Old University of Duisburg

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University of Duisburg
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activity 1654-1818
place Duisburg
country Duchy of Cleves
( Holy Roman Empire )

The Old University of Duisburg was opened on October 14, 1655 and dissolved in 1818.

history

In 1555, Duke Wilhelm V of Jülich-Kleve-Berg (called Wilhelm the Rich) made the decision to found a state university for his countries in order to create a spiritual center for his Lower Rhine duchies . For this it was necessary to get permission from the Emperor and Pope Pius IV , who, however, reacted very hesitantly to the Duke's request.

Meanwhile, preparations were made to create a university in Duisburg. In 1559 the academic grammar school in Duisburg began teaching under the direction of the humanist Heinrich Castritius. The famous cartographer Gerhard Mercator taught geometry , mathematics and cosmology there from 1559 to 1562 . This grammar school is the successor to the Latin school founded before 1280 and the predecessor of today's Landfermann grammar school .

In 1564 the duchy finally received papal permission and in 1566 the imperial privilege to found the university . The city had actively sought to be granted the privilege by Emperor Maximilian II . Among other things, the council had recruited Johannes Corputius to dedicate his bird's eye view of the city to the emperor and to withhold publication until the upcoming Reichstag in Augsburg.

However, the university was only founded almost 90 years later in 1654 after Kurbrandenburg took over the Duchy of Kleve (1614) from Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg and began teaching on October 14, 1655 after a ceremonial opening in the presence of Prince Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen , the governor of the Elector of Brandenburg in the Duchy of Kleve.

The founding rector of the university was the professor of theology and philosophy Johannes Clauberg , who taught in Duisburg until his death in 1665.

The university had four faculties : theological , legal , medical and philosophical . It was a real full university for the time . For the next hundred years it was the educational institution of almost all doctors, high officials and reformed pastors in the Prussian western provinces.

In 1727, Abraham Philipp Levy (* around 1690; † 1770 or 1785), son of the Trier doctor and rabbi Philipp Levy (1662–1725), was awarded a doctorate in Duisburg as one of the first Jews at a German university. med. PhD. In 1733 Moyses Abraham Wolf (around 1715–1802) from Neuwied - later personal physician to the Cologne Elector - and Baer Jacob Gomperz from Kleve in Duisburg were enrolled.

The end of the university

As the state university of a reformed ruling house, the institute was in competition from the outset with the better-equipped Dutch universities not far from Duisburg . In the Prussian western provinces only about a third of the population was Reformed in the second half of the 18th century, and most Lutheran and Catholic citizens sent their sons to other universities.

The university fell into decline and was on October 18, 1818 on the basis of a cabinet order from Friedrich Wilhelm III. officially canceled. The University of Bonn was founded at the same time . Large parts of the Duisburg university library were relocated to Bonn, where they formed the basis of the newly founded library in Bonn. The university scepter of the Duisburg University also came to Bonn and is still there today.

It was not until 1968 that the city of Duisburg received a university again with the Pedagogical University . It received further departments and in 1994 after the end of the phase as a comprehensive university it was named Gerhard-Mercator -Universität and in 2003 it was merged with the University of Essen to form the new University of Duisburg-Essen . Demands by the new University of Duisburg to the University of Bonn for the release of the university library of the old University of Duisburg and the university prescription have always been rejected in the past.

Professors

students

literature

  • Johann Hildebrand Withof : Acta sacrorum secularium Academiae Duisburgensis. In ordinem digesta et breyi historia festae solennitatis aliisque nonnullis monumentis illustrata , Duisburg ( digitized version )
  • Werner Hesse: Contributions to the history of the former university in Duisburg . University of Applied Sciences Nieten, Duisburg 1879 ( digitized version (PDF))
  • Hermann Greiner, Die Alte Universität Duisburg , Einst und Jetzt 44 (1999), pp. 51–58.
  • Gernot Born , Frank Kopatschek: The old University of Duisburg , Duisburg 2001, ISBN 3-87463-177-X .
  • Manfred Komorowski: Bibliography of the Duisburg university publications (1652-1817) . Richarz, Sankt Augustin 1984, ISBN 3-88345-606-3 .
  • Günter von Roden: The University of Duisburg . With a contribution "The plan to found a university in Duisburg" by Hubert Jedin (= Duisburger Forschungen , Volume 12), Duisburg 1968.
  • Walter Ring: History of the University of Duisburg. With a map . Self-published by the city administration, Duisburg 1920 ( archive.org )
  • Wilhelm Rotscheidt: The register of the University of Duisburg 1652-1818 , Duisburg 1938.
  • Dieter Geuenich, Irmgard Hantsche (ed.): On the history of the University of Duisburg 1655-1818. Scientific colloquium organized in October 2005 on the occasion of the 350th anniversary of the founding of the old Duisburg University (= Duisburg Research , 53rd) Duisburg 2007.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ D. August Christian Borheck: Attempt a history of the city of Duisburg on the Rhine . Publishers of the Helwingschen Universitäts Buchhandlung, 1800, p. 70-71 .
  2. ↑ Heike Frosien-Leinz: The Corputius Plan: Communal self-confidence and advertising material . In: Heike Frosien-Leinz (Red.): From Flanders to the Lower Rhine: Economy and culture overcome borders ; Accompanying volume to the exhibition, published by the city of Duisburg. Kultur- und Stadthistorisches Museum Duisburg, 2000, ISBN 3-89279-560-6 , pp. 87-100.
  3. ↑ Heike Hawicks: The Duisburg city map of Johannes Corputius from 1566, from the early modern "advertising brochure" to the modern multimedia CD-ROM . In: Duisburg research . tape 51 . Mercator-Verlag, Duisburg, ISBN 3-87463-377-2 , p. 225-234 .
  4. ^ D. August Christian Borheck: Attempt a history of the city of Duisburg on the Rhine . Publishers of the Helwingschen Universitäts Buchhandlung, 1800, p. 109-110 .
  5. ↑ From Amsterdam; Jewish name Josua Feibelman, son of Juda Loeb Abraham Hamburg; see. Adolf Kober: Jewish students and doctoral students at the University of Duisburg in the 18th century. A contribution to the history of the Enlightenment . In: Monthly for the history and science of Judaism , 75, 1931, pp. 118–127 (reprint Hildesheim 1982).
  6. ↑ Monika Richarz: The entry of the Jews into the academic professions . Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1974, p. 76.