Żagań

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Żagań
Żagań Coat of Arms
Żagań (Poland)
Żagań
Żagań
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lebus
Powiat : Żagań
Area : 39.92  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 37 ′  N , 15 ° 19 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 37 ′ 0 ″  N , 15 ° 19 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 100 m npm
Residents : 25,731
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 68-100 to 68-103
Telephone code : (+48) 68
License plate : FZG
Economy and Transport
Street : Zielona Góra - Jelenia Góra
Rail route : Cottbus - Legnica
Next international airport : Wroclaw Airport
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 39.92 km²
Residents: 25,731
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 645 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0810021
Administration (as of 2019)
Mayor : Andrzej Katarzyniec
Address: pl. Słowiański 17
68-100 Żagań
Website : www.um.zagan.pl



Żagań [ ˈʒagaɲ ] ( German Sagan , Upper Sorbian Žahań , Czech Zaháň , Latin Saganum ) is a town in the powiat Żagański (Sagan district) in the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship . It is a district town and has around 26,500 inhabitants.

Geographical location

The city is located in Lower Silesia , roughly halfway between the major cities of Cottbus and Breslau at about 100 meters above sea level, about 55 kilometers west of the city of Glogau . Neighboring towns are Iłowa (Halbau) in the southwest and Żary (Sorau) in the northwest. Just before the Bober reaches the city limits, the Queis flows into it.

history

Baroque houses on the Ring
The Lobkowitz Castle
Plac Słowiański (formerly Ludwigsplatz) with the city administration (baroque palace) and the Jesuit church
Holy Sepulcher Chapel
Tower of the former Protestant church

Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

Sagan was first mentioned in a document in 1202 and received city rights around 1285. After the division of the Duchy of Silesia , it belonged to the Duchy of Glogau from 1249/51 , from which the Duchy of Sagan was spun off for the first time in 1274 .

The Augustinian Canons' Monastery, founded in 1284, was a cultural center of the region in the late Middle Ages. Sagan's economy was characterized by cloth making, beer brewing and iron trading.

In 1472 Hans von Sagan sold the principality and town to the Wettins . Under Duke Heinrich the Pious (1539–1541) the Reformation spread unhindered. In 1549, Elector Moritz left Sagan to the Bohemian ruler Ferdinand I.

In 1628 Emperor Ferdinand II enfeoffed General Wallenstein with Sagan and awarded him the title "Duke of Sagan". By settling the Jesuits in the abandoned Franciscan monastery, he promoted the Counter Reformation. He called the astronomer Johannes Kepler , who was in distress in Linz, to Sagan. But when he refused to incline the general, he fell out of favor, but stayed. In 1646 the Bohemian prince Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowitz acquired the duchy and city; In 1670 he had the Sagan Castle built on the foundations begun by Wallenstein according to plans by the Italian architect Antonio della Porta , who also worked for him at the Roudnice Castle in Bohemia. His counter-Reformation measures led to the church reduction carried out in the Principality of Sagan in 1668. Until then, the Kreuzkirche was still used for Protestant worship, after which the Protestant Sagan people visited so-called border and refuge churches along the borders of the principality. On the basis of the Altranstädter Convention (1707), the Mercy Church of the Holy Trinity , located outside the city on the right side of the Bober, was built in 1709/10 .

Prussian time

In 1742 the Habsburgs , who had held the crown of Bohemia since 1526 , ceded Sagan, as did much of Silesia , to the King of Prussia in the preliminary peace of Breslau .

In 1758 the Sagan abbot Johann Ignaz von Felbiger began to improve the primary school system. He was a well-known Prussian school reformer who later served in Austria.

After an edict by King Frederick II to found colonist villages, the colonies Neue Forst (1775), Schönthal (1777), Alte Forst (1781) and Georgenruh (1783) were built. The Royal Glogau War and Domain Chamber supervised the city of Sagan when creating these new colonist villages with free subjects who were only subordinate to the King of Prussia. In 1786 the Duke of Courland, Peter von Biron, acquired the duchy, but it was still under the Prussian crown. He was followed in 1800 by his daughter Wilhelmine , who was inherited by her sister Pauline in 1839 . From her it was bought by the third sister Dorothea in 1842 , who was married to Count Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord , a nephew of the French Foreign Minister Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand . She had the palace gardens laid out by Prince Pückler . Until the expropriation in 1945, the former rulership with Sagan Castle and 20,000 hectares of land remained in the possession of the Dukes of Talleyrand-Périgord , but most of them lived in France.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Sagan had a large Protestant church, three Catholic churches, a synagogue , a school teachers' college, a preparation institute , an important textile industry (3,000 workers) and a district court. The state high school, the Herzog-Friedland-Schule , went back to the Jesuit school established by Wallenstein.

The city was since 1816 the administrative seat of the Prussian district Sagan , the 1932 county Sprottau in district Liegnitz the Prussian province of Silesia of the German Reich merged, with the district office in Sagan remained.

World War II and part of Poland

In February 1945 the Red Army captured the city ​​in bitter fighting and placed it under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland before the end of the war . The city was named Żagań in Polish spelling. In the following two years the residents were evicted and replaced by Poles .

The clearing of rubble began in 1947, followed by the opening of factories, handicraft businesses and the opening of schools. In the 1970s, new districts emerged and in 1983 the reconstruction work on the residential palace was completed.

In the town there are large training areas and barracks with the command of the 11th Panzer Division of the Polish Armed Forces, King Jan III. Sobieski .

In 1996, the city was one of the first seven cities to benefit from the Polish government's program to restore historical sites.

Population development
year Residents Remarks
1825 05,449 of which 4,054 Protestants, 1,324 Catholics and 71 Israelites
1840 06,603 thereof 4,977 Protestants, 1,558 Catholics and 68 Jews
1905 14,208 with the garrison (a mounted division of field artillery No. 5), including 3,243 Catholics and 113 Jews
1925 17,572 thereof 13,415 Protestants, 3,790 Catholics, 51 other Christians and 70 Jews
1933 18,465 thereof 14,132 Evangelicals, 3,852 Catholics, 23 other Christians and 64 Jews
1939 20,441 15,373 Protestants, 4,227 Catholics, 115 other Christians and seven Jews

POW camp

During the Second World War , the Stalag VIII C and the Stalag Luft III were built not far from the city ; the latter temporarily housed 10,000 prisoners of war . On March 24, 1944, 76 Allied prisoners of war managed to escape from the camp through a 110 m long and 10 m deep tunnel. Most of those who had fled were caught in the vicinity of the camp, and only three men managed to escape. On direct orders from Hitler , 47 of the captured fugitives were shot by the Gestapo in violation of the Geneva Convention . 21 of the police and Gestapo officers involved were interrogated in the London Cage after the war and later tried and partially executed by a British military court in Hameln. The event was filmed in 1963 in Broken Chains .

At the end of the Second World War , camp No. 78 in Sagan (Polish: Żagań) , located in the regained areas , was used by the Red Army for interning German prisoners of war and on September 1, 1945, it was transferred to Polish management. The prisoners were used for forced labor in the Silesian coal mining industry.

politics

Town twinning

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

The Żagań station used to be a railway junction through which the Lower Silesian-Märkische Railway ran. It crosses today's railway line Łódź – Forst (Lausitz) ; The Wolsztyn – Żagań , Jelenia Góra – Żagań and Jankowa Żagańska – Żagań railway lines also ended here .

sons and daughters of the town

Sorted by year of birth

City personalities

literature

  • Otto Wolff : Critical review of the history of the city and the Duchy of Sagan, as presented by A. Leipelt, mathematician at the royal Catholic high school in Sagan . Grünberg 1854 ( e-copy ).
  • A. Leipelt: History of the city and the Duchy of Sagan . Sorau 1853 ( e-copy ).
  • Karl August Müller: Patriotic images, or history and description of all castles and knight palaces in Silesia and the county of Glatz. Second edition, Glogau 1844, pp. 222–229.
  • Katarzyna Adamek, Marian Ryszard Świątek: Żagań znany i nieznany. Rada i Zarząd Miasta Żagania, Żagań 2002, ISBN 83-912320-3-4 .
  • Werner Bein (ed.): Sagan and Sprottau in the Silesian history. "Les vues de Sagan". Bergstadtverlag Korn, Würzburg 1992, ISBN 3-87057-164-0 .
  • Johann Gottlob Worbs : History of the Duchy of Sagan (1795). Newly edited and provided with pictures, corrections and explanations by Georg Feilhauer and Max Krüger. W. Daustein, Sagan 1930.

Web links

Commons : Żagań  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Sagan in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Eduard Ludwig Wedekind: New Chronicle of the City of Züllichau from the first times of its creation to the present day . G. Sporleder, Züllichau 1846, p. 60.
  3. ↑ Udo von Alvensleben , Visits before Downfall, Nobility Seats between Altmark and Masuria , compiled from diary entries and edited by Harald von Koenigswald, Frankfurt / M.-Berlin 1968, pp. 216f. According to this, the ownership of the House of Talleyrand was not only guaranteed by a separate provision of the Versailles Treaty , it was even made tax-free. After 1918, however, they would never have visited Sagan again.
  4. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 17, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 415.
  5. ^ Website of the city, Historia ( Memento of March 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on December 16, 2011
  6. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, towns and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration . Breslau 1830, pp. 1011-1013.
  7. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Brief geographical description of Prussian Silesia, the County of Glaz and the Prussian Margraviate of Upper Lusatia or the entire province of Prussian Silesia: For use in schools. First ribbon . Breslau 1831, p. 197-200 of Chapter I: District of the royal. Government of Breslau ( pp. 385–388 of the e-copy of the Gyfrowa library ).
  8. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia . 2nd edition, Breslau 1845, pp. 914-918.
  9. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. sprottau.html # ew39sprtsaga. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  10. ↑ Jerzy Kochanowski: In Polish captivity. German prisoners of war in Poland 1945–1950 . German Historical Institute Warsaw , fiber-Verlag, 2004, p. 47 ff., 54.
  11. ^ Duns & District Twinning Association with Zagan in Poland , onlineborders.org.uk
  12. ↑ "Grumo è gemellata con la cittadina polacca di Zagan che si spera sia più vivibile della sua sorella partenopea." Grumo Nevano, qui il sud somiglia tanto al north - est . In: La Repubblica of January 26, 1996 (accessed December 27, 2019).
  13. ^ Visiting friends , Siegerland-Kurier , October 14, 2012
  14. ↑ 10 years town partnership Ortrand - Zagan , Official Gazette for the Official Gazette Ortrand, Edition 6, May 20, 2016, PDF file, p. 7; “In February 2006 the time has come. Then a town twinning agreement is to be signed with Ortrand in the Polish town of Zagan. ” Ortrand and Zagan on the way to a partnership
  15. ↑ Teltower made their way to Zagan: Biking in the twin city , maz-online.de , June 3, 2014
  16. ↑ Schlesisches Pfarrerbuch . tape 8 , p. 241 .