American pioneer of film, first female director in the world († 1968 )
- July 6 : Paul Keller , German publicist and writer († 1932 )
- July 7 : A. Victor Donahey , American politician († 1946 )
- July 7 : Sándor Ferenczi , Hungarian psychoanalyst († 1933 )
- July 7th Halvdan Koht , Norwegian historian and politician († 1965 )
- July 8 : Witold Maliszewski , Polish composer († 1939 )
- July 8 : Carl Vaugoin , Austrian politician († 1949 )
- July 9 : Albert Neuhaus , German politician, Reich Minister († 1948 )
- July 11th : Louis Pinck , German folk song researcher and collector († 1940 )
- July 12 : Rudolf Nadolny , German diplomat († 1953 )
- July 13 : Alfons Breska , Czech poet and translator († 1946 )
- July 15 : Otto Herrmann Anselmino , German pharmacist and associate professor for pharmaceutical chemistry († 1955 )
- July 15 : Henri Buisson , French physicist († 1944 )
- July 20 : Alberto Santos-Dumont , Brazilian aeronaut and aviation pioneer († 1932 )
- July 21 : Herbert Witherspoon , American singer, vocal teacher and theater manager († 1935 )
- July 24 : Bernard Arens , Luxembourg theologian and writer († 1954 )
- July 25 : Reinhard Mumm , German theologian and politician († 1932 )
- July 26 : Karl Wilmanns , German neurologist and psychiatrist († 1945 )
- July 27 : Otto Paschen , Provost of Cologne Cathedral († 1947 )
- July 28 : Hugo Reichenberger , German conductor and composer († 1938 )
- July 31 : Hans Ostwald , German journalist and writer († 1940 )
- July 31 : Vojtěch Preissig , Czech graphic artist, painter and illustrator, resistance fighter († 1944 )
August
- August 1 : Erik Hans Karl von Arnim , German manor owner and court official († 1945 )
- August 1st : Luise Veltée , Austrian director († 1950 )
- August 1 : Henri Verbrugghen , Belgian conductor, violinist and music teacher († 1934 )
- August 5 : Kurt Arndt , German chemist († 1946 )
- August 6 : Mary Carr Moore , American composer († 1957 )
- August 11 : Hans Goltz , German art dealer († 1927 )
- August 11 : Rudolf Maria Breithaupt , German composer and music teacher († 1945 )
- August 13 : Józef Haller von Hallenburg , Polish general († 1960 )
- August 14 : Emmy Surén , German nurse ( Angel of South West Africa ) († 1974 )
- August 18 : Otto Harbach , American librettist and songwriter († 1963 )
- August 18 : Leo Slezak , Austrian opera singer and actor († 1946 )
- August 19 : Friedrich von der Leyen , German specialist in German († 1966 )
- August 20 : Eliel Saarinen , Finnish architect († 1950 )
- August 20 : Eugen Schmalenbach , German business economist († 1955 )
- August 22 : Karl Nef , Swiss musicologist († 1935 )
- August 22nd : Alexander Alexandrowitsch Bogdanow , Russian philosopher, economist, sociologist and doctor († 1928 )
- August 26 : Lee de Forest , American engineer and inventor († 1961 )
- August 26 : John Hermann Loud , American organist and composer († 1959 )
- August 27 : Maud Allan , Canadian-American dancer († 1956 )
- August 31 : Allen Sisson , American old-time musician († 1951 )
September
- September 1 : Robert P. Bass , American politician († 1960 )
- September 5 : Bogumił Šwjela , Sorbian clergyman, linguist and publicist († 1948 )
- September 6 : Erich Köhler , German naval officer († 1914 )
- September 8 : Alfred Jarry , French writer († 1907 )
- September 8 : David O. McKay , American, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints († 1970 )
- September 9 : Theodor Kroyer , German musicologist († 1945 )
- September 9 : Max Reinhardt , Austrian theater director († 1943 )
- September 10 : Alexander Beer , German architect and master builder in Berlin († 1944 )
- September 11th : Ernst Buddeberg , German Evangelical Lutheran theologian, pastor, author and director of the Liebenzeller Mission († 1949 )
- September 11 : Rudolf Kassner , Austrian writer, essayist, translator, cultural philosopher († 1959 )
- September 12 : Gertrud Bäumer , German women's rights activist and politician, MdR († 1954 )
- September 13 : George Washington Lambert , Australian painter († 1930 )
- September 13 : Constantin Carathéodory , German mathematician († 1950 )
- September 13 : Francis Yard , French writer († 1947 )
- September 15 : Ferruccio Scattola , Italian painter († 1950 )
- September 15 : Otto Wels , German politician († 1939 )
- September 19 : Rudolf Charousek , Hungarian chess master († 1900 )
- September 20 : Ferenc Szisz , French-Hungarian racing driver († 1944 )
- September 20 : Lulu von Strauss and Torney , German poet and writer († 1956 )
- September 20 : Robert Wrenn , American tennis player († 1925 )
- September 24 : Willibald Adam , German abbot († 1935 )
- September 29 : František Balej , Czech lawyer, translator and humanistic philosopher († 1918 )
October
- October 1 : Oscar Schuster , German alpinist († 1917 )
- October 3 : Vyacheslav Shishkov , Russian writer. († 1945 )
- October 4 : Paul Samuel Leon Johnson , American preacher, founder of the Laity Home Mission Movement († 1950 )
- October 4 : Anne Siberdinus de Blécourt , Dutch lawyer and legal historian († 1940 )
- October 5 : Otto Falckenberg , German director, theater director and writer († 1947 )
- October 7th : Otto zu Windisch-Graetz , German nobleman († 1952 )
- October 8 : Ejnar Hertzsprung , Danish astronomer († 1967 )
- October 8 : Alexei Shtusev , Moldovan-Russian architect († 1949 )
- October 9 : Carl Flesch , Hungarian violinist and music writer († 1944 )
- October 9 : Karl Schwarzschild , German astronomer and physicist († 1916 )
- October 10 : Eduard Cruse , German officer († 1961 )
- October 10 : Else Kolshorn , German trade unionist († 1962 )
- October 10 : Arthur O. Lovejoy , American historian († 1962 )
- October 10 : Adolf Friedrich zu Mecklenburg , German colonial official and first President of the NOK († 1969 )
- October 11 : Joseph Irwin France , American politician († 1939 )
- October 12 : Federico Tedeschini , Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1959 )
- October 13 : Joseph Arneth , German medic († 1955 )
- October 14 : Ray Ewry , American athlete and Olympic champion († 1937 )
- October 14 : Fernand Gregh , French writer and literary critic († 1960 )
- October 14 : Jules Rimet , French, President of FIFA († 1956 )
- October 17 : William Luther Hill , American politician († 1951 )
- October 17 : Alfred Polgar , Austrian writer († 1955 )
- October 17 : Thomas Riggs junior , American politician and governor of the Alaska Territory between 1918 and 1921 († 1945 )
- October 18 : Ivanoe Bonomi , Italian politician († 1951 )
- October 20 : Makereti Papakura , New Zealand travel guide († 1930 )
- October 23 : William David Coolidge , American physicist († 1975 )
- October 24 : Edmund Taylor Whittaker , British mathematician († 1956 )
- October 26 : Thorvald Stauning , Danish politician and statesman († 1942 )
- October 27 : James J. Davis , American politician († 1947 )
- October 27 : Ella Scoble Opperman , American music teacher, organist and pianist († 1969 )
- October 29 : Michael Bleive , Russian Orthodox priest and martyr in Estonia († 1919 )
- October 30 : Francisco Madero , Mexican revolutionary and president († 1913 )
November
- November 2 : Gottfried Hinze , German football functionary († 1953 )
- November 3 : Antonius Hilfrich , German clergyman, Bishop of Limburg († 1947 )
- November 4 : Izumi Kyōka , Japanese writer († 1939 )
- November 4 : George Edward Moore , English philosopher († 1958 )
- November 5 : Edwin Flack , Australian athlete and Olympic champion († 1935 )
- November 8 : Aurelio Bacciarini , Swiss clergyman, apostolic administrator and titular bishop of Daulia († 1935 )
- November 9 : Tadeusz Miciński , Polish writer († 1918 )
- November 9 : Fritz Thyssen , German entrepreneur († 1951 )
- November 9 : Otfrid Foerster , German neuroscientist († 1941 )
- November 10 : Henri Rabaud , French composer († 1949 )
- November 11 : Daniel Daly , highly decorated sergeant of the United States Marine Corps († 1937 )
- November 12 : Adolf Schipper , German officer and colonial official († 1915 )
- November 14 : Carlos María de la Torre , Ecuadorian clergyman, Archbishop of Quito and Cardinal († 1968 )
- November 16 : WC Handy , American blues composer († 1958 )
- November 19 : Elizabeth McCombs , New Zealand politician and first woman in parliament († 1935 )
- November 20 : Daniel Gregory Mason , American composer († 1953 )
- November 20 : Ramón Castillo , politician, President of Argentina († 1944 )
- November 20 : William Coblentz , American physicist and astronomer († 1962 )
- November 20 : Walter Evans Edge , American politician († 1956 )
- November 21 : Heinrich Martin Arens , American politician († 1963 )
- November 22nd : Leopold Charles Maurice Stennett Amery , British politician († 1955 )
- November 22nd : Hermann Fischer , German banker and politician († 1940 )
- November 24th : Fritz Hardt , German entrepreneur († 1959 )
- November 24 : Julius Martow , Russian politician († 1923 )
- November 25 : Leo Katzenberger , German-Jewish businessman († 1942 )
- November 25 : Myers Cooper , American politician († 1958 )
- November 27 : Adolf Friedrich Wilhelm Ahlhorn , German lawyer († 1968 )
- November 27 : Johan Alfred Andersson Ander , Swedish criminal († 1910 )
- November 28 : Joseph Schnetz , Austrian philologist († 1952 )
- November 30th : Božena Benešová , Czech poet, writer († 1936 )
December
- December 1 : Viktor Michailowitsch Tschernow , Russian politician († 1952 )
- December 2 : Eduardo Schaerer , Paraguayan politician († 1941 )
- December 8 : Anton Afritsch , Austrian trade unionist († 1924 )
- December 8 : Quincas Laranjeiras , Brazilian guitarist and composer († 1935 )
- December 8 : John Duncan MacLean , Canadian politician († 1948 )
- December 9 : Elisabeth Bernoulli , Swiss women's rights activist († 1935 )
- December 9 : Henry Caulfield , American politician († 1966 )
- December 13 : Cesare Orsenigo , apostolic nuncio in Germany († 1946 )
- December 14 : Joseph Jongen , Belgian composer and organist († 1953 )
- December 16 : Robert Leinert , German politician († 1940 )
- December 17 : Ford Madox Ford , English writer († 1939 )
- December 18 : Francis Burton Harrison , American politician († 1957 )
- December 20 : Mehmet Akif Ersoy , Turkish poet († 1936 )
- December 20 : Frank Welsman , Canadian conductor, music teacher and pianist († 1952 )
- December 21 : Blagoje Bersa , Croatian composer († 1934 )
- December 21 : Josip Ipavec , Slovenian composer († 1921 )
- December 22nd : Carl Kraemer , German animal rights activist († 1951 )
- December 30 : Alfred E. Smith , American politician († 1944 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- David Allison , French-English soccer player († unknown)
- Sarah Fennings , British violinist and music teacher († after 1938)
- Mary Antonine Goodchild , American music teacher († 1945 )
- Teotoros Lapçinciyan , Armenian author and researcher († 1928 )
- Auguste Mangeot , French music critic and pianist († 1942 )
- Hasan Bej Prishtina , Albanian politician († 1933 )
- Armando Quezada Acharán , Chilean politician and economist († 1936 )
- Sayyid Ahmed asch-Sharif ibn Muhammad asch-Sharif ibn Muhammad ibn Ali as Senussi , leader of the Libyan Order of Sanussiya († 1933 )
- Alice Verlet , Belgian opera singer and music teacher († 1934 )
Died
January to April
- January 9 : Napoleon III. , French President and Emperor of the French (* 1808 )
- January 9 : Sigurd Friedrich Abel , German historian (* 1837 )
- January 18 : Edward Bulwer-Lytton , English novelist (* 1803 )
- January 21 : Karl Zell , German classical philologist and politician (* 1793 )
- January 24th : Johann Friedrich Christoph Bauer , German politician (* 1803 )
- January 26 : Carlo d'Arco , Italian art historian, painter and economist (* 1799 / 1800 )
- January 26th : Amélie von Leuchtenberg , Empress of Brazil (* 1812 )
- January 27th : Adam Sedgwick , British founder of modern geology (* 1785 )
- February 1 : Matthew Fontaine Maury , American naval officer and hydrograph (* 1806 )
- February 8 : John White Geary , American politician (* 1819 )
- February 10 : Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu , Irish writer (* 1814 )
- February 24 : Heinrich Kurz , German literary historian (* 1805 )
- March 25 : Wilhelm Marstrand , Danish painter (* 1810 )
- March 27 : James Dixon , American politician (* 1814 )
- March 27 : Joseph-Louis-Elzéar Ortolan , French lawyer and writer (* 1802 )
- March 30th : Bénédict Augustin Morel , French psychiatrist (* 1809 )
- March 31 : Wilhelm Stern , German educator (* 1792 )
- April 17 : Semen Hulak-Artemowskyj , Ukrainian opera singer and composer (* 1813 )
- April 18 : Justus von Liebig , German chemist (* 1803 )
- April 20 : Henry Bence Jones , English doctor (* 1813 )
- April 23 : Wolfgang Menzel , German late Romantic poet (* 1798 )
May to August
- May 1st : David Livingstone , Scottish Africa explorer (* 1813 )
- May 6 : Albert Schiffner , German geographer and lexicographer (* 1792 )
- May 7 : Salmon P. Chase , American lawyer and politician (* 1808 )
- May 8 : Oakes Ames , American politician (* 1804 )
- May 8 : John Stuart Mill , English philosopher and economist (* 1806 )
- May 11th : Ignacio Agramonte y Loynáz, Cuban lawyer and freedom fighter (* 1841 )
- May 13 : Gašpar Mašek , Czech composer (* 1794 )
- May 15 : Alexandru Ioan Cuza , founder and first prince of the Principality of Romania (* 1820 )
- May 17 : James Phelan , American politician (* 1821 )
- May 22 : Alessandro Manzoni , Italian writer (* 1785 )
- June 1 : Gheorghe Bibescu , Prince of Wallachia (* 1802 )
- June 1 : Joseph Howe , Canadian politician and journalist (* 1804 )
- June 6 : Adalbert von Prussia , Prussian Prince (* 1811 )
- June 14 : Friedrich von Raumer , German historian (* 1781 )
- June 26 : Friedrich Schüler , German lawyer and democratic politician (* 1791 )
- June 29 : Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter , German poet and doctor (* 1816 )
- July 4th : Józef Michał Poniatowski , Polish composer, singer and diplomat (* 1816 )
- July 8 : Franz Xaver Winterhalter , German portrait painter and lithographer (* 1805 )
- July 12 : Paul-Eugène Lequeux , French architect (* 1806 )
- July 13 : Anthony Colby , American politician (* 1792 )
- July 18 : Delos Rodeyn Ashley , American politician (* 1828 )
- July 18 : Ferdinand David , German composer (* 1810 )
- July 27 : Fyodor Ivanovich Tjuttschew , Russian poet (* 1803 )
- August 4th : Wiktor Alexandrowitsch Hartmann , Russian architect, sculptor and painter (* 1834 )
- August 17 : William M. Meredith , American politician (* 1799 )
- August 24th : Friedrich Paschen , German geodesist and astronomer (* 1804 )
- August 26th : Carl Wilhelm , German choir director (* 1815 )
- August 29 : Hermann Hankel , German mathematician (* 1839 )
September to December
- September 11th : Agustín Fernando Muñoz y Sánchez , morganatic husband of Maria Christina of Naples-Sicily, queen mother and regent of Spain (* 1808 )
- September 16 : Sidi Muhammad IV , Sultan of Morocco (* 1803 )
- September 19 : Giambattista Donati , Italian astronomer (* 1826 )
- September 19 : Jean Victor Coste , French naturalist (* 1807 )
- September 22nd : August Breithaupt , German mineralogist (* 1791 )
- September 22nd : Friedrich Frey-Herosé , Swiss politician (* 1801 )
- September 26 : Roderich Benedix , German actor, theater director and playwright (* 1811 )
- September 28 : Émile Gaboriau , French writer (* 1832 )
- October 3 : Thomas King Carroll , American politician (* 1793 )
- October 6 : Fyodor Alexandrowitsch Wassiljew , Russian painter (* 1850 )
- October 6 : Friedrich Wieck , German musician and music teacher (* 1785 )
- October 7th : Knut Jungbohn Clement , German writer (* 1803 )
- October 13 : Emil von Sydow , German officer, geographer and cartographer (* 1812 )
- October 16 : Frederik Due , Norwegian officer and minister of state (* 1796)
- October 17th : Franz Duschk , Minister of Finance during the Hungarian Revolution (* 1797 )
- October 18 : Robert McClure , British polar explorer (* 1807 )
- October 21 : Johan Sebastian Welhaven , Norwegian writer (* 1807 )
- October 23 : William Bebb , American politician (* 1802 )
- October 29th : Johann I , Saxon King (* 1801 )
- November 7th : Johann Christian Friedrich Heyer , German-American missionary (* 1793 )
- November 8 : Conrad Abée , Hessian politician and minister (* 1806 )
- November 11th : Carl Arnold , Norwegian composer (* 1794 )
- November 18 : Peter Dumont Vroom , American politician (* 1791 )
- November 26th : Carl Friedrich Naumann , German geologist and crystallographer (* 1797 )
- November 28th : Otto Unverdorben , German businessman and pharmacist, discovered the dye aniline (* 1806 )
- December 5 : George Rex Andrews , American lawyer and politician (* 1808 )
- December 6th : Peter Rigler , re-founder of the Teutonic Order (* 1796 )
- December 14 : Elisabeth Ludovika , Queen of Prussia (* 1801 )
- December 14th : Louis Agassiz , American zoologist and geologist (* 1807 )
- December 16 : Nino Bixio , Italian freedom fighter (* 1821 )
- December 21 : Francis Garnier , French explorer (* 1839 )
- December 24 : Johns Hopkins , American businessman and philanthropist (* 1795 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Justo Abaunza y Muñoz de Avilés , Niceraguan politician (* 1777 )
Web links
Commons : 1873 - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files
