1710

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Heads of State · Nekrolog · Music Year

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1710
In the Battle of Saragossa in the War of the Spanish Succession , the anti-king Charles III defeated. of Spain King Philip V
With the siege of Vyborg , the Russian offensive in Finland in the Great Northern War begins .
1710 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1158/59 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1702/03 (New Year 10/11 September)
Bengali solar calendar	1115/16 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2253/54 (southern Buddhism); 2252/53 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	73rd (74th) cycle Year of the Metal Tiger庚寅 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Ox Jahres)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1072/73 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4043/44 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1088/89
Islamic calendar	1121/22 (turn of the year March 1st / 2nd)
Jewish calendar	5470/71 (September 24/25)
Coptic calendar	1426/27 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	885/886
Seleucid era	Babylon: 2020/21 (turn of the year April) Syria: 2021/22 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1766/67 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Great Northern War

• January: The Danish army defeats a smaller Swedish unit near Kristianstad in the Great Northern War .

Engraving of the Battle of Helsingborg

• March 10th : In the battle of Helsingborg the Swedish army under Magnus Stenbock wins a decisive victory over the Danes under the imperial count Rantzau . The Danish army withdraws behind the city walls and on March 15th they leave Helsingborg and Skåne forever.
• March 22nd : The Russian army under Tsar Peter I and Admiral Fyodor Matvejewitsch Apraxin begins the siege of Vyborg , which ends on June 13 with the surrender of the Swedish fortress Vyborg under Colonel Magnus Stiernstrole . The Russian offensive in Finland during the Great Northern War begins.
• April 6th : August II is reappointed King of Poland .

Siege of Riga

• July 4th : Dominium maris baltici : After almost eight months of siege , fortress commander Niels Stromberg hands over the city of Riga to the troops of the Russian general Boris Petrovich Sheremetev .
• July 22 to August 15 : The siege of Pernau ends with the surrender of the Swedish fortress Pernau in what is now Estonia to the Russian army under General Christian Felix Bauer .
• August 8 : The Russian army under Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev occupies the Swedish fortress of Dünamünde without resistance.
• August 18 : The siege of Reval by Russian troops , which will last until September 30, begins.
• September 8 : The garrison of the Swedish fortress of Kexholm , after a two-month siege , reaches out to the Russian army under Major General Roman Bruce .
• September 15 : The garrison of the Swedish fortress Arensburg (Kuressaare, Estonia) on the island of Ösel ( Saaremaa ) surrenders to a Russian command under Colonel Ernshelm.
• September 24th to 27th : The sea ​​battle off the Køge Bay between the Danish-Norwegian fleet under General Admiral Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve and the Swedish fleet under Admiral Hans Wachtmeister sees no winner.
• September 29 : The Russian conquest of Swedish Livonia is completed by Reval's surrender to General Fyodor Matveyevich Apraxin . The treaties for the surrender of Livonia and Estonia are signed. They regulate the conditions for the transfer of power from the former Swedish provinces to Russia.
• November 21 : The Ottoman Empire under Sultan Ahmed III. explained, influenced by the swedish king Karl XII , who had moved there . and the khan of the Crimean Tatars Devlet II Giray , Russia the war. The third Russian Turkish War breaks out. The Russian ambassador Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy , who repeatedly insisted that Charles be expelled, is arrested.

War of the Spanish Succession

Battle of Almenar

• July 27 : The Allies in the War of the Spanish Succession , led by Guido von Starhemberg and James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope , win the Battle of Almenar over the Spanish troops of Philip V.
• August 20 : In the battle of Saragossa , the Allies win again over a Spanish army, which is no longer capable of any appreciable resistance. The Austrian archduke and anti-king Karl III. moves into Zaragoza the next day .
• September 9th : Philip V leaves unprotected Madrid and goes to Valladolid .
• September 28 : Charles III. moves into Madrid.
• November 11th : After French troops entered Spain and harassed the Allies, Karl Madrid had to give up again.
• December 10 : In the Battle of Villaviciosa, the Allies under Guido von Starhemberg suffer a decisive defeat on the Spanish theater of war .

• During Queen Anne's War in North America, British troops captured Port Royal, the capital of the French colony of Acadia on Nova Scotia , and renamed it Annapolis Royal in honor of Queen Anne .

Holy Roman Empire

• January 1st : By decree of the Prussian King Friedrich I , Berlin , Cölln , Friedrichswerder , Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt are united to form the royal capital and residence of Berlin .
• June 2 : Count Albert Anton of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt is by Emperor Joseph I in the Imperial Prince collected. When he dies on December 15th, his son Ludwig Friedrich I succeeds him to the throne.
• August 25th : Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm sets up an investigative commission to investigate financial behavior in the state of Prussia , which is on the verge of bankruptcy . The so-called Three Counts Cabinet , which has ruled since 1702 , consisting of Prime Minister Johann Kasimir Kolb von Wartenberg , Oberhofmarschall August David zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein and Privy Councilor Alexander Hermann von Wartensleben , presented a memorandum on September 23 that is intended to highlight their services. On December 23, however , the finance commission submitted a damning report, whereupon Wittgenstein was arrested on December 29, on the orders of Frederick I, who was completely surprised by the scandal , and brought to the Spandau citadel . Wartenberg has to resign on December 31st , while Wartensleben remains relatively unchallenged and only has to give up the military administration.

Other events in Europe

The first page of the Constitution, Latin version

• Easter: Pylyp Orlyk , the newly elected hetman of the Zaporozhe Cossacks who fled to Bendara in the Ottoman Empire after the defeat at Poltava , issues the so-called Pylyp Orlyk constitution in Latin and Ruthenian . In it, the state powers are separated from the legislative , executive and judicial branches and thus democratic standards were created even before Montesquieu's work, Vom Geist der Gesetz (The Spirit of Laws ). The executive power of the hetman, who is elected by the democratically elected general assembly of the Cossacks, is restricted. This draft is one of the first European constitutions of exemplary importance.
• June: Queen Anne of Great Britain dismisses the Whig cabinet under Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland . With that, the Tories come to power.

• In the run-up to the Toggenburg War, the Toggenburgers, with support from Zurich, occupied the prince-abbot palaces of Lütisburg , Iberg and Schwarzenbach .

Overseas colonies

• December 7th : The Province of Carolina is de facto divided into a Province of North Carolina and a Province of South Carolina by the Lords Proprietor because of disputes over government and administration , although they formally continued to form a single province until 1729 .

• The Dutch leave their holdings in Mauritius . As a result , pirates set themselves on the island.
• The city of New Bern was founded by immigrants from Germany and Switzerland in what is now North Carolina . Significantly involved are Christoph von Graffenried and Franz Ludwig Michel from Bern, as well as John Lawson .

Asia

• around 1710: A descendant of the Scheibanids brings the Fergana Valley under his control and founds the Kokand Khanate here .

economy

Böttger stoneware jug, around 1710

• January 23rd : A decree of Augustus the Strong orders the establishment of the Royal Polish and Electoral Saxon Porcelain Manufactory in Dresden. On June 6, a production facility is set up in the Albrechtsburg in Meißen .
• April 10 : The British Statute of Anne is considered the first modern copyright law . For the first time, the right of the author to his work is formulated therein, which previously lay with the publishers. The powerful Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers is thereby weakened. The protection is limited to 14 years and can be extended once.
• October: After the conquest of Reval by Russia, the German-language Revalsche Post newspaper is closed .

• The British wheelwright Barker starts making carriages.

science and technology

• The Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala was founded under the instigation of the librarian and later Archbishop Erik Benzelius the Younger under the name Collegium curiosorum .
• The creation of the Kangxi dictionary begins in China during the Qing Dynasty .

Culture and society

archeology

The stele of the Nautae Parisiaci

• March 6th : The stele of the Nautae Parisiaci from the Gallo-Roman Lutetia (today's Paris) is discovered.

literature

• The first volume in an extensive collection of Persian fairy tales based on the Arabian Nights is published under the name A Thousand and One Nights . The editor is the French orientalist François Pétis de la Croix . However, the work never achieved the popularity of its model.

Music and theater

→ Main article : Music year 1710

• January 14th : The incidental music The Alchemist by Georg Friedrich Handel for the revival of the play of the same name by Ben Jonson has its world premiere at London's Queen's Theater .
• February 16 : The world premiere of the opera Caio Gracco by Giovanni Battista Bononcini based on a libretto by Silvio Stampiglia takes place at the Hofburg in Vienna.
• March 4th : The baroque opera Berenice and Lucilla by Christoph Graupner based on the libretto by Osiander based on an Italian model by Aurelio Aureli has its world premiere in Darmstadt. Graupner's employer, Landgrave Ernst Ludwig von Hessen-Darmstadt , also contributed an aria to the piece.

Arsinoe , title page of the libretto

• July 26th : The world premiere of the shepherd's play Aurora by Reinhard Keizer takes place at the Theater am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg. In the same year and in the same place, Keiser's Singspiel Arsinoe and his opera Julius Caesar are premiered.

society

• May 13 : On the orders of King Frederick I , the construction of a quarantine house for the impending plague epidemic , the later Charité , begins in front of the Spandowschen Tor in Berlin .

• Princess Anna of Russia marries Friedrich Wilhelm Kettler , Duke of Courland and Semgallia .

religion

• The Aleppo Eparchy is founded.
• Carl Hildebrand von Canstein founds the Canstein Bible Institute in Halle an der Saale , the oldest Bible Society in the world.

Disasters

• The last great plague epidemic is raging in large parts of Europe, and a third of the population is dying in East Prussia. In besieged Reval her fall about 15,000 people died.

Born

First half of the year

• 0January 3 : Richard Gridley , British-American military engineer († 1796 )
• 0January 4th : Giovanni Battista Pergolesi , Italian composer († 1736 )
• 0January 4th : Sophie Christiane Luise von Brandenburg-Bayreuth , Princess of Thurn and Taxis († 1739 )
• 0January 7th : Josef Antonín Sehling , Bohemian composer († 1756 )
• January 22nd : Hans von Ahlefeldt , German privy councilor and bailiff († 1780 )
• January 22nd : Jean Nicolas Jadot de Ville-Issey , Lorraine architect († 1761 )
• January 23 : Jacob Langebek , Danish historian († 1775 )
• January 24th : Karl Joseph Riepp , German organ builder († 1775 )
• January 31 : Johann Christoph Balser , German legal scholar († 1750 )
• February 14 : Peter Ahlwardt , German theologian and philosopher († 1791 )

Louis XV as a child

• February 15 : Louis XV. , King of France († 1774 )
• February 21 : Willem van Haren , Dutch poet and statesman († 1768 )
• February 22 : Anne-Antoinette Champion , French lingerie manufacturer and wife Denis Diderots († 1796 )

• 0March 3 : Johann Siegmund Mörl , German Protestant clergyman († 1791 )
• March 12 : Thomas Arne , British composer († 1778 )
• March 21 : Johann Heinrich Mylius the Younger , German jurist († 1733 )
• March 27 : Joseph Marie Clemens dall 'Abaco , Italian musician and composer († 1805 )

• April 12 : Gaetano Majorano, stage name Caffarelli , Italian soprano castrato († 1783 )
• April 15 : Marie Camargo , French dancer († 1770 )
• April 15 : William Cullen , Scottish medic and chemist († 1790 )
• April 17 : Johann Martin Chladni , German Protestant theologian and historian († 1759 )
• April 17 : Henry David Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan , Scottish nobleman († 1767 )
• April 18 : Friedrich Bogislav von Tauentzien , Prussian general († 1791 )

• 0May 8 : Peter Anton von Verschaffelt , Flemish sculptor and architect († 1793 )
• 0May 8 : Joseph Gregor Winck , German painter and plasterer († 1781 )
• May 14 : Adolf Friedrich , King of Sweden († 1771 )
• May 23 : François Gaspard Balthasar Adam , French Rococo sculptor († 1761 )

• 0June 9 : John Burton , English doctor and antiquarian († 1771 )
• June 14 : Peder Kofod Ancher , Danish legal scholar († 1788 )

Second half of the year

• July 12 : Joachim Erdmann Schmidt , German legal scholar and historian († 1776 )

• August 10 : Luise Dorothea of ​​Saxe-Meiningen , Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg († 1767 )
• August 15 : Johann Friedrich Hähn , German clergyman and teacher († 1789 )
• August 20 : Thomas Simpson , English mathematician († 1761 )
• August 22nd : Johann August Nahl the Elder , German sculptor and plasterer († 1781 )

• 0September 3 : Abraham Trembley , Swiss educator and naturalist († 1784 )
• September 22 : Georg Matthias Bose , German physicist and astronomer († 1761 )
• September 25 : Johann Adam Löw , German Protestant clergyman († 1775 )
• September 29 : Johann Andreas Michael Nagel , German Hebrew and Orientalist († 1788 )
• 00.September: Michael Leuckart , German printer († 1792 )

• October 12 : Jonathan Trumbull senior , American politician († 1785 )
• October 13 : Anna Charlotte Amalie von Nassau-Dietz-Oranien , German nobleman († 1777 )
• October 27 : Joachim Johann Daniel Zimmermann , German theologian and church poet († 1767 )
• October 31 : Johann Ulrich Tresenreuter , German educator, philologist, philosopher and Protestant theologian († 1744 )

• 0November 8 : Sarah Fielding , English writer and translator († 1768 )
• November 21 : Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky , Berlin entrepreneur († 1775 )
• November 21 : Paolo Renier , 119th and penultimate Doge of Venice († 1789 )
• November 22nd : Wilhelm Friedemann Bach , German composer († 1784 )
• November 24th : Johannes Andreas Paravicini , envoy of the Dutch East India Company to Timor († 1771 )

• 0December 1 : Michele Marieschi , Italian painter († 1744 )
• 0December 3 : Siegfried Cäso von Aeminga , German legal scholar († 1768 )
• December 10 : Johann Christian Wentzinger , South German sculptor, painter and architect († 1797 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Johann Wilhelm Arndts , civil servant from the Electorate of Cologne († 1771 )
• Louise Julie de Mailly-Nesle , French noblewoman, mistress of Louis XV. († 1751 )
• Muhammad I. ar-Rashid , Bey of Tunis († 1759 )
• John Parker , British painter († 1765 )
• Anna Maria Theresia von der Recke , German aristocrat and tradesman in the coal and steel industry († 1765 )
• Sayakumane , King of Champasak († 1791 )
• Juliane Auguste Henriette von Winterfeldt , abbess of the Protestant women's monastery, Stift zum Heiligengrabe, Brandenburg († 1790 )

Born around 1710

• Juan Santos Atahualpa , leader of an indigenous uprising in the rainforest areas of the provinces of Tarma and Jauja against the Spaniards († 1755 / 56 )
• Francesca Bertolli , Italian opera singer († 1767 )
• Nicola Conti , Neapolitan composer († 1754 )
• Dow Bär von Mesritsch , Polish rabbi and leader of the Hasidic movement († 1772 )
• Nainsukh , Indian painter († 1778 )

Died

First half of the year

• 0January 1 : William Bruce , Scottish architect (* 1630 )
• January 11th : Anne Dieu-le-Veut , French pirate (* 1661 )
• January 16 : Higashiyama , 113th Tennō of Japan (* 1675 )
• January 19 : Francesco Cupani , Italian doctor, theologian and botanist (* 1657 )

• 0February 7th : Johann Sigismund Küffner , German businessman and councilor (* 1641 )
• 0February 8 : Sebastian Gercken , Mayor of Lübeck (* 1656 )
• February 16 : Esprit Fléchier , French bishop, pulpit speaker and writer (* 1632 )
• February 18 : Robert Atkyns , English lawyer and statesman (* 1620 )
• February 26 : Thomas de Choisy , French officer and engineer and governor of Saarlouis (* 1632 )

• 0March 4th : Louis III. de Bourbon , Prince of Condé, Governor of Burgundy and Bresse (* 1668 )
• March 15 : Gottfried Hammerich , abbot of the Oberzell monastery (* around 1630 )
• March 20 : Johann Joseph von Breuner , Archbishop of Prague (* 1641 )
• March: Peter Koster , German typist and arithmetic master as well as chronicler (* 1640 )

• April 20 : Heinrich Escher , businessman, diplomat and mayor of Zurich (* 1626 )
• April 24th : Manuel de Oms y de Santa Pau , Spanish diplomat and viceroy of Peru (* 1651 )
• April 28th : Thomas Betterton , English actor of the Restoration period (* around 1635 )

• May 10 : Georg Dietrich Leyding , German composer and organist (* 1664 )
• May 13th : Heinrich , Regent of Sachsen-Römhild, Landgrave and Royal Prussian Feldzeugmeister (* 1650 )

• before June 2nd: Gerrit Claesz Pool , Dutch shipbuilder, shipyard master and ship carpenter (* 1651 )
• 0June 6th : Louise de La Vallière , French noblewoman, mistress of Louis XIV (* 1644 )
• 0June 9 : Giovanni Battista Passerini , Italian sculptor (* 1658 )
• June 14 : Johann Friedrich Alberti , German organist and composer (* 1642 )
• June 14th : Raoul-Auger Feuillet , French dancer, ballet master, choreographer, notator and editor of several publications on dance (* 1653/59/60)

Second half of the year

• 0July 3 : Wolf von Lindenau , manor owner and governor (* 1634 )
• 0July 8 : Jean Donneau de Visé , French writer and publicist (* 1638 )
• July 12 : Robert Treat , English colonist, governor of the Colony of Connecticut (* 1622 )
• July 23 : Michael Hoppenhaupt , Danish sculptor (* 1657 )
• July 23 : Samuel Stryk , German lawyer (* 1640 )
• July 25 : Gottfried Kirch , German astronomer and calendar maker (* 1639 )

• 0September 6 : Zacharias Steinel , electoral Evangelical Lutheran theologian and pastor, multiple master's degree (* 1657 )

Ole Romer

• September 19 : Ole Rømer , Danish astronomer (* 1644 )
• September 20 : Margherita Caffi , Italian painter (* around 1650 )
• September 21 : Joseph Werner , Swiss painter (* 1637 )

• 0October 4 : Iver Hvitfeldt , Norwegian-Danish admiral (* 1665 )
• 0October 8th : Georg Benedikt von Ogilvy , Field Marshal General of the Electorate of Scotland of Scottish descent (* 1651 )

• 0November 1 : Michael Kongehl , German lyric poet and playwright (* 1646 )
• November 10 : Karl Theodor Otto zu Salm , imperial prince, imperial field marshal, chief steward and educator of Joseph I (* 1645 )
• November 22nd : Bernardo Pasquini , Italian organist, harpsichordist, conductor and composer (* 1637 )

• 0December 2 : Ferdinand Ignaz Hinterleithner , Austrian lutenist and composer (* around 1659 )
• 0December 2 : Christian Kelch , German-Baltic pastor and chronicler (* 1657 )
• December 16 : Wolfgang Heinrich Adelungk , German educator and writer (* 1649 )
• December 31 : Johann Daniel Arcularius , German logician and Lutheran theologian (* 1650 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Heinrich Charrasky , sculptor from the Electoral Palatinate (* 1656 )
• Giovanni Antonio Fumiani , Venetian painter (* around 1645 )
• René-Antoine Houasse , French painter (* around 1645 )
• Gaspar Sanz , Spanish composer and guitarist (* 1640 )
• Wassili Polikarpowitsch Titow , Russian composer (* around 1650 )

Web links

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