Last Reich farewell

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Perpetual Reichstag

The youngest Recess ( Latin recessus imperil novissimus ) was the final document of the Regensburg Diet of 1653/1654 and the last Recess of the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire . The following Reichstag, which was called the Perpetual Reichstag , has not been formally ended since 1663 and its resolutions could therefore not be worked out as a Reichs farewell.

Course of the Reichstag

Gate of honor for Emperor Ferdinand

The aim of the Reichstag was to discuss the points that remained open during the negotiations on the Peace of Westphalia . According to the provisions of the Peace of Westphalia, the Reichstag should have opened on October 18, 1649. In fact, however, it was not advertised until the end of October 1652. Emperor Ferdinand III. went himself to the Reichstag and sat there until its end on May 17, 1654. Although the questions to be discussed did not require his presence, Ferdinand's advisors supported this, as he could have prevented the blocking of the Reichstag in procedural questions and intervened as a mediator. Ferdinand rode into the city of Regensburg on December 12, 1652 through a stylish gate of honor. Most of the imperial estates were only represented by envoys.

As expected, there were disputes in outwardly secondary procedural issues, such as B. the composition of the Reich Deputations and the question of majority voting on tax issues. However, these externals had meanwhile been raised to questions of principle. After Ferdinand was able to assert himself on the question of the deputations with the help of the electors, he prevented a defeat on the second question by ending the Reichstag. The Reichstag was officially suspended, however, and was to be continued two years later. However, this did not take place until the Reichstag in 1663, which then culminated in the Perpetual Reichstag.

Participant of the Reichstag

The official announcement with the baroque title “Actual demolition of the Reichstag Solennitet, so the 13th = 23rd. Juny Anno 1653, in RegensPurg in the usual large Rhathauß-Saal, at the opening of the Kajser proposition was employed and held. "Lists the following participants:

  • Direction: Your Röm: Kayserl: Mayest.
  • Electors:
    • Chur Maintz, Mr. Johann Philipp Ertz Bishop of Maintz,
    • Chur Trier, Mr. Carl Caspar Ertz Bishop of Trier,
    • Chur Cölln, Mr Frantz Egon Graf zu Fürstenberg's envoy,
    • Chur Saxony, envoy Mr. Heinrich von Friesen the disciples,
    • Chur Bayrn, Envoy Mr. Maximilian Willibald Graf zu WolffsEck,
    • Chur Pfaltz, Mr. Carl Ludwig Pfalzgraf near Rhine,
    • Chur Brandenburg, envoy Mr. Johann Friedrich von Blumenthal.
  • Spiritual princes:
    • Because of Austria, Herr Georg Achatius, Count and Herr zu Losenstein.
    • Because of Burgundy, H. Aurelius Augustinus de Malinez.
    • Because of Saltzburg, H. Johann Baptista Graf zu Ladron.
    • Because of Speyer, your Prince. Grace, H. Lotharius Friederich, Bishop of Speyer.
    • Your Prince Grace, H. Dieterich Adolph, Bishop of Paderborn.
    • Your Prince Gnaden, H. Frantz Wilhelm, Bishop of Regenspurg and Oßnabrück.
    • Your Prince Grace, H. Christoph Bernhard, Bishop of Münster.
    • Your Prince Grace, H. Joachim, Abbot of Fulda.
    • Your Prince Gnaden, H. Wilhelm, Administrator zu Stabel.
    • Because of Bisantz, H. Franciscus del Jhola, H. zu Thil.
    • Because of Teutschmeister, H. Georg Wilhelm von Elckerhausen called Klüpl.
    • Because of Bamberg, H. Cornelius Gobelius, L.
    • Because of Würtzburg, H. Wilhelm Sebastian Mehl.
    • Because of the Strasbourg monastery, H. Johann von Giffen.
    • Because of Costantz, H. Leonhard Pappus.
    • Because of Hildesheimb, H. Johann Godtfried von Hörde.
    • Because of Freysing, H. Johann Georg Freyh. from Puch.
    • Because of Passau, H. Johann Georg Graff von Herberstein.
    • Because of Basel, H. Nicolaus Wilhelm von Reinach.
    • Because of Liège, H. Peter Buschmann.
  • The Secular Donor's envoy sat on the bench when he was
    • Because of Magdeburg, H. Friedrich Ulrich von Hagen, otherwise called Geist.
    • H. Johann Grull
    • Because of the Lübeck Foundation, H. Christianus Cassius, JC
  • Secular princes:
    • Your Prince Passed through H. Ludwig Philipps, Pfaltzgraf near Rhine.
    • Your Prince Passed through H. Philipps Wilhelm, Pfaltzgarf bey Rhein.
    • Your Prince Passed through H. Eberhard, Duke of Würtenberg.
    • Your Prince Gn. H. Landgrave Georg of Hesse-Darmstadt.
    • Your Prince Gn. H. Wilhelm Marggraff zu Baaden, so on behalf of your Mayest. does the lecture
    • Because of Bavaria, H. Hermann Egon, Graff zu Fürstenberg.
    • Because of Pfalz-Lautern, H. Johann Paul von Gemingen.
    • Because of Pfaltz-Simmern, H. Arnold Prill, D.
    • Because of Bremen and Verden, H. Friedrich Bohl.
    • Because of Pfaltz-Zweybrück, Jonas Meisterlin, D.
    • Because of Pfaltz-Lautereck, H. Johann Conrad Vahrenbühler from and to Hemmingen.
    • Because of Saxony-Altenburg, H. Augustus Carpzovius, D.
    • Because of Saxe-Coburg, H. Johann Thomas, D.
    • Because of Saxe-Weimar, H. Zacharias Pruschenck von Lindenhoffen.
    • Because of Saxe-Gotha, H. Georg Achatius Heher, D.
    • Because of Saxony-Eisenach, H. Wilhelm Schröder, D.
    • Because of Brandenburg-Culmbach, H. Johann Georg Hofer von Lobenstein.
    • Because of Brandenburg-Onoltzbach, H. Tobias Appold, D.
    • Because of Braunschweig-Wolffenbütel, H. Johann Schwartzkopf, D.
    • Because of Braunschweig-Zell and Grubenhagen, H. Heinrich Dieterich, D.
    • Because of Braunschweig-Callnberg, H. Heinrich Speyermann, D.
    • Because of Pomerania, H. Matthias Beerenklau
    • Chur Brandenburg because of Hinter-Pommern, H. Johann Portman, D.
    • Because of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, H. Balthasar von Rieben.
    • Because of Mecklenburg-Gustrau, H. Daniel Nicolaj, D.
    • Because of Hessen-Cassel, H. Adolph Wilhelm von Krosieg.
    • Because of Leuchtenberg, H. Johann Ernst, D.
    • Because of Anhalt, H. Martinus Milagius, Cantzler.
    • Because of Henneberg, H. Johann Ernst Pistorius zu Seuselitz.
    • Because of Arenberg, H. Jacob Christoff Rassler, D.
    • Wetterauisch Directorium
    • Swabian Directorate
    • Franconian Directory

Content of the farewell

The last Reichs Farewell contained two important imperial political decisions. First, in parting, the entire resolutions of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 including the additions to the Nuremberg Execution Day of 1650 were literally repeated and referred to as a perpetual guideline and perpetual norma iudicandi (legal norm). According to the resolutions of the Reichstag, the stipulations of the Peace of Westphalia should therefore belong to the written parts of the imperial constitution . Accordingly, a large part of the legal literature up until the end of the empire in 1806 was devoted to the analysis and interpretation of the treaty.

Second, the Last Reichs Farewell contains an extensive amendment to the order of the Reich Chamber of Justice from 1555. This amendment is considered to be one of the most important procedural laws of the Old Kingdom.

In addition, other regulations were made on the consequences of the Thirty Years' War , such as an amendment to civil law that allowed the ordinary courts to grant a moratorium on payments for interest and capital. In addition, three quarters of the accrued interest was completely canceled.

One of the points from the Peace of Westphalia that remained open after Regensburg was the final settlement of the Jülich-Klevian succession dispute . This could only be settled by the treaties of Duisburg (1666) and Cölln (1672) prepared by Dorsten .

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Youngest Reichs Farewell  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Picture and explanation from The German Historical Institute , accessed on February 3, 2019.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Emperor Ferdinand III.
  2. ^ Johann Philipp von Schönborn, Archbishop of Mainz 1647–1673, Bishop of Würzburg 1642–1673.
  3. ^ Karl Kaspar von der Leyen, Archbishop of Trier 1652–1676.
  4. ^ Franz Egon von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (born April 10, 1626 in Heiligenberg; † April 1, 1682 in Cologne) was Bishop of Strasbourg, abbot of Murbach Monastery (from 1663 to 1682) and Prime Minister of Cologne.
  5. ↑ Heinrich von Friesen († 1689) brought the imperial baron status to the family and his grandson Julius Heinrich Freiherr von Friesen was raised to the imperial count. Julius Heinrich died in 1706 as an imperial field marshal.
  6. ^ Maximilian Willibald Count Waldburg-Wolfsegg-Waldsee (ruled 1637–1667), Bavarian delegate to the peace conference in Münster in 1648 (Westphalian Peace).
  7. ↑ Karl I. Ludwig (born December 22, 1617 in Heidelberg; † August 28, 1680 near Edingen) was from 1649 until his death the Count Palatine of the Rhine, i.e. Elector Palatinate. Karl Ludwig was the son of the "Winter King" Friedrich V and Elisabeth Stuart.
  8. ↑ Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal (1607–1657), was a statesman in Brandenburg and then in the imperial service. After his return to the Brandenburg service, he temporarily held a leading political role as a champion of Brandenburg-Imperial cooperation before he was overthrown.
  9. ^ Lower Austrian Land Marshal Georg Achaz Graf von Losenstein zu Losensteinleithen and Gschwendt (1597–1653), married in third marriage to Franziska, born Countess von Mansfeld-Vorderort.
  10. ↑ Aurèle Augustin van Maele called Malinez (or Malineus) (1592–1662), Lord of Saintes in Hainaut, citizen-lieutenant of the city of Ghent, Ordinary Council of the Council of Brabant, President of the Council of Flanders, Envoy extraordinary to Emperor Ferdinand III . and to the Reichstag in Regensburg, First Council in the Supreme Council of State in Madrid.
  11. ↑ As a representative of Paris Count zu Lodron, Archbishop of Salzburg 1619–1653 in the year of his death. The lasting anchoring of the Lodrons in the German-speaking area goes back to Paris von Lodron, who as Prince-Bishop of Salzburg secured possessions and positions for his family. So he set up a Fideikommiss, ie an inalienable property (primogeniture and secundogenitur) for his brother Christoph and his first-born son as well as for the brother's second-born son; in particular, Lodron Castle in Gmünd belonged to the Primogenitur Entity Commission and was associated with the Hereditary Land Marshal's Office in Salzburg.
  12. ^ Lothar Friedrich von Metternich, Bishop of Speyer 1652–1675.
  13. ^ Theodor Adolf von der Recke, Bishop of Paderborn 1650–1661.
  14. ^ Franz Wilhelm Graf von Wartenberg, Bishop of Regensburg 1649–1661, Bishop of Osnabrück 1625–1634 and 1648–1661.
  15. ^ Bernhard Christoph von Galen, Bishop of Münster 1650–1678.
  16. ^ Joachim von Gravenegg, Prince Abbot of Fulda 1644–1671.
  17. ^ Wilhelm II Duke of Bavaria, Prince Abbot of Stablo and Malmedy 1650–1657.
  18. ↑ Le Thil, Herrschaft im Vexin, raised to margraviate in 1655, owned by the Jubert family.
  19. ↑ Elkerhausen Castle, also known as Elkerhausen Castle, is a moated castle in the "Weinbachtal" on the "Weinbach" in the Elkerhausen district of Weinbach in the Limburg-Weilburg district in Hesse. It was the ancestral seat of the knight family von Elkerhausen, which was first mentioned in a document in 1191 and died out in 1725.
  20. ^ Sedis vacancy in Bamberg (Melchior Otto Voit von Salzburg 1642–1653; Philipp Valentin Voit von Rieneck 1653–1672). Cornelius Göbel should not be confused with the son of his brother Hubert and Maria Külwer from Eller, Cornelius Göbel (1611–1654), bishop, privy councilor and cathedral syndic in Bamberg, envoy to the Peace of Westphalia.
  21. ^ Johann Philipp von Schönborn, Archbishop of Mainz 1647–1673, Bishop of Würzburg 1642–1673, represented by WSM, Minister of the Electorate of Mainz at the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire in Regensburg.
  22. ↑ Johannes von Giffen; Consiliarius of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (Bishop of Strasbourg 1626–1662), Iudex provincialis in the Diocese of Passau, Praefectus von Schirmeck, envoy of the Teutonic Order, the dioceses of Strasbourg, Halberstadt and Passau as well as the Landgrave in Alsace at the Peace Congress in 1648.
  23. ^ Leonhard Pappus von Tratzberg (1607–1677), dean of the cathedral of Constance and canon of Augsburg, appointed imperial resident at the papal court, vicar general of the imperial army, administrator of the Feldkirch rule.
  24. ↑ Hoerde (also Hörde) is the name of a noble family that comes from the ancient nobility of Westphalia and is not related to the Thuringian family of the same name. The headquarters of Hörder Burg, located in Hörde, in the Sauerland region of Cologne, was first mentioned in 1198. Parts of the family later lived in the Hildesheim, Paderborn and Münster monasteries. In the 1640s, the cathedral capitulars Johann Gottfried and Georg von Hörde owned the Eringerfeld house (Geseke, Soest district) and appointed their nephew Friedrich Ferdinand von Hörde as their heir.
  25. ^ Johann Georg Pucher von Meggenhausen (* January 6, 1602; † 1664 or after 1680; [1] also Johann Georg Pucher or Puecher) was an imperial court official in Vienna. He served the three emperors Ferdinand II, son Ferdinand III. and grandson Leopold I.
  26. ↑ Johann Georg von Herberstein (born August 19, 1591 in Salzburg; † June 12, 1663 in Regensburg) from the Herberstein family was bishop-elect of the diocese of Regensburg from 1662 to 1663. Johann Georg Graf von Herberstein was elected bishop on February 18, 1662. The situation of the diocese and bishopric of Regensburg was financially very tense due to the previous Thirty Years' War. Johann Georg died soon after the papal confirmation as bishop. He did not receive an ordination.
  27. ↑ The Lords of Reinach are a ministerial family proven in Aargau since 1210, who served the Counts of Lenzburg, the Counts of Kyburg, the Habsburgs and finally the Bourbons. In the 18th century, some members of the widely ramified house attained the rank of imperial princes through clerical principalities, including Prince-Bishop of Basel 1705–1737 and 1737–1743.
  28. ↑ Peter von Buschmann (* around 1604 in Driburg; † July 25, 1673 in Bonn) was Chancellor of the Prince Diocese of Paderborn, as such envoy to the peace congresses of Osnabrück and Münster and from 1648 Chancellor of Kurköln. Under Ferdinand of Bavaria, who was elector of Cologne and prince-bishop of other dioceses in addition to the office of Paderborn prince-bishop, Bushmann served in numerous embassies.
  29. ^ Friedrich Ulrich von Hagen, cathedral dean of Magdeburg, was a member of the Fruit Bringing Society. The Fruit Bringing Society (Latin: societas fructifera) was the largest literary group of the Baroque with 890 members. It was founded on August 24, 1617. The longest-lived member, Hieronymus Ambrosius Langenmantel, died in 1718.
  30. ↑ Christian Cassius (born July 8, 1609 in Schleswig; † October 6, 1676 in Eutin) was a German administrative officer and office director of three prince-bishops of Lübeck.
  31. ↑ Ludwig Philipp von Pfalz-Simmern 1610–1655, brother of Friedrich IV. (Elector from the line Pfalz-Simmern 1583–1610. Pfalz-Simmern was united with the Electoral Palatinate from 1598–1610.)
  32. ^ Philipp Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg 1653–1685, Elector 1685–1690.
  33. ↑ Eberhard III. from Württemberg-Stuttgart 1628–1649, after the division with his brothers for Stuttgart 1649–1674.
  34. ^ Georg II of Hessen-Darmstadt 1626–1661.
  35. ^ Wilhelm von Baden-Baden 1622–1677.
  36. ^ Hermann Egon von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg 1635–1674, Reichsfürst 1664.
  37. ↑ Johann von Gemmingen-Steinegg-Mühlhausen 1590–1654.
  38. ↑ Friedrich Bohl, also Bohle or Bohlen (born May 17, 1601 in Mitau, Kurland; † 1658), was a Swedish diplomat and Chancellor of Swedish Pomerania.
  39. ^ Johann Konrad Varnbuler (born November 25, 1595 in Stuttgart, † April 10, 1657 in Stuttgart) was a Württemberg politician and diplomat. As envoy to the negotiations for the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 in Münster and Osnabrück, he succeeded, with the support of the Swedes, in restoring Württemberg to its pre-war borders. Johann Konrad Varnbüler was then by Eberhard III. enfeoffed with the manor of Hemmingen and called himself "Freiherr von und zu Hemmingen".
  40. ↑ The Carpzov family (also Carpzow, Karpzov, Karpzow) is a famous Saxon family of scholars from the 16th to 18th centuries. August Carpzov (June 4, 1612 - November 19, 1683) made outstanding contributions as a statesman to the country around Coburg.
  41. ^ Zacharias Prueschenck von Lindenhofen, (born January 20, 1610 in Sulzbach-Rosenberg, † May 3, 1678 in Eisenach) was a German legal scholar, statesman and minister.
  42. ^ Georg Achatius Heher, envoy of the Duke of Saxe-Gotha in Münster and Osnabrück, 1645–1648.
  43. ↑ Wilhelm von Schröder (born November 15, 1640 in Koenigsberg i. Bay .; † October 1688 in Eperies, Hungary) was a mercantilist and cameralist at the court of Emperor Leopold I in Vienna.
  44. ↑ Johann Georg Hofer von Lobenstein, margravial chamberlain from Brandenburg-Ansbach and privy councilor, colonel of the Franconian district, senior magistrate of Schwabach and imperial district judge of the burgraviate of Nuremberg, acquired the former imperial manor Wildenstein near Crailsheim from Johann Heinrich von Knöringen in 1662. His two sons shared the paternal inheritance and thus established two further lines.
  45. ^ Tobias Appold, ambassador from Brandenburg-Ansbach.
  46. ^ Johann Schwartzkopff (lawyer) (1596–1658), German lawyer.
  47. ↑ Dr. Heinrich Dieterich, Councilor.
  48. ↑ Dr. Heinrich Speyermann, Councilor.
  49. ↑ Rieben, also called Riebe, is the name of an old, originally Mecklenburg noble family. The Lords of Rieben later also acquired property and prestige in Pomerania, Silesia and Prussia.
  50. ↑ Krosigk is the name of an originally noble Upper Saxon nobility family with the parent company of the same name, Krosigk near Halle (Saale).
  51. ^ Johann Ernst, the right doctor, curb Bavarian secret council.
  52. ↑ Martin Milag, also: Martinus Milagius (* March 2nd / 12th, 1598 in Tristewitz near Torgau; † July 28th, 1657 in Dessau) was a lawyer and diplomat in the service of Princely Anhalt.
  53. ↑ Johann Ernst Pistoris von Seusslitz and Hirschstein (* March 20, 1605 at Hirschstein Castle; † May 13, 1680 in Seusslitz) was a German chief court judge and chief envoy in the negotiations for the Peace of Westphalia.
  54. ↑ Jacob Christoph Raßler (von Gamerschwang), also Rassler, Iacobus Christophorus Rassler a Gamerschwang (* 1605 in Gamerschwang; † 1665) was a diplomat, politician, Reichstag envoy and Chancellor of Upper Austria. He was a diplomat, counselor and envoy to the Prince-Bishop of Constance, Reichstag envoy from Constance, Ellwangen, Kempten, Fürstenberg and the Counts of the Swabian District to Regensburg. He was also Chancellor of Upper Austria.