Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie
Magnus Gabriel Graf De la Gardie (born October 15, 1622 in Reval , † April 26, 1686 at Venngarn Castle near Sigtuna ) was a Swedish general , statesman , poet and patron.
Life
Magnus Gabriel (from the original Languedoc family De la Gardie , who entered Swedish service in the 16th century) was born as the eldest son of the Swedish field marshal Jakob De la Gardie (governor general of Livonia since 1621 ) and the Ebba Brahe . He studied in Uppsala and then continued his education while traveling. When he appeared at the court of Queen Christine on his return , she showered him with awards and appointed him colonel of the life guard in 1645 . There were rumors that he was her lover.
In 1646 Gardie went to France as envoy , after his return he married the sister of Prince Karl Gustav, Marie Euphrosine von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg, and became a member of the Reichsrat in 1647 , general in 1648, governor general of Livonia in 1649, Reich Marshal in 1651 and Reich Treasurer in 1652. In 1653 he fell out of favor with the queen and had to retreat briefly to his Läckö Castle , which he had magnificently expanded. When his brother-in-law Charles X Gustav became king in 1654, Gardie returned to imperial politics and was appointed governor of Västergötland , and at the end of the year also chancellor of Uppsala University. In 1655 he was again governor general of Livonia and took over the supreme command of the Swedish army in Livonia in the Second Northern War , received the governorate in Zemgale and Lithuania in 1656 and defended Riga against the Russians.
After the king's death in 1660 he became Chancellor and took part in the reign during the minority of Charles XI. part. In foreign policy he advocated the interests of France. Even after Charles XI took the throne. In 1672 he had great influence as an advisor. It wasn't until 1675 that its star began to decline. As a result of the decree of 1680, which allowed the king to confiscate the crown property sold under the previous rulers, he lost most of his possessions and only kept the castles of Venngarn and Höjentorp. He lost the Reich Chancellery and, as Reichsdrost (until 1684) and President of the Svea hovrätt (until 1682), only had representative duties.
family
Gardie's marriage to Marie Euphrosine von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg had three children: Gustaf Adolf (1647–1695), Catharina Charlotta (1654–1697), married to Otto Wilhelm von Königsmarck and Hedvig Ebba (approx. 1659–1700), married to Carl Gustaf Eriksson Oxenstierna .
Cultural work
Gardie loved splendor and art and was known as a patron. Numerous own possessions as Läckö, Venngarn, Mariedal Castle in Skara, Karlsberg Castle , Ulriksdal Palace and the 1,825 spent makalös Palace in Stockholm, he built or expanded, as well as dozens of churches across the country. In the Abbey Church of Varnhem he had a magnificent family mausoleum built, where he is buried.
In 1662 Gardie set up a chair for "Swedish antiquities" at Uppsala University, and in 1666 he initiated the establishment of the antikvitetskollegium , which dealt with the preservation and evaluation of sources from ancient Norse times.
Uppsala owes him - along with numerous other manuscripts - the so-called silver codex of Ulfilas , which the Swedes captured in Prague, but which was considered lost until Gardie found it again in Flanders, bought it for 600 guilders and, after he had it with one silver binding, donated to Uppsala University Library in 1669. The rich collection of manuscripts, which was formerly kept on the estate of the Gardie family in Löberöd in Skåne, is now kept in the Lund University Library.
In the last years of his life, Gardie composed several sacred songs, one of which is still printed in the current Swedish hymn book from 1986 (No. 621).
literature
- Johann Friedrich von Recke , Karl Eduard Napiersky , Theodor Beise : General Lexicon of Writers and Scholars of the Provinces of Livonia, Esthland and Courland , Volume 2, Mitau 1829, pp. 10-11
- Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie . In: Herman Hofberg, Frithiof Heurlin, Viktor Millqvist, Olof Rubenson (eds.): Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon . 2nd Edition. tape 1 : A-K . Albert Bonniers Verlag, Stockholm 1906, p. 230 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
- Isak Collijn : Catalog of the ornament engraving collection of Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie in the Kgl. Stockholm Library. Kgl. Library, Stockholm / Uppsala 1933
- Arne Losman: Three Swedish book collectors of the 17th century: Per Brahe the Elder. J., Carl Gustaf Wrangel and Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie . In: Dieter Lohmeier (ed.): Arte et marte: Studies on the aristocratic culture of the Baroque age in Sweden, Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein . Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1978, ISBN 3-529-03113-5 , pp. 159-172.
- Gunda Magnusson: Magnus Gabriel . Timbro, [Stockholm] 1993, ISBN 91-7566-262-0
Web links
- Literature by and about Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie in the catalog of the German National Library
- Publications by and about Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie in VD 17 .
- Archive material about Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie in Sweden
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lars Ljungström: Magnus Gabriel De la Gardies Venngarn: herresätet som byggnadsverk och spegelbild . Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 2004
- ↑ Peter Wieselgren : DelaGardiska archivet eller handlingar ur Grefl. DelaGardiska library på Löberöd , vol. 1-20. Lund 1831-1843
- ↑ Lund University Library inventory (pdf); Inventory (digital) .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | De la Gardie, Magnus Gabriel |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | De La Gardie, Magnus Gabriel Graf (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swedish general and statesman |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 15, 1622 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Reval |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 26, 1686 |
| Place of death | Sigtuna |