1655

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1655
A group of Polish monks succeed the successful defense of Jasna Gora against the attacking Sweden in the Second Northern War .
Christoffer von Gabel receives the Faroe Islands as a fief, and that is where the fork period begins .	English troops under William Penn conquer Jamaica in the Anglo-Spanish War .
1655 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1103/04 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1647/48 (September 11-12)
Bengali solar calendar	1060/61 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2198/99 (southern Buddhism); 2197/98 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	72nd (73rd) cycle Year of the wood sheep乙未 ( at the beginning of the year wood horse 甲午)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1017/18 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3988/89 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1033/34
Islamic calendar	1065/66 (October 30/31)
Jewish calendar	5415/16 (October 1-2)
Coptic calendar	1371/72 (September 11-12)
Malayalam calendar	830/831
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1965/66 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1966/67 (New Year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1711/12 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Anglo-Spanish War

• Oliver Cromwell tries to take advantage of the Franco-Spanish War , which has been going on since 1635 . In Operation Western Design , England plans to conquer the Spanish colonies of Hispaniola and Cuba.
• England begins the Anglo-Spanish War with a naval blockade of Cádiz and an attack on Spain's silver fleet .
• May 10th : Jamaica is conquered by the English, while the planned conquest of Hispaniola and Cuba fails.

Northern, Central and Eastern Europe

Poland 1655

• July 1 : Beginning of the Second Northern War between Poland-Lithuania , Sweden and Russia for supremacy in the Baltic States
• July 3 : In the Russo-Polish War , the Russians take Vilnius .
• October 20 : The Union of Kėdainiai between the Lithuanian aristocrats Janusz Radziwiłł and Bogusław Radziwiłł and the representative of Sweden, Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie , effectively places the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, oppressed by the troops of Russian Tsar Alexei in the east, under the protectorate of the Kingdom of Sweden .
• November 18 to December 27 : The siege of Jasna Góra ends in failure for the attacking Swedes.
• December 29th / 31st : Tyszowce Confederation

• Beginning of fork time in the Faroe Islands

Hungary

Leopold I is coronated as King of Hungary

• Leopold I is crowned King of Hungary .

confederation

• Johann Heinrich Waser , Mayor of Zurich, designed the federal project from 1655 for the Swiss Confederation, which was rejected by the Catholic communities.

American colonies

• The Peach Tree War between Wappinger - Indians from the tribe of the Lenni Lenape and Dutch settlers in the colony Nieuw Nederland starts.

Nya Sverige and Nieuw Nederland

• September: Dutch colonists from Nieuw Nederland under Petrus Stuyvesant conquer Fort Casimir from the Swedes. The Swedish colony Nya Sverige , founded in 1638 , ceases to exist.

economy

Reconstruction of the first beacon

• February 27th : At the southernmost point of Norway the first beacon is lit in the lighthouse Lindesnes fyr . The light from thirty candles behind leaded glass windows on a wooden tower should provide orientation for ships.

• The Waldglashütte am Lakenborn is founded.

science and technology

• March 25th : Christiaan Huygens discovers the Saturn moon Titan with a telescope he and his brother Constantijn made themselves .
• October 14 : The University of Duisburg , founded in the previous year by Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg , begins teaching after a ceremonial opening in the presence of Prince Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen , the governor of the Elector of Brandenburg in the Duchy of Kleve . The university has four faculties: one theological, one legal, one medical and one philosophical and is therefore a fully developed university for the time. The founding rector is the professor of theology and philosophy Johannes Clauberg .

Farfler's construction

• The handicapped Nuremberg watchmaker Stephan Farfler invents the wheelchair .
• The English war and flagship Naseby is built. It is considered to be the prototype of the warship for the next 150 years.

Culture

• November 4th : World premiere of the musical drama L'Argia by Antonio Cesti in Innsbruck

society

• May 27 : Alfonso IV. D'Este , Duke of Modena , marries Laura Martinozzi , a niece of the French minister Jules Mazarin , by procuration .

religion

Alexander VII (painting by Giovanni Battista Gaulli )

• April 7th : After the death of Pope Innocent X on January 7th, the conclave needed almost three months to elect a pope. After a bitter dispute, 63 of the 64 cardinals present finally elect Fabio Chigi as the new Pope . He takes the name Alexander VII and declares himself an opponent of nepotism , a point of view that he adheres to in the first year of his reign.

• The first Festival of the Sons of the Clergy is held in England .

Historical maps and views

Bremen-Verden 1655

Born

First half of the year

• 0January 1 : Christian Thomasius , German lawyer and philosopher († 1728 )
• 0January 6 : Jakob I Bernoulli , Swiss mathematician and physicist († 1705 )
• 0January 6 : Eleonore Magdalene von Pfalz-Neuburg , Empress of the Holy Roman Empire († 1720 )
• January 25 : Cornelius Anckarstjerna , Swedish admiral and baron († 1714 )

• February 15 : August , Duke of Saxony-Merseburg-Zörbig († 1715 )
• February 25 : Carel de Moor , Dutch painter († 1738 )
• February 28 : Johann Beer , Austrian writer and composer († 1700 )

• 0April 8th : Ludwig Wilhelm I , the so-called "Türkenlouis", regent of the county of Baden-Baden († 1707 )

Bartolomeo Cristofori, 1726

• 0May 4th : Bartolomeo Cristofori , Italian musical instrument maker, inventor of the fortepiano († 1731 )
• May 13 : Michelangelo dei Conti, under the name of Innocent XIII. Pope († 1724 )

• June 25 : Rinaldo d'Este , Duke of Modena and Reggio († 1737 )

Second half of the year

• August 21 : Paul Zeiller , Austrian painter († 1738 )
• 23 August : Philippe de Bourbon , Duke of Vendôme, French general and Grand Prior of the Order of Malta in France († 1727 )

• September 29 : Johann Ferdinand von Auersperg , Prince of Auersperg and Duke of Silesia-Münsterberg († 1705 )

• 0October 4 : Lothar Franz von Schönborn , Bishop of the Diocese of Bamberg and Archbishop of the Diocese of Mainz († 1729 )

• November 12 : Francis Nicholson , British colonial governor of various American colonies († 1727 )
• November 16 : Alessandro Gherardini , Italian painter († 1726 )

• 0December 1 : Wolf Christoph Zorn von Plobsheim , German architect († 1721 )
• 0December 3 : Johann Philipp , regent of the county of Isenburg († 1718 )
• 0December 4th : Charles XI. , King of Sweden and Duke of Zweibrücken († 1697 )
• 0December 9 : Georg Thormann , Swiss Protestant clergyman († 1708 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Francesco Antonio Giorgioli , Italian painter († 1725 )

Died

First half of the year

Detail of the tomb for Innocent X in the church of Sant 'Agnese in Rome

• 0January 1 : Frans Banninck Cocq , Regent of Amsterdam (* 1605 )
• 0January 7th : Giovanni Battista Pamphilj, Pope Innocent X from 1644 to 1655 (* 1574 )
• 0January 7th : Laurids Pedersen Thura , Danish orientalist, educator and pastor (* 1598 )
• 0January 8 : Ludwig Philipp von Pfalz-Simmern , administrator of the Palatinate (* 1602 )

• February 21 : Johann von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf , Prince-Bishop of Lübeck (* 1606 )
• February 25 : Daniel Heinsius , scholar of the Dutch Renaissance (* 1580 )
• February 27 : Francesco Molin , 99th Doge of Venice (* 1575 )

• March 12th : Anna Maßmeyer , victim of the witch hunts of the city council of Minden (* 1615 )
• March 28 : Kaspar Friederich , Mayor of St. Gallen (* 1572 )

• 0April 3 : Andrzej Niżankowski , Polish organist and composer (around 1580)
• 0April 6 : David Blondel , French Reformed theologian (* 1590 )
• April 30 : Eustache Le Sueur , French painter (* 1616 )

• 0May 2 : Joachim Andreae , Dutch politician, diplomat and judge (* around 1586 )

• June 26th : Margaret of Savoy , Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat, Spanish viceroy of Portugal (* 1589 )
• June 27 : Anna Katharina Dorothea von Salm-Kyrburg , Duchess of Württemberg (* 1614 )
• June 27 : Eleonora Gonzaga , youngest daughter of Vincenzo I. Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (* 1598 )

Second half of the year

• July 24th : Friedrich von Logau , German Baroque poet (* 1605 )
• July 28 : Cyrano von Bergerac , French writer (* 1619 )

• September 19 : Francisco López de Zúñiga y Meneses , Spanish officer and governor of Chile (* 1599 )

• October 24th : Pierre Gassendi , French philosopher, theologian, mathematician, astronomer and physicist (* 1592 )

• December 11th : Pieter Nuyts , Dutch explorer and governor (* 1598 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Grete Adrian , German farmer and widow, victim of the early modern witch hunt (* around 1610 )
• Pierre de Conty d'Argencour , French fortress builder (* 1575 )
• Hans Herstorffer , master builder for St. Stephan in Vienna
• Sigmund Theophil Gottlieb Staden , German organist, composer, town piper, painter and poet (* 1607 )
• Valentin Wagner , German painter and draftsman (* around 1610 )

Web links

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