Eberhard Heinrich Daniel Stosch

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Eberhard Heinrich Daniel Stosch (born March 16, 1716 in Liebenberg , today Löwenberger Land , † March 27, 1781 in Frankfurt (Oder) ) was a German Reformed theologian.

Life

Stosch was the son of pastor Ferdinand Stosch , who later became court preacher in Potsdam. His uncle was Baron Philipp von Stosch , his brother Ferdinand Stosch was also a theologian.

School time and studies

At first Stosch had been tutored by private tutors; In 1729 he became a pupil of the Joachimsthal School in Berlin and entered its theological seminar the following year. There he acquired extensive knowledge in the individual branches of theology and philosophy. In 1733 he began to study philosophical and theological sciences at the University of Frankfurt an der Oder , supported by a grant from the Kurmark . Paul Ernst Jablonski and Tilemann Heinrich Siegel were his main teachers there in the field of theology. With Nikolaus Westermann he heard rhetoric, with Johann Friedrich Polack philosophy, with Johann Lorenz Fleischer natural law and with Johann David Grillo linguistics and antiquity.

Employment

In 1736 Stosch worked as a private tutor in Berlin. In 1737 he became the royal candidate for the preaching office, and the following year he became the parish priest's assistant in Jerichow . A trip that took him through part of Germany, Switzerland and Holland in 1741 had a positive effect on his worldview. On this trip he touched Wittenberg, Halle, Leipzig, Jena, Weimar, Gotha, Kassel, Marburg, Frankfurt am Main, Heidelberg and Tübingen, on the return trip among others Hamburg and Bremen. After a short stay in Switzerland, where he visited Schaffhausen, Zurich and Basel, he went to Holland via Strasbourg, Duisburg and other places. There he stayed for a whole year in Leiden, Utrecht, Franecker and Gröningen and got to know the professors there from their lectures and at the same time personally. Even later he kept in correspondence with several scholars whose acquaintance he had made in Holland. When Stosch returned to Berlin in 1743, the next year he exchanged his position in Jerichow, which was not advantageous in several respects, with the office of pastor of the Reformed community in Soldin in Neumark.

This period was one of the happiest of his life, especially because of the friendly relationship he had with his Lutheran counterpart. He therefore turned down a call to preacher in the Reformed church in Celle in 1747. When he was offered a professorship in theology at the University of Duisburg , he accepted this call in 1748 and became a doctor of theology in the same year . In 1749 he went to the University of Frankfurt an der Oder as a professor of theology . He was also given the ephorate of Hungarian scholarship holders and became the overseer of the reformed school. His sphere of activity expanded when, in addition to his professorship, he became inspector and first preacher in the Reformed community in Frankfurt an der Oder in 1755. Two years later he married Marianne Esther Causse († September 19, 1809 in Frankfurt an der Oder), the daughter of a French preacher and the sister of one of his colleagues in office. Stosch also took part in the organizational tasks of the Frankfurt University and was rector of the Alma Mater in 1757, 1767 and 1775.

Act

The few writings he wrote spoke unmistakably for his thorough research spirit, especially his investigations into the canon of the New Testament , which he wrote in three Latin dissertations between 1750 and 1751, and in 1755 with his program de cura Veteris Ecclesiae circa libros Novi Testamenti increased, had it printed. In those treatises Stosch showed with sufficient reasons that the origin of the New Testament canon was to be ascribed to the care and efforts of individual churches to which the writings of the apostles had come through a certain and infallible tradition. In this way he opposed the view according to which the New Testament canon was made up by a public resolution of the apostolic church or a council.

In 1752, in his treatise de revelatione ante Mosen scripto consignata , Stosch tried to refute the widespread opinion of a mere oral propagation of the divine revelations among the patriarchs by means of testimonies that he took from individual passages of the Pentateuch and especially from Enoch's prophecy . In 1753, too, with great acumen he examined in three Latin dissertations the various views of the value of the proof of the divinity of Christianity that was customarily derived from the martyrs. In terms of church history, there were some treatises written in 1755 in which he examined the causes of the persecution of Christians by the Romans in more detail.

Works

  • Progr. De cura veteris ecclesiae circa libros Novi Testamenti. Frankfurt (Oder) 1749
  • Disputatio periodica historico - theologica prima de canona Novi Testamenti. Frankfurt (Oder) 1750, Disputatio II. Frankfurt (Oder) 1751; Disputation III. et ultima. Frankfurt (Oder) 1751 (this treatise was printed together under the title: Comraentatio historico-critica de librorutn Novi Testamenti canone. Praeraissa est Dissertatio de cura veteris ecclesiae circa libros Novi Testamenti. Frankfurt (Oder) 1756)
  • Diss. Theologica de Ecclesia divinam bibliorum inspirationem testante. Frankfurt (Oder) 1751
  • Diss. De septem Domini oculis perlustrantibus totam terram, ex Zachar. 4, 10. Frankfurt (Oder) 1751
  • Diss. De revelatione divina ante Mosen scripto consignata. Frankfurt (Oder) 1752
  • Diss. I-III., Quibus argumentum pro divina religionis christianae origine a martyribus desumtum examinator. Frankfurt (Oder) 1753–1754
  • Diss. I-III. de causis persecutionum a Romanis - contra Christianos excitatarum. Frankfurt (Oder) 1755
  • Diss. De supplicio crucis in persona sponsoris nostri secundum rationes sapientiae divinae couvenientissimo. Frankfurt (Oder) 1759
  • Diss. I-III. Argumentum pro divina chriatianae religionis origine et propagatione ejus desumtum. Frankfurt (Oder) 1767–1769
  • E. Jablonski Institutiones historioe chriatianae. Volumea tartium. Frankfurt (Oder) 1767
  • Diss. De actibus gratiae naturam emendantibus. Frankfurt (Oder) 1768
  • Introductio in Theologiam dogmaticam. Frankfurt (Oder) 1778
  • Institutionis Theologiae dogmaticae. Frankfurt (Oder) 1779

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Stosch, Eberhard Heinrich Daniel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German reformed theologian
DATE OF BIRTH March 16, 1716
PLACE OF BIRTH Liebenberg
DATE OF DEATH March 27, 1781
Place of death Frankfurt (Oder)