23. May
The May 23 is the 143rd day of the Gregorian calendar (the 144th in leap years ), thus remain still 222 days until the end of the year.
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Historic anniversaries April · May · June |
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Events
Politics and world events
- 844 : According to the forged document Privilegio de los Votos , Ramiro I , King of Asturias , defeats the Emir Abd ar-Rahman II at the Battle of Clavijo . Modern historians doubt that this famous battle of the Reconquista at Clavijo actually took place.
- 1013 : Heinrich II. Receives Boleslaw I. Chrobry of Poland in Merseburg . After the attacks of July 1002 in Merseburg, he was only ready to come after high-ranking hostages had been placed.
- 1040 : The Battle of Dandanqan ends with a victory for the Seljuks under Tughrul and Chaghri Beg , who end the rule of the Ghaznavids under Masud I of Ghazni over Khorasan .
- 1059 : The ailing French King Henry I has his seven-year-old son Philip elected king and consecrated by the Archbishop of Reims . The Capetian wants to ensure the smooth succession to the throne in the event of his death, which is achieved afterwards.
- 1430 : During the siege of Compiègne falls Jeanne d'Arc in the Hundred Years' War the Burgundians in their hands. The French King Charles VII , who owes his coronation to her, has already turned away from her.
- 1493 : The Treaty of Senlis regulates the controversial ownership of the House of Burgundy , which expired in 1477 with the death of Charles the Bold : The Habsburg Maximilian I received rule over the Free County of Burgundy , while Picardy and the Duchy of Burgundy were owned by the French king Charles VIII stay.
- 1498 : The Pope Alexander VI. Penitent preacher Girolamo Savonarola , excommunicated as a “heretic, schismatic and despiser of the Holy See” is first hanged together with two confreres in front of a large crowd on the Piazza della Signoria in Florence and then burned on a stake .
- 1525 : In the German Peasants' War , a peasant army under Hans Müller succeeds in taking the city of Freiburg im Breisgau , where the city council is forced to join the so-called “Christian Association” of peasants.
- 1533 : The Archbishop of Canterbury , Thomas Cranmer , invalidates the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon . In doing so, he draws the wrath of the Vatican , which responds with a papal threat of banishment and a year later with the ban.
- 1547 : In the Battle of Drakenburg , the Protestant army of the Schmalkaldic League defeats the imperial troops of Duke Erich II of Calenberg . This does not change anything about the defeat in the Schmalkaldic War , but as a result of the battle, northern Germany becomes free from imperial troops, which contributes to freedom of belief .
- 1568 : The Eighty Years War begins with the Battle of Heiligerlee , the Netherlands ' struggle for freedom against Spanish rule. The Netherlands under Ludwig von Nassau-Dillenburg defeat the army of the governor of Spain, Johann von Ligne , who is killed in the battle.
- 1592 : Spanish troops landed in Brittany relieve the city of Craon, which was besieged in the Eighth Huguenot War by the troops of the French King Henry IV . In the battle, the general Philippe-Emmanuel de Lorraine prevailed over his adversary Henri de Bourbon, duc de Montpensier .
- 1618 : Almost 200 representatives of the Protestant estates under the leadership of Heinrich Matthias von Thurn , Albrecht Jan Smiřický von Smiřice , Joachim Andreas von Schlick and Leonhard Colonna von Fels move to the Prague Castle and after an improvised "court hearing" throw those present in the court chancellery Imperial governor Jaroslav Borsita Graf von Martinitz and Wilhelm Slavata as well as the scribe Philip Fabricius from a window 17 meters above the ground. The second lintel in Prague marks the beginning of the class uprising in Bohemia and subsequently leads to the Thirty Years War .
- 1706 : After their defeat in the Battle of Ramillies in the War of the Spanish Succession against a Dutch-English army under John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough , the French have to leave the Spanish Netherlands .
- 1788 : With the ratification of the United States Constitution , South Carolina becomes the eighth state to join the United States of America .
- 1802 : In an agreement, France recognizes the Prussian claims in north-west Germany, among other things. to the territories of the principal dioceses of Hildesheim , Münster and Paderborn , as compensation for the ceded areas on the left bank of the Rhine.
- 1863 : Ferdinand Lassalle founds the General German Workers' Association (ADAV) in Leipzig together with envoys from Leipzig, Hamburg, Harburg, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Elberfeld, Barmen, Solingen, Frankfurt am Main, Mainz and Dresden , the origin of today's SPD .
- 1873 : The North West Mounted Police ( NWMP ), the forerunner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police ( RCMP ) , is founded in the Canadian Northwest Territories , which also include the present-day provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and parts of Manitoba as well as the territories of Yukon and Nunavut. .
- 1915 : Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary as a result of the London Treaty , with which the Triple Alliance de jure is dissolved . This marked the beginning of the mountain war , and the twelve Isonzo battles in the First World War ensued .
- 1939 : Adolf Hitler announces to Germany's military leadership that he intends to invade neighboring Poland at the first suitable opportunity . The speech is recorded in writing by Rudolf Schmundt . The so-called Schmundt Protocol later became an important document in the Nuremberg trial against the main war criminals .
- 1942 : After several days of fighting succeeds the German Wehrmacht in the Second Battle of Kharkov in the war against the Soviet Union , several Soviet armies in Kharkov encircle. The surrender takes place on May 28th. It is one of the last victorious kettle battles for the Germans in World War II .
- 1945 : The Dönitz government , the executive government appointed by Reich President Karl Dönitz ( Schwerin von Krosigk cabinet ) with its provisional seat in Flensburg - Mürwik , is declared deposed by the Allies and arrested. This is considered to be the end of the Nazi state ( Third Reich ).
- 1945 : The former Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler commits suicide during an interrogation by the British Allies in Lüneburg using a cyanide capsule hidden in a gap in his teeth .
- 1949 : The Parliamentary Council in West Germany promulgates the German Basic Law . With this step the Federal Republic of Germany is founded . For the time being, the Basic Law only applies to the western zone known as the Trizone, with the exception of Saarland . (The formally independent "Saar Protectorate" joined on January 1, 1957 in accordance with Article 23 of the old version of the Basic Law ; as did the German Democratic Republic (GDR) on October 3, 1990. )
- 1951 : In Beijing an agreement is reached between the People's Republic of China and Tibet for the peaceful liberation of Tibet . The content of the agreement is the assurance of internal political autonomy and religious freedom of Tibet on the part of the People's Republic of China, at the same time the foreign policy representation of Tibet is to be carried out by the People's Republic of China. From the point of view of the Tibetan government in exile , the agreement came about under military pressure as a result of the occupation of the eastern Tibetan province of Qamdo and under threat of further military advance by the Chinese People's Liberation Army and is therefore invalid.
- 1962 : The French general Raoul Salan is sentenced to life imprisonment after escalating violence in the Algerian war as a member of the Organization de l'armée secrète and participating in an attempted coup.
- 1965 : The previous mayor of Vienna, Franz Jonas from the SPÖ , is elected Austrian Federal President with 50.7% against the former Federal Chancellor Alfons Gorbach from the ÖVP .
- 1979 : The former Bundestag President Karl Carstens of the CDU, in the presidential election by the Federal Convention against the SPD politician Annemarie Renger the President elected by the Federal Republic of Germany. From then until 2009, the German Federal President will be elected every five years on this date:
- Election to the German Federal President
1984/89: Richard v. Weizsacker
1994: Roman Herzog
1999: Johannes Rau
2004/09: Horst Köhler
- 1984 : Richard von Weizsäcker (CDU) in the election against Luise Rinser (The Greens).
- 1989 : Richard von Weizsäcker is the only candidate up to now for the only time .
- 1994 : Roman Herzog (CDU) against numerous candidates in the third ballot .
- 1999 : Johannes Rau (SPD) in the second ballot against candidates from the CDU and PDS.
- 2004 : Horst Köhler (CDU) in the election against Gesine Schwan (SPD).
- 2009 : Horst Köhler (CDU) in the first ballot against numerous candidates.
- 1993 : In Cambodia under the supervision of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia ( UNTAC ), the first free elections for over 20 years instead. However, the elections to the Constituent Assembly are boycotted by the Khmer Rouge .
- 1997 : In the presidential elections in Iran , the reformer Hodschatoleslam Seyed Mohammad Chātami is surprisingly elected president with 70% of the vote against the favorite Ali Akbar Nateq Nuri .
- 2008 : The founding charter of the Union of South American Nations is signed by all independent states of South America in the Brazilian capital Brasília . The aim of the agreement is the fight against “inequality, social exclusion, hunger, poverty and insecurity”. Integration comparable to that of the European Union is to be achieved by 2025 . A common currency, parliament and passports are planned.
- 2015 : On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Italy's entry into World War I , the Italian government under Prime Minister Matteo Renzi orders all public buildings to be flagged. The South Tyrolean governor Arno Kompatscher then declared that this would not be obeyed in South Tyrol.
economy
- 1829 : The organ and piano maker Cyrill Demian , together with his sons Karl and Guido, receives a privilege (patent) for the invention of the accordion in Vienna .
- 1842 : The British agricultural chemist John Bennet Lawes files a patent for his process for the production of superphosphate , a fertilizer for agriculture.
- 1923 : Sabena is founded as a Belgian national airline. It emerged from SNETA ( Syndicat national pour l'étude du transport aérien ), the national airline founded in 1919.
- 1995 : In the San Jose Mercury News , the computer manufacturer Sun Microsystems introduces the Java programming language as part of Java technology to the public for the first time.
- 2000 : After a takeover battle on the stock exchange , the merger of the two predecessor banks in Paris resulted in the new credit institute BNP Paribas , one of the largest French banks .
- 2006 : In New York, the new World Trade Center 7 opens with a big concert on the site of the old World Trade Center destroyed by the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 .
science and technology
- 1862 : The German astronomer Eduard Schönfeld is in the constellation Coma Berenices later than NGC 4383 captured spiral galaxy . The galaxy belongs to the Virgo Galaxy Cluster .
Culture
- 1376 : In Florence , the card game is banned by decree.
- 1750 : Il bugiardo ( The Liar ), a three-act comedy by Carlo Goldoni , premieres in Mantua. The third version eventually became a success.
- 1814 : After the opera Leonore by Ludwig van Beethoven was first performed in just two operations with little success, which takes place premiere of the second revision under the name of Fidelio at the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna.
- 1895 : The New York attorney John Bigelow merges the financially troubled Astor and Lenox libraries with the fortune of the late politician Samuel J. Tilden , who ordered from his estate to set up a library in New York City. The result is The New York Public Library , Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations .
- 1912 : The Leipziger Insel Verlag announces the appearance of the Insel-Bücherei, which is still published today , by means of a circular to the German booksellers and an announcement in No. 118 of the Börsenblatt for the German book trade . The first volumes will be delivered on June 2nd.
- 1930 : Georg Wilhelm Pabst's anti-war film Westfront 1918 or Four of the Infantry premieres in Berlin .
- 1971 : The play, which Friedrich Dürrenmatt rewrote to an opera, The Visit of the Old Lady with the Music of Gottfried von Eine has its world premiere at the Vienna State Opera .
- 1984 : The feature film Paris, Texas by German director Wim Wenders with Harry Dean Stanton , Nastassja Kinski and Dean Stockwell in the leading roles is awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival .
society
- 1934 : American gangster couple Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow ( Bonnie and Clyde ) are shot dead by police near Sailes in Bienville Parish , Louisiana.
- 1990 : The last known public mission of Gong , a DDR - Number transmitter is to listen
- 1992 : Italian law enforcement officer Giovanni Falcone dies with his wife and three bodyguards on the A29 motorway when half a ton of explosives are detonated remotely while passing his vehicle. Falcone has started the fight against the Cosa Nostra in Sicily .
- 2000 : The trial of the man begins in Niigata , Japan , who kidnapped a nine-year-old girl in November 1990 and held her captive for over nine years .
religion
- 1555 : The 79-year-old Gian Pietro Carafa is elected Pope to succeed Marcellus II , who died on May 1st, and takes the name Paul IV .
- 1844 : The Bab proclaims to be the promised one of all religions and the harbinger of a greater divine messenger than himself. This date is considered to be the founding date of Babism .
- 1887 : Pope Leo XIII. ends the Kulturkampf in the German Empire . The church accepts, among other things, civil marriage, state school supervision and the political ban on priests.
- 1920 : Pope Benedict XV. provides in its encyclical Pacem, Dei munus pulcherrimum the peace in the center of its viewing and recommended by the First World War, the reconciliation of the opponents. He has a positive attitude towards a League of Nations idea.
Disasters
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Disaster .
Sports
- 1909 : The Jewish football club VAC Budapest gives a guest appearance against the second team of the Vienna Cricket and Football Club . After the game, the head of the club encourages the Jewish players to start their own team. This is considered the impetus for the establishment of SC Hakoah Vienna on September 16.
- 2001 : At the Giuseppe Meazza Stadium in Milan , Bayern Munich beat Valencia FC for the first time in the UEFA Champions League with a 5-4 penalty shoot-out.
- 2001 : The Frenchman Marco Siffredi is the first person to succeed in a snowboard descent from Mount Everest .
- 2009 : VfL Wolfsburg become German football champions for the first time with a 5-1 win against Werder Bremen .
- 2018 : The public prosecutor's office in Frankfurt am Main files charges against Theo Zwanziger , Wolfgang Niersbach and Horst R. Schmidt for tax evasion in the course of possible bribe payments for the 2006 World Cup . She accuses them that with the payment in 2005 the DFB settled a private loan from Robert Louis-Dreyfus to Franz Beckenbauer and later illegally claimed it as a business expense.
Born
Before the 18th century
- 1052 : Philip I , King of France
- 1100 : Song Qinzong , ninth Chinese emperor of the Song dynasty
- 1127 : Uijong , 18th king of the Korean Goryeo Empire
- 1330 : Gongmin Wang , 31st King of the Korean Goryeo Empire
- 1549 : Melchior von Rechenberg , Saxon-Silesian nobleman, governor of the County of Glatz
- 1617 : Elias Ashmole , English scientist, lawyer, alchemist and historian
- 1629 : Wilhelm VI. , Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
- 1641 : Beat Fischer , founder of the post in the old city and republic of Bern
- 1644 : Gabriel Grupello , Flemish sculptor
- 1674 : James Scott, Earl of Dalkeith , Scottish soldier
- 1676 : Johann Bernhard Bach the Elder , German composer
- 1683 : Antoine Pesne , French painter, court painter in Prussia
18th century
- 1707 : Carl von Linné , Swedish botanist and taxonomist
- 1710 : François Gaspard Adam , French Rococo sculptor
- 1711 : Ablay , Kazakh Khan
- 1725 : Robert Bakewell , British farmer and agronomist
- 1730 : August Ferdinand of Prussia , Prussian major general
- 1734 : Franz Anton Mesmer , German doctor, healer and founder of mesmerism
- 1736 : Franz de Paula Karl von Colloredo , Imperial Cabinet and Conference Minister
- 1741 : Andrea Lucchesi , Italian organist and composer
- 1751 : Claude-François Achard , French Romanist and Provençalist
- 1754 : Andrea Appiani , Italian painter
- 1755 : Bernhard Christoph Faust , German doctor, founder of the theory of solar construction
- 1766 : Joseph von Zerboni di Sposetti , Prussian civil servant, publicist, poet and Freemason
- 1772 : Karl Georg Dümge , German historian
- 1782 : Franz Joseph Konstantin Schömann , German legal scholar
- 1789 : Franz Schlik zu Bassano and Weißkirchen , Austrian general
- 1790 : James Pradier , French sculptor
- 1795 : Charles Barry , English architect
19th century
1801-1850
- 1809 : Friedrich Christian Avé-Lallemant , German criminalist, writer and linguist
- 1809 : Hugo von Kirchbach , Prussian general
- 1810 : Margaret Fuller , American writer
- 1819 : Robert Latane Montague , American politician
- 1824 : Ambrose Burnside , American general in the Union Army and politician
- 1826 : Kaspar Eisenkolb , Romanian-German composer
- 1827 : Milton Latham , American politician
- 1829 : Ole Richter , Norwegian lawyer, editor and politician
- 1837 : Anatole Mallet , Swiss engineer
- 1837 : Józef Wieniawski , Polish pianist and composer
- 1838 : Alfred Kirchhoff , German geographer
- 1842 : Emmanuel Gallard-Lépinay , French marine painter
- 1842 : Maria Konopnicka , Polish writer
- 1843 : Justus Brinckmann , German art historian, founder of the Hamburg Museum of Art and Industry
- 1844 : 'Abdul-Baha' , Persian scribe, teacher and leader of the Baha'i
- 1847 : Heinrich Kämchen , German writer
- 1848 : Ernst von Ihne , German architect and court builder
- 1848 : Otto Lilienthal , German pioneer of gliding and muscular power flight
1851-1900
- 1851 : Antoni Stolpe , Polish composer
- 1862 : Hermann Gunkel , German theologian
- 1866 : Gustav Aschaffenburg , German psychiatrist
- 1868 : Harry Graf Kessler , German art collector and museum director, patron, essayist and man of letters, publicist, diplomat and pacifist
- 1871 : Käte Duncker , German educator and politician
- 1872 : Julio Acosta García , President of Costa Rica
- 1873 : Leo Baeck , German rabbi, representative of liberal Judaism
- 1874 : Ludwig Frank , German lawyer and politician
- 1877 : Oktavia Aigner-Rollett , Austrian doctor
- 1879 : Harold Samuel , English pianist and composer
- 1880 : Gustaw Gwozdecki , Polish-French sculptor, painter, graphic artist and art writer
- 1881 : Ludwig Kaas , German theologian and politician
- 1882 : Francesco Alberti , Swiss Roman Catholic clergyman, journalist and politician
- 1883 : Ewald Banse , German geographer and writer
- 1883 : Douglas Fairbanks Sr. , US-American actor
- 1884 : Josef Nadler , German Germanist and literary historian
- 1884 : Ernst Pündter , German actor, theater director, radio play speaker and director, and broadcasting director
- 1886 : Horacio Abadie Santos , Uruguayan politician, lawyer and journalist
- 1886 : Max Herrmann-Neisse , German writer
- 1887 : Albert Thoralf Skolem , Norwegian mathematician, logician and philosopher
- 1889 : Ernst Niekisch , German politician, writer and resistance fighter
- 1890 : Herbert Marshall , British film and stage actor
- 1891 : Pär Lagerkvist , Swedish writer and poet, Nobel Prize winner
- 1891 : Felice Milano , Italian football player
- 1892 : Pichichi , Spanish football player
- 1895 : Caesar von Arx , Swiss playwright
- 1896 : André Bloc , French architect and sculptor
- 1896 : András Kuttik , Hungarian football player and coach
- 1896 : Felix Steiner , German officer and writer
- 1897 : Jimmie Guthrie , British motorcycle racer
- 1897 : Wilhelm Schwinn , German local politician and farmer
- 1898 : Georgios Grivas , Greek Cypriot resistance fighter
- 1898 : Josef Terboven , German politician, Reich Commissioner for Norway
- 1898 : Heinrich Zillich , German writer and poet
- 1899 : Josef Aust , German politician
- 1899 : Jeanne d'Autremont , French chess player
- 1900 : Hans Frank , German lawyer and politician, war criminal
20th century
1901-1925
- 1901 : Harri Bading , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1901 : Semjon Lwowitsch Ginsburg , Russian musicologist
- 1902 : Scott O'Dell , American writer
- 1903 : Charles W. Morris , American semiotic and linguist
- 1903 : Walter Reisch , American screenwriter and film director
- 1908 : John Bardeen , American physicist, Nobel Prize winner
- 1908 : Duncan Black , British economist
- 1908 : Hélène Boucher , French pilot
- 1908 : Annemarie Schwarzenbach , Swiss writer and journalist
- 1909 : Werner Wittig , German cyclist
- 1910 : Scatman Crothers , American singer and actor
- 1910 : Artie Shaw , American musician
- 1911 : Paul Augustin Mayer , German Curia Cardinal
- 1911 : Ernst Voigt , German test pilot for the Wehrmacht
- 1912 : Harry Åhman , Swedish correspondence chess master and chess organizer
- 1912 : Jean Françaix , French composer
- 1913 : Seizō Suzuki , Japanese rose grower
- 1914 : Auguste Anglès , French Romance studies and literary scholar
- 1915 : Clyde E. Wiegand , American physicist, co-discoverer of the anti-proton
- 1916 : Horst Krüger , German general
- 1917 : Edward N. Lorenz , American meteorologist, discoverer of the butterfly effect
- 1918 : Abie Ames , American jazz, blues and boogie woogie pianist
- 1919 : Ruth Fernández , Puerto Rican singer
- 1920 : Annette von Aretin , first TV announcer for Bavarian Radio
- 1921 : James Blish , American science fiction writer
- 1921 : Erwin Grochla , German business economist
- 1921 : Humphrey Lyttelton , British jazz musician
- 1921 : Grigori Naumowitsch Tschuchrai , Soviet film director
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- 1923 : Alicia de Larrocha , Spanish pianist
- 1923 : Frida Poeschke , German murder victim, partner of Shlomo Lewin
- 1924 : Karlheinz Deschner , German writer
- 1924 : Flora Groult , French writer and journalist
- 1924 : Antje Huber , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1925 : Joseph James , American racing car driver
- 1925 : Joshua Lederberg , American geneticist
1926-1950
- 1926 : Horst Flick , German television director
- 1927 : Dieter Hildebrandt , German cabaret artist
- 1927 : Wilhelm Wannemacher , German pedagogue, non-fiction author and writer
- 1928 : Hans Blum , German composer and lyricist, music producer and singer
- 1928 : Rosemary Clooney , American actress, pop and jazz singer
- 1928 : Pauline Julien , Canadian singer and actress
- 1928 : Jesse Thomas , American football player
- 1929 : Ulla Jacobsson , Swedish actress
- 1930 : Friedrich Achleitner , Austrian writer
- 1930 : Richard Anuszkiewicz , American painter and printmaker
- 1931 : Rex Austin , New Zealand politician
- 1931 : Lucian Mureșan , Romanian cardinal
- 1932 : Dino Sani , Brazilian soccer player
- 1932 : Les Spann , American jazz musician
- 1932 : Henning Tolle , German mathematician
- 1933 : Joan Collins , American actress
- 1933 : Ove Fundin , Swedish track athlete
- 1933 : Alberto Natusch Busch , Bolivian military and president
- 1933 : Ceija Stojka , Austrian writer and Lovara Roma artist, Holocaust survivor
- 1934 : Syd Millar , Irish rugby player and official, Chairman of the World Federation
- 1934 : Robert Moog , American inventor of the Moog synthesizer
- 1935 : Susan Cooper , British writer
- 1936 : Ingeborg Hallstein , German opera singer
- 1936 : Charles Kimbrough , American actor and voice actor
- 1937 : Rupert Scholz , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1937 : John Shaw , Australian sailor
- 1938 : Gisela Babel , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1938 : Klaus Dahlen , German actor
- 1938 : Daniel Humair , Swiss jazz drummer
- 1939 : Reinhard Hauff , German director
- 1939 : Marvin Stamm , American jazz trumpeter
- 1939 : Konrad Toenz , Swiss radio journalist
- 1939 : Kent Westberry , American country and rockabilly musician
- 1941 : Otto Andrae , Swiss trumpet and trombone player
- 1941 : Roderik de Man , Dutch composer
- 1942 : Robert G. Bergman , American chemist
- 1942 : Johannes Fried , German historian
- 1942 : José Pastoriza , Argentine football player and coach
- 1943 : Béla Ternovszky , Hungarian animator and director
- 1946 : Don Moye , American jazz drummer, singer and composer
- 1946 : Ernst Schubert , German historian
- 1946 : Ruth Underwood , American percussionist
- 1947 : Richie Beirach , American jazz musician
- 1947 : Jean-Jacques Kravetz , French keyboardist and saxophonist
- 1949 : Carol Barnett , American composer and flautist
- 1949 : Alan García , Peruvian President
- 1950 : William Barr , American politician
- 1950 : Matthias Holtmann , German radio presenter and drummer ( triumvirate )
1951-1975
- 1951 : Anatoly Evgenyevich Karpov , Russian chess player
- 1951 : Alexander Nikiforowitsch Voronin , Soviet-Russian weightlifter, Olympic champion
- 1952 : Deborah Adair , American actress
- 1953 : Marlies Ahlert , German economist
- 1954 : Charytín Goyco , Dominican singer, television presenter and actress
- 1954 : Paolo Olmi , Italian conductor
- 1955 : Nat Adderley Jr. , American arranger, composer and pianist
- 1955 : Josef Saile , German soccer player
- 1956 : Christoph Antweiler , German ethnologist
- 1956 : Ursula Plassnik , Austrian politician and Federal Minister
- 1957 : Patrick Gonin , French racing car driver
- 1958 : Thomas Bestvater , Swiss actor
- 1958 : François Feldman , French singer
- 1958 : Thomas Reiter , German astronaut
- 1958 : Shelly West , American country singer
- 1960 : Linden Ashby , American actor
- 1961 : Daniele Massaro , Italian football player
- 1963 : Gabi Burgstaller , Austrian politician, Governor of Salzburg
- 1964 : Angela Kovács , Swedish actress
- 1964 : Ruth Metzler , Swiss politician, Federal Councilor
- 1965 : Christine Antorini , Danish politician
- 1965 : Tom Tykwer , German film director
- 1966 : Árni Páll Árnason , Icelandic politician
- 1966 : Claudia Christina , German presenter and singer
- 1966 : Ulrich Schuppler , German handball player
- 1967 : Héctor Acosta , Dominican singer and composer
- 1967 : Didier Cottaz , French racing car driver and entrepreneur
- 1967 : Gregor Hübner , German composer, violinist and pianist
- 1967 : Charlie Hunter , American jazz, rock, and fusion guitarist
- 1969 : Laurent Aïello , French car racing driver
- 1969 : Natasha Arthy , Danish director, producer and screenwriter
- 1969 : Cathy Féchoz , French freestyle skier
- 1970 : Didier Ahadsi , Togolese artisan
- 1970 : Jigal Amir , Israeli terrorist
- 1970 : Olivier Couvreur , French racing car driver
- 1970 : Billy Hamill , American speedway driver
- 1972 : Rubens Barrichello , Brazilian Formula 1 racing driver
- 1972 : Wowo Habdank , German actor and speaker
- 1972 : Stephanie Japp , Swiss actress
- 1974 : Jewel , American singer
- 1974 : Mellow Mark , German rap, reggae and soul musician
- 1974 : Manuela Schwesig , German politician, MdL, State and Federal Minister, Prime Minister of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- 1975 : Darcy James Argue , Canadian jazz pianist, composer, arranger and big band leader
- 1975 : Francesc Arnau , Spanish soccer player
- 1975 : Jon Fogarty , American racing car driver
1976-2000
- 1976 : Aris Sas , Austrian singer and actor
- 1977 : Heather Wahlquist , American actress
- 1980 : Theofanis Gekas , Greek football player
- 1981 : Janine Wissler , German politician, MdL
- 1982 : Malene Mortensen , Danish singer
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- 1982 : Adil Shamasdin , Canadian tennis player
- 1983 : Heidi Range , British singer
- 1984 : Hugo Almeida , Portuguese soccer player
- 1984 : Lisa-Marie Woods , Norwegian soccer player
- 1985 : Nicky Adler , German soccer player
- 1985 : Teimuras Beisikowitsch Gabashvili , Russian-Georgian tennis player
- 1985 : Sebastián Fernández , Uruguayan football player
- 1986 : Bastian von Bömches , German actor
- 1986 : Ruben Zadkovich , Australian soccer player
- 1988 : Angelo Ogbonna , Italian football player
- 1989 : Mario Vrančić , German football player
- 1990 : Stephane Assengue , Cameroonian football player
- 1990 : Ricardo dos Santos , Brazilian surfer
- 1990 : Maike Schirmer , German handball player
- 1991 : Jan Artmann , German handball player
- 1991 : Daniel Hemetsberger , Austrian ski racer
- 1991 : Lena Meyer-Landrut , German singer, ESC winner 2010
- 1991 : Côme Ledogar , French racing car driver
- 1993 : Sargis Adamyan , Armenian soccer player
- 1993 : Eseosa Aigbogun , Swiss-Nigerian soccer player
- 1995 : Seo Young-jae , South Korean soccer player
- 1996 : Elias Kolega , Croatian ski racer
- 1997 : Cassandre Beaugrand , French triathlete
- 1997 : Emily Dickson , Canadian biathlete
- 1997 : Alina Reh , German athlete
- 2000 : Greta Bohacek , German child actress
Died
Before the 16th century
- 1067 : Constantine X , Emperor of the Byzantine Empire
- 1124 : Hasan-i Sabbāh , missionary of the Ismailis (assassins)
- 1125 : Heinrich V , Holy Roman Emperor, last ruler of the Salian family
- 1144 : Petronilla , Countess of Holland
- 1203 : Bernhard von Ibbenbüren , Bishop of Paderborn
- 1251 : Berthold V , Count of Andechs-Meran, Archbishop of Kalocsa and Patriarch of Aquileia
- 1304 : Jehannot de Lescurel , Trouvère
- 1331 : Johannes I. Pfefferhard , Bishop of Chur
- 1336 : Wacław von Płock , Duke of Mazovia
- 1369 : Lewis Cherleton , Bishop of Hereford
- 1370 : Toghan Timur , last emperor of the Mongolian Yuan dynasty in China
- 1394 : Johannes Walther , hospital master of the Kreuzherrenkloster in Memmingen
- 1403 : Walram von Thierstein , Herr zu Pfeffingen
- 1423 : Benedict XIII. , Antipope
- 1427 : Rudolf von der Planitz , Bishop of Meißen
- 1450 : Helena Dragaš , Byzantine empress
- 1482 : Mary of York , English princess
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- 1498 : Girolamo Savonarola , Italian Dominican
16th to 18th century
- 1522 : Ashikaga Yoshitane , Japanese Shogun
- 1524 : Ismail I , Iranian Shah, founder of the Safavid dynasty
- 1541 : Urbanus Rhegius , German Lutheran reformer
- 1542 : Gendün Gyatsho , second Dalai Lama
- 1545 : Costanza Farnese , Italian nobleman from Parma, Countess of Santa Fiora
- 1553 : Francesco Donà , 79th Doge of Venice
- 1564 : Amalie von Hirschberg , German abbess of the Hof monastery
- 1568 : Johann von Ligne , Count of Arenberg
- 1568 : Adolf von Nassau , brother of William I of Orange
- 1571 : Joachim Mörlin , German theologian, pastor, reformer and Lutheran bishop of Samland
- 1573 : Anton , Count of Ortenburg
- 1583 : Günther XLI. von Schwarzburg-Arnstadt , German nobleman
- 1621 : Bartholomäus Agricola , German Franciscan minorite
- 1646 : Gottfried Fibig , German legal scholar
- 1648 : Louis Le Nain , French painter
- 1668 : Miguel Gómez de Silva , Governor of Chile
- 1668 : Thomas Teddeman , English admiral
- 1670 : Ferdinando II. De 'Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany
- 1677 : Johann , Count of Nassau-Idstein
- 1691 : Adrien Auzout , French physicist and astronomer
- 1699 : Nikol List , German robber chief
- 1699 : Sheikh Yusuf , Indonesian Muslim and fighter against Dutch colonial rule
- 1700 : Jens Juel , Danish diplomat and politician
- 1701 : Anne Hilarion de Costentin de Tourville , French admiral and marshal
- 1701 : William Kidd , Scottish-American privateer
- 1718 : Jacobus Sackmann , German Protestant theologian
- 1741 : Daniel Mütze , German organ builder
- 1749 : Joachim Wagner , German organ builder
- 1754 : Sophie Eleonore Walther , German writer
- 1778 : Frederik Bernard Albinus , Dutch medic
- 1783 : James Otis Jr. , American lawyer
- 1786 : Moritz Benjowski , Slovak count, adventurer, travel writer and self-proclaimed King of Madagascar
19th century
- 1812 : Louis Dutens , French writer
- 1813 : Géraud Christophe Michel Duroc , French general and diplomat
- 1828 : Heinrich Friedrich Isenflamm , German medic
- 1833 : Richard Skinner , American politician and lawyer, Congressman and Governor of Vermont
- 1834 : Charles Wesley Jr. , English organist and composer
- 1836 : Edward Livingston , US Secretary of State
- 1838 : Jan Willem Janssens , Governor of the Cape Colony and Governor General of the Dutch East Indies
- 1841 : Franz von Baader , German doctor, mining engineer and philosopher
- 1847 : Heinrich Luden , German historian
- 1847 : Friedrich Schmalz , German agricultural scientist
- 1851 : August Wilhelm Francke , Lord Mayor of Magdeburg
- 1852 : Carlo Amati , Italian architect
- 1852 : Georg Jakob Strunz , German musician and composer
- 1856 : Alfred Gustav Friedrich von Domhardt , Prussian landowner
- 1857 : Augustin-Louis Cauchy , French mathematician
- 1868 : Kit Carson , American pioneer and border guard
- 1869 : Alexander O. Anderson , American politician
- 1869 : Apollo Korzeniowski , Polish writer and patriot
- 1871 : Gustave Chaudey , French lawyer and politician
- 1871 : Jarosław Dąbrowski , Polish revolutionary democrat, commander in chief of the Paris Commune
- 1876 : Gideon von Krismanic , Austrian major general
- 1877 : Jonas Breitenstein , Swiss pastor poet
- 1878 : Francisco Júlio de Caldas Aulete , Portuguese politician, didactic, Romanist, Lusitanist and lexicographer
- 1882 : Maria Arndts , German writer
- 1886 : Heinrich Auspitz , Austrian dermatologist
- 1886 : Leopold von Ranke , German historian
- 1887 : Ludvig Mathias Lindeman , Norwegian composer
- 1890 : Louis Artan , Dutch-Belgian painter
- 1891 : Ignace Xavier Joseph Leybach , French composer and organist
- 1893 : Anton von Schmerling , Austrian politician and lawyer
- 1895 : Franz Ernst Neumann , German physicist, is considered one of the founders of theoretical physics
20th century
1901-1950
- 1904 : Karl Christian Andreae , German painter
- 1906 : Henrik Ibsen , Norwegian writer
- 1908 : François Coppée , French writer
- 1911 : Carl August von der Meden , German tennis official
- 1914 : William O'Connell Bradley , American politician
- 1918 : Max Bösenberg , German architect
- 1920 : Svetozar Boroević von Bojna , Austrian military
- 1926 : Hans Koessler , German composer
- 1927 : Wilhelm Ahrens , German mathematician and writer
- 1931 : Luigi Arcangeli , Italian motorcycle and car racer
- 1934 : Bonnie and Clyde , American criminals
- 1937 : Johann Lubinus , German orthopedist
- 1937 : Ivan Prijatelj , Slovenian cultural and literary historian
- 1937 : John D. Rockefeller , American entrepreneur
- 1941 : Herbert Austin , English industrialist and politician
- 1941 : Slavko Osterc , Slovenian composer
- 1942 : Charles Robert Ashbee , British architect
- 1943 : William Aberhart , Canadian politician and preacher
- 1944 : Thomas Curtis , American hurdler, Olympic champion
- 1945 : Hans-Georg von Friedeburg , German Admiral General
- 1945 : Heinrich Himmler , German politician, Reichsführer SS and chief of the German police, war criminal
- 1947 : Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz , Swiss writer, poet, essayist and national poet
1951-2000
- 1953 : Enzo Trossero , Argentine soccer player and coach
- 1955 : Roy E. Ayers , American politician
- 1955 : Gustav Adolf Baumm , German graphic artist, motorcycle designer and racing driver
- 1960 : Julius Buckler , German fighter pilot
- 1960 : Georges Claude , French inventor
- 1961 : Joseph Yerly , Swiss writer of the Franco-Provencal language
- 1965 : Rosina Anselmi , Italian actress
- 1969 : Lejaren Hiller , American photographer and illustrator
- 1970 : Hans Streuli , Swiss politician and Federal Councilor
- 1972 : Denis Nowell Pritt , British lawyer and politician
- 1973 : Alois Podhajsky , Bosnian director of the Spanish Riding School
- 1975 : Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer , German astrophysicist
- 1976 : Gordon Browning , American politician
- 1978 : Bertram Blank , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1981 : Karin Hahn-Hissink , German ethnologist
- 1982 : Ove Karlsson , Swedish football player
- 1985 : Lloyd Glenn , American R&B musician
- 1986 : Sterling Hayden , American actor and writer
- 1989 : Karl Koch , German anarchist and hacker
- 1990 : Giuseppe Santomaso , Italian painter
- 1991 : Manning Clark , Australian historian
- 1991 : Wilhelm Kempff , German pianist and composer
- 1992 : Giovanni Falcone , Italian lawyer, "Mafia hunter"
- 1992 : Atahualpa Yupanqui , Argentine singer, songwriter, guitarist and writer
- 1994 : Radie Britain , American composer
- 1994 : Joe Pass , American jazz guitarist
- 1996 : Dorothy Hyson , American actress and code breaker
- 1996 : Sim Iness , American athlete, Olympic champion
- 1996 : Bernhard Klodt , German soccer player
- 1996 : Peter Pasetti , German actor
- 1997 : James Lee Byars , American artist
- 1999 : Owen Hart , Canadian wrestler
- 2000 : Johannes Irmscher , German classical scholar
- 2000 : Erwin Rehn , German author and resistance fighter
21st century
- 2001 : Ibrahim Abu-Lughod , Palestinian-American political scientist and politician
- 2001 : Harald Bergström , Swedish mathematician
- 2001 : Juan Bruno Tarraza , Cuban pianist and composer
- 2002 : Sam Snead , American golfer
- 2003 : Jean Yanne , French actor and director
- 2004 : Petra Kappert , German professor for Turkish Studies
- 2006 : Philippe Amaury , French publisher
- 2006 : Walter Antoniolli , Austrian constitutional lawyer
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- 2006 : Kazimierz Górski , Polish football player and coach
- 2006 : Werner Jacob , German organist, composer and university professor
- 2007 : Anneliese Fleyenschmidt , German TV announcer and presenter
- 2008 : Heinrich Kwiatkowski , German soccer player
- 2008 : Utah Phillips , American folk singer, poet, and trade unionist
- 2009 : Barbara Rudnik , German actress
- 2010 : Vincent Kinchin , British rail athlete
- 2010 : José Lima , Dominican baseball player
- 2011 : Karel Otčenášek , Czech Archbishop
- 2011 : Fritz Schediwy , German actor
- 2013 : Niño Miguel , Spanish flamenco guitarist
- 2013 : Georges Moustaki , French singer and composer
- 2014 : Andreas Tönnesmann , German art historian and university professor
- 2015 : Anne Meara , American actress and comedian
- 2015 : John Forbes Nash Jr. , American mathematician and Nobel Prize winner
- 2016 : Klaus Seehafer , German author and editor
- 2017 : Roger Moore , British actor
- 2017 : Jerry Perenchio , American entrepreneur and art collector
- 2018 : Luis Posada Carriles , Cuban intelligence officer and opposition activist
- 2019 : Edith Kellnhauser , German nursing scientist
- 2019 : Zlatko Škorić , Yugoslav football goalkeeper and coach
Holidays and memorial days
- Church memorial days
- Girolamo Savonarola , Italian religious, penitential preacher, politician and martyr (Protestant)
- Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen , German missionary in Sumatra (Protestant)
- Saint Desiderius of Vienne , French Bishop (Catholic)
- Michael von Synnada (Michael the Confessor), Bishop of Synnada ( Şuhut ), Byzantine diplomat (Orthodox, Catholic)
- Name days
- Desiderius , Renate , Alma
- State holidays and memorial days
- Germany: Anniversary of the proclamation of the Basic Law
The list of commemorative and action days contains further entries .
Commons : May 23rd - Collection of images, videos and audio files
