1733

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Heads of State · Nekrolog · Music Year

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1733
The death of King Augustus the Strong leads to the War of the Polish Succession .	In the Electorate of Saxony , his son takes over Friedrich August II. The regency.
The Danish West India Company acquires the island of Saint Croix in the Caribbean from France .
1733 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1181/82 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1725/26 (turn of the year 10/11 September)
Bengali solar calendar	1138/39 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2276/77 (southern Buddhism); 2275/76 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	73rd (74th) cycle Year of the water buffalo癸丑 ( at the beginning of the year water rat 壬子)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1095/96 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4066/67 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1111/12
Islamic calendar	1145/46 (turn of the year 13/14 June)
Jewish calendar	5493/94 (9/10 September)
Coptic calendar	1449/50 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	908/909
Seleucid era	Babylon: 2043/44 (turn of the year April) Syria: 2044/45 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1789/90 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Polish succession dispute

Friedrich August II of Saxony

• February 1 : The death of King Augustus the Strong leads to disputes about succession to the throne, which lead to the War of the Polish Succession that same year . In the Electorate of Saxony , his son takes over Friedrich August II. The regency.

Stanislaus Leszczyński's second choice

• September 12 : A large Confederation of Polish nobles, led by Interrex Cardinal Primate Teodor Andrzej Potocki selected in a Free Choice the returned from exile in France Stanisław I again to the king of Poland .
• October 10 : France declares the Roman-German Emperor Charles VI. and Russia because of the Polish succession dispute the war. The acts of war mainly take place along the Rhine border.

Other events in Europe

• November 7th : Jacques I. thanks officially in favor of his thirteen year old son Honoré III. as Prince of Monaco . Both are at the French court in Versailles at this time. As in the previous year, Honoré's uncle Antoine Grimaldi is reigning in the principality .

European colonies in North America and the Caribbean

• June 13 : The French West India Company sells Saint Croix to the Danish West India Company . The Caribbean island will thus become part of the Danish West Indies . The company generates income from the cultivation of sugar cane and the slave trade .

The Oglethorpe statue in Savannah

• James Oglethorpe , governor of the Georgia colony he founded , reaches Yamacraw Bluff with 114 colonists and founds the city of Savannah on the river of the same name .

Asia

• Thai Sa , ruler of the Siamese kingdom of Ayutthaya , dies. Since he did not appoint the Uparat , his brother Phon, but his son Aphai as his successor, as expected, the Siamese Civil War broke out in 1733 , in which Phon defeated and killed Prince Aphai and all other potential candidates for the throne. He finally ascends the throne under the name Borommakot .

economy

Title page of the ninth edition from 1733

• January 2nd : François Morénas founds the newspaper Le Courier historique, politique, galant et moral in the papal enclave of Avignon and initially publishes it every two weeks. At the end of the year it was already proving to be a great financial success.

• The UK Parliament passes the Molasses Act , which sets tariffs on molasses . The law has little effect as it is being circumvented through massive smuggling .
• John Kay receives a patent for the Flying Shuttle for weaving machines .

science and technology

• February / April: Under the orders of Martin Spangberg and Vitus Bering , the first two detachments of the Second Kamchatka Expedition head east from Saint Petersburg. Another group will follow on August 19th . On behalf of Tsarina Anna, she is to explore Siberia , survey the northern coasts of the Russian Empire and explore sea ​​routes from Okhotsk in eastern Siberia to North America and Japan.

• Charles du Fay differentiates between two types of electrical charges after his research on electricity .
• Chester Moor Hall succeeds in building the first achromatic lens by combining a crown and flint glass lens to avoid chromatic aberration .

Culture

literature

• The Tibetan scholar Dokhar Shabdrung Tshering Wanggyel wrote the Pholhane biography about the general and de facto king of Tibet , Miwang Pholhane Sönam Tobgye .

Music and theater

Georg Friedrich Handel and the Opera of the Nobility

→ Main article : Music year 1733

Argomento of the premiere of Orlando

• January 27 : George Frideric Handel's opera Orlando has its world premiere at the King's Theater in the Haymarket in London. The libretto , whose author is unknown, is based on the epic Orlando furioso by Ludovico Ariosto . Senesino , Anna Maria Strada , Francesca Bertolli and Antonio Montagnana sing the leading roles . The work is a success, but it is canceled after ten performances and not played until the 20th century.
• February 21 : The oratorio Deborah by Georg Friedrich Händel with a libretto by Samuel Humphreys has its world premiere at the King's Theater on the Haymarket in London. The work is popular with the public, but financially only moderately successful.
• June 15 : With the approval of the British Crown Prince Friedrich Ludwig von Hanover , several noble gentlemen meet in open opposition to Handel to found a new opera company, the so-called Opera of the Nobility , whose artistic direction is Nicola Antonio Porpora . Friedrich thus carries the political dispute with his father George II , a supporter of Handel, into the London music scene. A large number of Handel's singers, including Senesino , Antonio Montagnana , Francesca Bertolli and Celeste Gismondi , join the new opera company, only Anna Maria Strada remains loyal to him.
• July 10 : The world premiere of the oratorio Athalia by Georg Friedrich Händel takes place at the Sheldonian Theater in Oxford. The libretto is by Samuel Humphreys . It is inspired by the tragedy of Athalie , the Jean Racine has composed 1,691th
• October 30 : Georg Friedrich Handel's adaptation of Leonardo Vinci's opera Semiramide riconosciuta based on the libretto by Pietro Metastasio is premiered at King's Theater in London's Haymarket. The pasticcio , which Handel had to perform with an almost completely new line-up, was a flop.
• December 4 : Caio Fabbricio , Handel's second pasticcio based on Johann Adolf Hasse 's opera of the same name , is not a success either. Giovanni Carestini and Anna Maria Strada will sing the leading roles in the premiere at the King's Theater.
• December 29th : The Opera of the Nobility opens its season at Lincoln's Inn Fields Theater with the opera Arianna in Nasso by Nicola Antonio Porpora on the libretto by Paolo Antonio Rolli .

Johann Sebastian Bach in Leipzig

Title page of the individual parts of the Missa, which Bach sent to the court in Dresden in 1733

• February 15 to July 2 : Due to regional mourning after the death of Elector Friedrich August I , no music may be performed in the entire Electorate of Saxony . During this time Johann Sebastian Bach composed the Missa in B minor , with which he applied to Friedrich August II for the title of composer at the Hof Capelle .

Prince Elector Friedrich Christian

• September 5th : On the occasion of the birthday of Prince Elector Friedrich Christian , Johann Sebastian Bach conducts the world premiere of his cantata Let us take care, let us watch in Leipzig.

Maria Josepha of Austria

• December 8th : Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata Tönet, you timpani! Sound out trumpets! will be premiered as a congratulatory cantata on the occasion of the birthday of Maria Josepha , Electress of Saxony and Queen of Poland, with the subtitle Dramma per musica in Leipzig.

Further world premieres in Europe

• January 27th : The premiere of the opera Sancio Panza governatore dell'isola Barattaria by Antonio Caldara takes place at the Teatrino di corte in Vienna.
• March 12th : Giuseppe riconosciuto , the libretto for an azione sacra in two parts by Pietro Metastasio is premiered in the Hofburgkapelle in Vienna in the setting by Giuseppe Porsile . According to Charles Burney , Johann Adolph Hasse describes the music in this work as the best he has ever heard.
• August 28 : The premiere of the opera buffa La serva padrona ( The Maid as Mistress) by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi takes place at the Teatro San Bartolomeo in Naples. The libretto is by Gennaro Antonio Federico . The work was originally inserted as a comic interlude between the acts of the opera seria Il prigioner superbo by the same composer.
• October 1st : Jean-Philippe Rameau's first opera Hippolyte et Aricie has its world premiere at the Académie royale de musique in Paris. The libretto is by Abbé Simon-Joseph Pellegrin . The audience for the premiere is divided into two: the conservative Lullysten , who consider Rameau's music to be too modern because it does not correspond to the tradition of Jean-Baptiste Lully , and the so-called Ramists , who consider Rameau's setting to be fantastic.
• November 4th : In Antonio Caldara's setting , Pietro Metastasio's libretto is demofoonte on the occasion of the name day of Emperor Charles VI. first performed in Vienna.
• November 14th : The premiere of the opera Motezuma by Antonio Vivaldi takes place at the Teatro Sant'Angelo in Venice . It remains the only documented performance. The work with the libretto by Girolamo Alvise Giusti is considered lost during the composer's lifetime .

Others

• In Valencia is Muixeranga first mentioned. This year, the city chronicle mentions an amount that is granted to the Dolçaina players for their participation in the festival.

religion

The main building of the monastery

• The Buddhist monastery Manschir Chiid in Dsuunmod on the south side of the Bogd Khan Uul Mountains in Mongolia is founded.

Disasters

• July 15th : The sinking of the Spanish silver fleet off today's Florida Keys is one of the worst shipping accidents of the 18th century.

Drawing of the broken dam after the damage

• December 26th : The break of the newly built dam on the Lower Schalke Pond near Schulenberg in the Upper Harz Mountains and the subsequent tidal wave killed seven people.

Born

January to June

• 0January 1 : Johann Georg Purmann , German educator († 1813 )
• January 17 : Thomas Linley , English musician and stage composer († 1795 )
• January 18 : Engelbert Klüpfel , German Roman Catholic theologian († 1811 )
• January 20 : Johann Friedrich Rehkopf , German clergyman and university professor († 1789 )
• January 22nd : Philipp Carteret , English navigator and explorer († 1796 )
• January 24 : Benjamin Lincoln , American general in the War of Independence († 1810 )
• January 27 : Joseph Adam von Arco , auxiliary bishop in Passau, bishop of Königgrätz and prince-bishop of Seckau († 1802 )

• February 20 : Ahasverus van den Berg , Dutch Reformed theologian and poet († 1807 )
• February 25 : Wilhelm René de l'Homme de Courbière , Prussian general († 1811 )
• February 26 : Christoph Daniel Prätorius , German lawyer and educator († 1810 )
• February 28 : Roman Anton Boos , German sculptor († 1810 )

• 0March 5 : Teruya Kanga Sakugawa , Japanese master of Okinawan martial arts († 1815 )
• 0March 7 : Richard Law , American lawyer and politician († 1806 )
• March 13 : Johann Zoffany , British painter of German origin († 1810 )
• March 17th : Carsten Niebuhr , German-Danish explorer († 1815 )
• March 18 : Friedrich Nicolai , German writer and publisher († 1811 )

Joseph Priestley

• March 24 : Joseph Priestley , British chemist († 1804 )

• 0April 2 : Giacomo Tritto , Italian composer and music teacher († 1824 )
• April 11 : Étienne d'Arnal , French clergyman, engineer and inventor († 1801 )
• April 24 : Albert Philipp Frick , German lawyer and university lecturer († 1798 )
• April 27 : Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter , German botanist and professor of natural history and director of the court gardens in Karlsruhe († 1806 )
• April 29th : Pedro Melo de Portugal y Villena , Spanish officer and colonial administrator, viceroy of the Río de la Plata († 1797 )

• 0May 4 : Jean-Charles de Borda , French mathematician and seaman († 1799 )
• May 28 : Cornelius Hermann von Ayrenhoff , Austrian officer and author († 1819 )
• May 29 : Giovanni Battista Cardinal Caprara , Archbishop of Milan, Apostolic Nuncio in Cologne, Cardinal Legate in Paris and executor of the French Concordat from 1801 († 1810 )
• May 29 : Franz Edmund Weirotter , Austrian painter and etcher († 1771 )

• 0June 6 : Lorenz Pasch the Younger , Swedish painter († 1805 )
• June 12 : Alessandro Longhi , Venetian portrait painter († 1813 )
• June 13 : Johann Jakob Hemmer , German meteorologist, physicist and linguist († 1790 )
• June 20 : Betty Washington , British-American colonist, sister of George Washington († 1797 )
• June 24th : Johann Ernst Basilius Wiedeburg , German physicist, astronomer and mathematician († 1789 )

July to December

• July 13 : Charles of Saxony , Duke of Courland and Semgallia († 1796 )
• July 26 : Johann Matthias Schröckh , Austrian historian and literary scholar († 1808 )

• 0August 6 : Gian Alfonso Oldelli , Swiss Capuchin, university professor and local researcher († 1821 )
• August: Johann Gottfried Malleck , Austrian organ builder († 1798 )

• 0September 2 : Friedrich Wolfgang Reiz , German classical philologist († 1790 )

Wieland's birthplace in Oberholzheim

• 0September 5 : Christoph Martin Wieland , German poet, translator and editor († 1813 )
• September 22nd (baptized): Anton Fils , German composer († 1760 )
• September 24 : Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos , Spanish officer, colonial administrator and viceroy of New Granada and Peru († 1810 )

• October 14 : Charles Joseph de Croix , Austrian field marshal († 1798 )
• October 15 : Christiane Sophie Charlotte von Brandenburg-Kulmbach , Duchess of Saxony-Hildburghausen († 1757 )
• October 19 : Johann Friedrich Hennert , German mathematician and astronomer († 1813 )
• October 20 : Adam Naruszewicz , Polish poet, historiographer, Jesuit and bishop († 1796 )
• October 22 : Johann George von Schütz , Prussian civil servant († 1809 )
• October 24 : Georg Friedrich Seiler , German theologian and university professor († 1807 )

• 0November 5th : Christian Ludwig August von Arnswaldt , electoral-Brunswick-Lüneburg politician († 1815 )
• November 14 : Jean Claude Eléonore Le Michaud d'Arçon , French general and engineer († 1800 )

• 0December 3 : Joseph Brown , American astronomer and professor at Brown University († 1785 )
• 0December 7th : Elizabeth Campbell, 1st Baroness Hamilton of Hameldon , British aristocrat and lady-in-waiting of the Queen Consort Sophie Charlotte of Ireland, Great Britain and Hanover († 1790 )
• 0December 9 : Sebastian Friedrich Trescho , German Protestant theologian († 1804 )
• December 11th : Leopoldine von Sternberg , Princess von und zu Liechtenstein († 1809 )
• December 12 : Christian Friedrich Schwan , German publisher and bookseller († 1815 )
• December 26th : Volkmar Daniel Spörl , German Protestant theologian († 1807 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Anna Lucia De Amicis , Italian soprano († 1816 )
• Luo Ping , Chinese painter († 1799 )

Born around 1733

• 1732/33 : Joseph von Sonnenfels , Austrian writer and administrative reformer († 1817 )

Died

January to April

• 0January 3 : Cyriak Blödner , Württemberg engineer, officer and cartographer (* 1672 )
• January 13 : Alexander von der Schulenburg , lieutenant general and governor of Celle from the Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg and owner of part of the Altenhausen manor (* 1662 )
• January 13th : Anton Sepp , Tyrolean Jesuit missionary in the Jesuit province of Paraguay (* 1655 )
• January 17th : George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington , British Admiral (* 1663 )
• January 22nd : Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke , British politician (* around 1656 )
• January 23 : Hermann Friedrich von Hohenzollern-Hechingen , Imperial Field Marshal General (* 1665 )
• January: Thai Sa , ruler of the Siamese kingdom of Ayutthaya (* 1679 )

• 0February 1 : August the Strong , Elector of Saxony, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (* 1670 )
• 0February 6th : Luise Raugräfin zu Pfalz (* 1661 )
• February 26 : Johann Adam Birkenstock , German violinist and composer (* 1687 )
• February 28 : Ignaz Waibl , Tyrolean wood sculptor and carver (* 1661 )

• 0March 3 : Yves d'Alègre , titular prince of Orange, Marquis de Tourzel and Lord of Montague, Saint-Flour-le-Chatel, of Aurouze and Aubusson, Count of Flageac and Marshal of France (* 1653 )
• 0March 4th : Claude de Forbin , French admiral and diplomat, governor of Bangkok and general of the Siamese army (* 1656 )

Sarah Malcolm with knife after William Hogarth

• 0March 7th : Sarah Malcolm , Irish robbery (* 1710 )
• March 13 : Charlotte Aïssé , Caucasian-French writer (* 1694 )
• March 30th : Paris Francesco Alghisi , Italian composer, organist and conductor (* 1666 )

• 0April 3 : Wenzel Render , Olomouc master stonemason and imperial privileged architect (* 1669 )
• 0April 5 : Johann Heinrich Orth , Mayor of Heilbronn (* 1653 )
• April 10th : Daniel Joseph Mayer von Mayern , Archbishop of Prague (* 1656 )
• April 12 : Christian Meltzer , German pastor and chronicler of the Ore Mountains (* 1655 )
• April 14th : Marguerite Périer , French nun (* 1646 )
• April 19 : Elizabeth Douglas-Hamilton, Countess of Orkney , English nobleman and mistress of King Williams III. (* around 1657 )

May to August

• 0May 1st : Nicolas Coustou , French sculptor (* 1658 )
• 0May 5 : Johann Baptist von Roll , Commander of the Teutonic Order (* 1683 )
• 0May 8 : Bernard Picart , French engraver and book illustrator (* 1673 )
• May 10 : Jacob August Franckenstein , Saxon encyclopaedist, professor and editor (* 1689 )
• May 14 : Kost Hordijenko , ataman of the Zaporozhian Cossacks
• May 18 : Georg Böhm , German composer (* 1661 )
• May 22nd : Jacques Bazin de Bezons, marquis de Bezons , Marshal of France and Governor of Cambrai, State Councilor and Intendant of Languedoc (* 1646 )

• 0June 2 : Christian Petzold , German organist and composer (* 1677 )
• 0June 2 : Johann Adam Wratislaw von Mitrowitz , Bishop of Königgrätz and von Leitmeritz and appointed Archbishop of Prague (* 1677 )
• 0June 6 : Martin Bernigeroth , German engraver (* 1670 )
• June 14 : Katharina Iwanowna , Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (* 1691 )
• June 23 : Johann Jakob Scheuchzer , Swiss doctor and natural scientist (* 1672 )
• June 29 : Johann Heinrich Mylius the Younger , German jurist (* 1710 )

• July 10th : Franziska Sibylla Augusta von Sachsen-Lauenburg , regent of the margraviate Baden-Baden (* 1675 )
• July 12 : Anne-Thérèse de Marguenat de Courcelles , French writer and salonnière (* 1647 )
• July 20 : Johann Christian Joseph , Count Palatine and Duke of Pfalz-Sulzbach and Margrave of Bergen op Zoom, Hereditary Prince of the Electoral Palatinate (* 1700 )
• July 29th : Georg Friedrich Pancug , Mayor of Heilbronn (* 1653 )
• July: Jan van Huchtenburgh , Dutch painter, etcher and draftsman, publisher and art dealer (* 1647 )

• August 14 : William Houstoun , British physician and botanist ( 1695 / 1703 / 1704 )
• August 24th : Jean-Baptiste Moreau , French composer (* 1656 )
• August: Pieter van der Aa , Dutch printer, publisher, bookseller and engraver (* 1659 )

September to December

• September 11th : François Couperin , French organist and composer (* 1668 )
• September 14th : Johann Rigalia the Younger , master mason from Graubünden in the service of the Prince Diocese of Eichstätt (* around 1697 )
• September 26 : Adolf Lefèvre , lawyer and councilor of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (* 1669 )

• 0October 6 : Baldassare Fontana , Ticino sculptor, plasterer and architect (* 1661 )
• October 11 : Christoph I. zu Dohna-Schlodien , Brandenburg-Prussian general and diplomat (* 1665 )
• October 14 : Pietro Pariati , Italian poet and librettist (* 1665 )
• October 16 : Thomas Haresleben , Austrian master stonemason and sculptor, master builder at St. Stephan, head of the Viennese building works (* 1673 )
• October 20 : Pierre Dandrieu , French priest, organist and composer (* 1664 )
• October 23 : Francisco Fernández de la Cueva Enríquez , Spanish colonial administrator, viceroy of New Spain (* 1666 )
• October 24th : Henrietta Churchill, 2nd Duchess of Marlborough , British noblewoman (* 1681 )
• October 26 : Antonio Veracini , Italian violinist and composer (* 1659 )
• October 31 : Eberhard Ludwig , Duke of Württemberg, Field Marshal General of the Holy Roman Empire (* 1676 )

• November 11th : Gabriel Cano de Aponte , Spanish officer, governor of Chile (* 1665 )
• November 15 : Ludwig Christian Crell , German philosopher (* 1671 )
• November 23 : Michelangelo Faggioli , Italian lawyer and composer (* 1666 )
• November 28 : Kaspar Achatius Beck , German lawyer (* 1685 )

• 0December 2 : Gerard Hoet , Dutch painter (* 1648 )
• 0December 4 : Wolfgang Philipp von und zu Guttenberg , German Knight of Malta (* 1647 )
• December 18 : Gaetano Casanova , Italian dancer and actor, alleged father of Giacomo Casanova (* 1697 )
• December 22nd : Johann Georg Becht , Mayor of Heilbronn (* 1661 )
• December 26 : Paul Ignaz Bayer , Bohemian architect and builder (* 1656 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Anton III , Count of Tettnang and Langenargen (* 1670 )
• Ivan Fyodorov , Russian navigator and explorer
• Manuel de Santo António , Bishop of Malacca and Governor of Portuguese Timor (* 1660 )
• Francesco Paolo Masullo , Italian singer and conductor (* 1679 )

Web links

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