Egon Schweidler
Egon Schweidler , until 1919 Ritter von Schweidler (born February 10, 1873 in Vienna , † February 10, 1948 in Seeham in Salzburg ) was an Austrian physicist .
Life
Egon Schweidler was born in Vienna in 1873 as the son of court attorney Emil von Schweidler. After studying physics and mathematics, he received his doctorate in 1895 with a dissertation “On the internal friction of mercury and some amalgams” and became an assistant to Franz-Serafin Exner at the Second Physics Institute. He completed his habilitation in 1899 at the University of Vienna and was appointed associate professor in 1911. From 1911 to 1926 he headed the chair for experimental physics at the University of Innsbruck , where he was dean in 1924 and rector in 1925/26. In 1926 he returned to Vienna as part of his appointment to the full professorship at the Second Physics Institute of the University of Vienna on Türkenstrasse. There he worked as secretary (1929–1933), general secretary (1933–1938) and, after his retirement, as vice president (1939–1945) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences . In 1933 he was also elected chairman of the German Physical Society .
meaning
His large number of works in the field of atmospheric electricity must be mentioned above all from the point of view of the history of science. Schweidler's scientific work was recognized early on (1907) when he was awarded the "Baumgartner Prize" by the Vienna Academy of Sciences for the "Study of the anomalies in the behavior of dielectrics". In 1899 he and Stefan Meyer demonstrated, among other things, the statistical character of radioactive decay and the magnetic deflectability of beta radiation as fast electrons. Together with Stefan Meyer, he is counted among the pioneers in research into radioactivity. His predicted fluctuations (1905) in ionization by radioactive radiation formed the starting point for a large number of theoretical and experimental investigations, which Max von Laue considered in his 1947 "History of Physics" (written in 1946 during his internment in Farm Hall, England ) marked a "progress of incalculable importance".
He rests in an honorary grave in the Döblinger Friedhof (group 35, row 7, number 8) in Vienna.
Works
- Atmospheric electricity , 1909 (with H. Mache ), archive.org
- On fluctuations in radioactive conversion , Comptes Rendus du Premier Congres International pour L'etude de la Radiologie et de Ionisation, Liege, 12. – 14. September 1905
- Handbook of radioactivity , (with S. Meyer), 1916 (2nd edition 1927)
literature
- B. Karlik - J. Seidl: Schweidler Egon Ritter von. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 12, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2001-2005, ISBN 3-7001-3580-7 , p. 39 f. (Direct links on p. 39 , p. 40 ).
- Berta Karlik, Erich Schmid: Franz Serafin Exner and his circle. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-7001-0437-5
- Wolfgang L. Reiter: Stefan Meyer: Pioneer of Radioactivity. In: Physics in Perspective. Volume 3, Issue 1, pp. 106-127, 2001
- Max von Laue: History of Physics. Ullstein, Frankfurt 1966
- Johannes Seidl: Schweidler, Egon Ritter von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , p. 40 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Egon Schweidler in the catalog of the German National Library
- Entry on Egon Schweidler in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schweidler, Egon |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 10, 1873 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Vienna |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 10, 1948 |
| Place of death | Seeham (Salzburg) |