1654

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1654
In Delft , the Netherlands , 1,200 people died in the Delft Clap , the explosion of a powder storage facility.
Under Duke Jacob Kettler begins on Tobago the Courland colonization of the Americas .	Bremen and Sweden conclude the Erste Stader settlement .
1654 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1102/03 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1646/47 (September 10-11)
Bengali solar calendar	1059/60 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2197/98 (southern Buddhism); 2196/97 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	72nd (73rd) cycle Year of the wood horse甲午 ( at the beginning of the year water snake 癸巳)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1016/17 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3987/88 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1032/33
Islamic calendar	1064/65 (November 10-11)
Jewish calendar	5414/15 (September 11-12)
Coptic calendar	1370/71 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	829/830
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1964/65 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1965/66 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1710/11 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Poland / Russia

• January 19 : The Zaporozhye Cossacks , who since 1648 by the Khmelnytsky Uprising , the Polish looking to end domination in Ukraine, subordinate to the Treaty of Pereyaslav Russian their country Czar .

• The Russo-Polish War begins when Tsarism Russia comes to the aid of the Zaporozhian Cossacks in Ukraine , who have been fighting against Polish supremacy for six years , as a result of the alliance of Perejaslav . The war, which took place almost exclusively on the territory of Poland-Lithuania for its entire duration up to 1667 , was extremely changeable.

First Bremen-Swedish War

• March 11 to September 15 : The Kingdom of Sweden and the Hanseatic City of Bremen wage the First Bremen-Swedish War for dominance in the area of ​​the Duchy of Bremen-Verden and for the status of Bremen as a free imperial city .

Charles X. Gustav

• June 16 : Queen Christina of Sweden abdicates in favor of her cousin Karl X. Gustav . The reason for the renunciation of the throne is the queen's sympathy for the Catholic faith that is being opposed in Sweden .
• November 28 : In Stade , the administrative seat of the Duchy of Bremen , the First Stade Settlement between Sweden and Bremen is concluded regarding the end of the First Bremen-Swedish War . The parish of Lehe and the lordship of Bederkesa remain with Sweden. Blumenthal and Vegesack remain in Bremen, but Bremen must hand over the sovereign rights to Sweden. Sweden continues to recognize the imperial immediacy of Bremen, which means that the imperial estate of Bremen remains open and Bremen has to pay homage to the Swedish crown . This homage takes place on December 6th .

Other events in the Holy Roman Empire

• May 17th : The adoption of the Reichstag in Regensburg in 1653/54, which under Emperor Ferdinand III. first met after the Thirty Years' War , goes down in history as the Last Reichs Farewell .

• In the House of Hesse , the Regensburg Treaty between the ruling Landgrave Wilhelm VI. von Hessen-Kassel and his uncle Ernst I von Hessen-Rheinfels from the branch line Hessen-Rotenburg closed. Ernst converted to the Roman Catholic faith in 1652 , and the treaty is intended to ensure the Hesse-Kassel sovereignty and church power in Ernst's Mediat-Landgraviate, the former Lower County of Katzenelnbogen .

Western Europe

• April 5 : The First Anglo-Dutch War ends with the Peace of Westminster . The act of seclusion is included in the contract as a secret clause .
• June 7th : King Louis XIV of France is anointed and crowned in Reims cathedral after the suppression of the Fronde rebellions as a visible sign of the restoration of the old order .

Caribbean

• May 20th : The Duchy of Courland and Semgallia establishes a colony on the Caribbean island of Tobago .

economy

• A post road is being built between Berlin and Hamburg on a former pilgrimage route.

science and technology

Magdeburg hemispheres

• The effects of air pressure and vacuum are demonstrated to the Regensburg Reichstag by Otto von Guericke through the " Magdeburg hemispheres ".
• July 29 : Beginning of the correspondence between Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat on the problem of division , which is considered to be the birth of stochastics .
• October 14 : The University of Duisburg is officially opened.
• December 15th : In Florence the regular measurement and recording of the air temperature begins.

• The English economist William Petty is commissioned to record all of Ireland in a cadastre . He starts with the down survey .
• Joan Blaeu publishes the first atlas of Scotland.

• Blaeus Atlas of Scotland - Excerpt
• 

  1. INSULAE ALBION ET HIBERNIA

• 

  2. SCOTIA ANTIQUA

• 

  3. SCOTIA REGNUM

Culture

Andreas Gryphius, copper engraving by Philipp Kilian

• August 24th : Due to a severe storm on this day, the lyric poet Andreas Gryphius composes his sonnet On the cruel storm .

Portrait of Jan Six

• Rembrandt van Rijn : Portrait of Jan Six

religion

• April 14 : The foundation stone for the Hartberg Capuchin Monastery is laid.

Disasters

• October 12 : In the explosion of a powder storage facility in Delft , the Netherlands, later known as the Delft Thunder Clap , 1,200 people are believed to be killed and thousands injured. The city is devastated, around 500 houses are badly damaged.

Historical maps and views

Sempach 1654

Eglisau 1654

Born

First half of the year

• 0February 1 : Johann Andreas Danz , German Lutheran theologian and orientalist († 1727 )
• 0February 3 : Matthias Pussjäger , South Tyrolean painter († 1734 )

• March 11 : Heinrich Georg Neuss , German hymn poet († 1716 )
• March 16 : Andreas Acoluthus , German orientalist and linguist († 1704 )
• March 18 : Catharina Charlotte de la Gardie , wife of Otto Wilhelm Graf von Königsmarck († 1697 )

• April 23 : Heinrich Christoph Fehling , Dresden painter († 1725 )

• 0May 3 : Jacques Abbadie , French theologian and writer († 1727 )
• 0May 4 : Kangxi , Emperor of China († 1722 )
• 0May 8 : Johann von Besser , German poet († 1729 )
• May 13 : Thomas Lennard, 1st Earl of Sussex , English nobleman and politician († 1715 )
• May 18 : Ernst Glück , German theologian and Bible translator († 1705 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 1 : Louis II. Joseph de Bourbon , Duke of Vendôme, French marshal († 1712 )
• 0July 9 : Reigen , 112th Tennō of Japan († 1732 )
• July 24 : Michael Förtsch , German Lutheran theologian († 1724 )

• September 30th : Heinrich Rüdiger von Ilgen , Brandenburg-Prussian State Minister and diplomat († 1728 )
• September: Vincent Lübeck , German Baroque composer († 1740 )
• 0November 9 : Christoph Weigel the Elder , German engraver, art dealer and publisher († 1725 )
• November 20 (baptism): Johann Philipp Bendeler , German organist and organ theorist († 1709 )
• November 21 : Gottlob Friedrich Seligmann , German Lutheran theologian († 1707 )
• November 27 : Friedrich Rudolf Ludwig von Canitz , diplomat and German writer († 1699 )

• December 15 : Johann Theodor Jablonski , German pedagogue and lexicographer († 1731 )
• December 24th : Andreas Gärtner (Sorbian Handrij Zahrodnik ), electoral Saxon model master, scientist and inventor († 1727 )
• December 29 : Christian Heinrich Aschenbrenner , German composer and violinist († 1732 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Reichardt Fux , Austrian stonemason and sculptor († 1699 )
• Pier Francesco Tosi , Italian singer, composer and author († 1732 )

Died

First half of the year

• 0January 3 : Matsunaga Teitoku , Japanese poet and scholar (* 1571 )
• 0January 8 : Johannes Hildbrand , Mayor of St. Gallen and Mint Master (* 1580 )
• January 27 : Mathias Lorentisch , Italian master stonemason and sculptor (* 1580 )

• February 17th : Michael Lohr , German composer (* 1591 )

• 0March 6 : Sebastian Beck , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor (* 1583 )
• 0March 9 : Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Leiva , Spanish officer and colonial administrator, Viceroy of Galicia and Viceroy of Peru (* 1585 )
• March 24th : Samuel Scheidt , German composer (* 1587 )

• April 19 : Matei Basarab , voivode of Wallachia (* between 1579 and 1588 )
• April 19 : Ottilia Preussing , victim of the witch hunt in Homburg vor der Höhe

• June 10 : Alessandro Algardi , Italian sculptor and builder (* 1598 )
• June 27 : Johann Valentin Andreae , German writer (* 1586 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 9 : Ferdinand IV , King of the Holy Roman Empire, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary (* 1633 )
• July 10 : İslâm III. Giray , Khan of the Crimean Khanate (* 1604 )
• July 14th : William Forbes , Scottish soldier and mercenary in Swedish service (* 1614 )

• August 25 : Maria Schnökel , victim of the witch hunt in Rinteln (* around 1600 )
• August 28 : Axel Oxenstierna , Swedish Chancellor (* 1583 )

• 0September 6th : Christian I , Count Palatine of Bischweiler (* 1598 )
• 0September 8 : Petrus Claver , Spanish Jesuit, missionary and priest (* 1580 )
• September 15 : Cornelis Bicker , Regent and Mayor of Amsterdam (* 1592 )
• September 27 : Louis de Lorraine , Duke of Joyeuse (* 1622 )

• October 12 : Carel Fabritius , Dutch painter and important pupil of Rembrandt van Rijn (* 1622 )
• October 30 : Go-Kōmyō , 110th Japanese Tennō (* 1633 )

• November 30th : John Selden , English polymath (* 1584 )

• December 25th : Anton Matthäus jun. , German legal scholar (* 1601 )
• December 27 : Theodor Zwinger , pastor and professor of theology (* 1597 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Francisco Correa de Arauxo , Andalusian organist and composer (* 1584 )
• Jacob Ørn , Danish musician and composer (date of birth unknown)

Web links

Commons : 1654  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files