Paul Tschackert

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Paul Moritz Robert Tschackert (born January 10, 1848 in Freystadt (Silesia) , † July 7, 1911 in Göttingen ) was a German Protestant church historian.

Life

The son of a Catholic citizen who later converted to the Evangelical faith and an Evangelical mother was baptized Evangelical. Since his father died early, Tschackert had to rely on outside support when he went to high school in Sagan . The teachers at the grammar school came mainly from the Catholic faith, with the exception of the Protestant religion teacher. So he became familiar with the processes in the Roman Church at an early age. At the age of 20 he moved to the University of Wroclaw in 1868 to study theology. Here he came across Hermann Reuter , who significantly influenced his theological studies and ensured that Tschackert visited the Silesian Konvikt in Halle (Saale) in autumn 1869 .

During his two-year stay in Halle, he studied Protestant theology with Martin Kähler and passed the theological exam with very good in the eighth semester . Therefore, he was invited by the theological faculty to do a doctorate. He then worked as a private tutor in Frankfurt an der Oder for a year and a half and, equipped with a Luther scholarship, completed Georg Waitz's historical seminar at the University of Göttingen . Here he had to write the scholarship paper The Cardinal Peter von Ailli and the two writings attributed to him, "De difficultate reformationis in concilio universali" and "Monita de necessitate reformationis in capite et membris" . In 1875 he obtained a licentiate in theology from the University of Breslau and qualified as a private lecturer in church history in the same year in Breslau.

Based on the dissertation The Inauthenticity of the Alleged Aillian Dialogues De quaerelis Franciae et Angliae and De iure successionis utromque regum in regno Franciae (from the years 1413-1415) he received his doctorate in philosophy at the University of Leipzig in 1876 and wrote the essay during the same period Pseudo-Zabarella's Capita agendorum and its true author . The first reviewer of his dissertation was the historian Georg Voigt . The results of his studies appeared in his work The alleged Aillian work “Determinatio pro quietatione conscientiae simplicium”, a work by Gerson . In 1877 he became an associate professor at the University of Halle and in 1879 took over the inspection at the Silesian Konvikt as Kähler's successor.

On April 1, 1884, he was appointed full professor of church history at the University of Königsberg , where he gained access to the university's valuable archive and dealt intensively with the university's documented treasures, especially in the area of ​​the history of the Reformation. In 1890 he was finally appointed professor of church history at the University of Göttingen. In Göttingen he mainly worked in the field of Church history in Lower Saxony, and in 1896 co-founded the Society for Church History in Lower Saxony and one of the first important editors of the journal of the Society for Church History in Lower Saxony . Above all, his articles on the history of the Reformation were very extensive. In 1907 he got pneumonia and withdrew from the public for health reasons and died in his residence in Göttingen, in Wilhelm-Weber-Str. 9.

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Tschackert has written numerous articles in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie and in the second and third editions of the Real Encyclopedia for Protestant Theology and Church . In addition, there are numerous specialist articles in specialist journals such as the Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte , the Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte , the Neue Kirchliche Zeitung , the pamphlet of the Evangelical League , the theological studies and reviews, etc. His editions on the history of the Church of the Reformation in the Duchy of Prussia in the series of publications of the Prussian State Archive in Berlin are also of great value.

Works (selection)

  • Petrus Alliacenus de eccleria. 1875.
  • Anna Maria von Schürmann , the star of Utrecht, the disciple of Labadies. A picture from the cultural history of the 17th century. Gotha 1876.
  • Card. P. v. Ailli and writings ascribed to him . 1877.
  • The Popes of the Renaissance. Hall 1879.
  • About Protestant church style. Hall 1891.
  • Evangelical polemics against the Roman Church. Gotha 1885, 1888.
  • Johann Brießmann's Flosculi, the first fundamental Reformation script in the Order of Prussia. Gotha 1887.
  • Georg von Polentz , Bishop of Samland, character image. 1888 In: Church History Studies, dedicated to Hermann Reuter. 1888.
  • Unknown handwritten sermons and scholias by M. Luther. Berlin 1888.
  • Document book on the history of the Reformation of the Duchy of Prussia. Leipzig 1890 3rd vol. (Publication from the Prussian State Archives vol. 43–45).
  • Paul Speratus von Rötlen, Protestant Bishop of Pomesanien in Marienwerder. Hall 1891.
  • The incompatibility of the Order of Jesus with the German Empire. 1891.
  • Christian exhortation to Mr. Walt. Von Plettenberg von Friedrich, Herr zu Heideck. Königsberg 1892 (also in: Writings of the Association for Reformation History. As well as supplements to the Prussian Reformation history. In: Journal for Church History. (ZKG) 1897).
  • Duke Albrecht of Prussia as a Reformation personality. Halle 1894 (also in: Writings of the Association for Reformation History , as “Supplements to the Prussian Reformation History ” in: Journal for Church History 1897 as well as in: Anthology Paul Speratus Scripta ).
  • Unprinted letters on the general history of the Reformation. 1894.
  • Magister Johann Sutel (1504–1575) reformer of Göttingen, Schweinfurt and Nordheim, first Protestant preacher at the university church and first superintendent of Göttingen. 1897, 1904.
  • D. Mission, association or task of the church? 1897.
  • Supplements to the Prussian Reformation history. In: Journal of Church History. 1897.
  • Melanchthon's ideal of education. 1897.
  • Duchess Elisabeth von Münden (died 1558), b. Margravine of Brandenburg, the first female writer from the House of Brandenburg and the House of Brunswick, her life and her works. Berlin and Leipzig 1899 (Hohenzoller yearbook).
  • Anton Corvinus life and writings. Hanover 1900.
  • Correspondence from Anton Corvinus. Hanover 1900.
  • State and Church in the Kingdom of Prussia. 1901.
  • The Augsburg Confession, German and Latin, based on the best manuscripts owned by the signatories. Critical edition, with the most important variants of the manuscripts and the Textus receptus. Leipzig 1901.
  • The real Luther picture. 1904 Revised Kurz.
  • Church history textbook for students. 1899 (with Bonwetsch).
  • Modus vivendi. Munich 1908.
  • Analecta Corviniana, sources on the history of the Lower Saxon reformer Ant. Corvinus. Leipzig 1910.
  • The emergence of the Lutheran and the Reformed church doctrine, including their internal Protestant opposites. Goettingen 1910.
  • Brief degree program for theologians. Goettingen 1911.
  • Collection of Paul Speratus Scripta. In: Theological Studies and Criticisms. 1911.
  • Dr. Eberhard Weidensee († 1547), Life and Writings. Berlin 1911.

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Paul Tschackert  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ In: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte (ZKG), 1876, p. 149.
  2. ^ In: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte (ZKG), 1876, p. 450.
  3. ↑ Leipzig University Archives: Phil. Fac. Prom. 3399 Paul Tschackert. According to the file, he was a lecturer in church history at the University of Wroclaw at the time. Mario Todte, Georg Voigt: Pioneer of historical research on humanism, Leipzig 2004, p. 111, note 409 and p. 115 f.
  4. ^ In: Theological Studies and Criticisms. (ThStKr) 1911.
personal data
SURNAME Tschackert, Paul
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tschackert, Paul Moritz Robert (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German church historian
DATE OF BIRTH January 10, 1848
PLACE OF BIRTH Freystadt (Silesia)
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1911
Place of death Goettingen