Christian Gottfried Gruner

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Christian Gottfried Gruner

Christian Gottfried Gruner (born November 8, 1744 in Sagan ; † December 5, 1815 in Jena ) was a German physician and medical historian .

Life

Gruner was the son of master butcher Balthasar Gruner and his wife Maria Dorothea Golisch. He had received his basic schooling in the place of his birth. In 1762 he attended grammar school in Görlitz and in 1765 began studying theology at the University of Leipzig . Here he initially attended the lectures of Johann August Ernesti and Samuel Friedrich Nathanael More at the theological faculty . In addition, he was occupied with the explanations of Christian Fürchtegott Gellert , Christian August Clodius , Johann Heinrich Winckler and Christian Gottlieb Seydlitz at the philosophical faculty. After the death of his father, he turned to the medical sciences, where he attended lectures by Ernst Gottlob Bose , Johann Christoph Pohl , Johann Carl Gehler , Anton Wilhelm Plaz , Carl Wilhelm Pörner (1732–1796) and Christian Gottlieb Ludwig . After he had obtained his doctorate in medicine at the University of Halle on December 22, 1769 , he became a city doctor in Sagan the following year.

Michaelis in 1773 he became professor of botany and theoretical medicine at the University of Jena. As such, he became court advisor to the Duke of Saxe-Weimar in 1776, and in 1791 a secret councilor and personal physician to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg. In 1797 he rose to the second medical professorship and in 1803 was the first professor of practical medicine and chemistry. Gruner also took part in the organizational tasks of the Jena Salana and was Rector of the Alma Mater in the winter semesters of 1775, 1779, 1785, 1791, 1795, 1799, 1805 . Gruner appeared primarily as a historian of medical contexts. He was a driving force in the atheism dispute against Johann Gottlieb Fichte . His contemporary witnesses describe him as an irascible character who showed strong antisympathy towards less agreeable colleagues like Justus Christian Loder and Johann Christian Stark the Elder . Nevertheless, he enjoyed a great reputation in his time. He was privately associated with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and is considered the founder of medical-historical, especially historical-pathological studies.

Memberships and honors

Gruner was a member of several learned societies of his time. So 1774 member of the Latin Society in Jena, 1774 member of the Academy of Sciences and Literature in Mainz , on February 1, 1776 Leopoldine Academy of Natural Scientists , 1776 member of the Hessian Academic Society of Sciences in Giessen , 1776 member of the Societas excolendis literis Rossicis in Moscow , 1783 member of the Bavarian Society of Moral and Agricultural Sciences in Burghausen , 1783 member of the Zeeuwsch Genootschap of the Wetenschapen in Vlissingen , 1785 member of the royal French Collegium Medicum in Nancy , 1785 member of the Academie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres. in Nancy, 1786 member of the Societe royale de Physique, d'Histoire naturelle et des Arts in Orléans , 1787 member of the Societe royale d'Agriculture in Paris , 1788 member of the Academie des Sciences, Arts et belles-Lettres in Dijon , 1788 member of the Royal Dutch Society of Sciences in Haarlem , 1789 member of the Batavian Society for Experimental Philosophy in Rotterdam (Dutch: Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte te Rotterdam), 1789 member of the provincial Utrecht Society of Sciences and Arts in Utrecht (Dutch: Proviciaal Utrechtsch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen), 1790 member of the Royal English Medical Society in London , 1790 member of the Reale Accademia in Florence , 1791 Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts in Lyon, 1791 member of the Helvetic Society of Corresponding Doctors and Surgeons, in 1793 he became a founding member of the Naturalists Society in Jena, 1793 member of the Société de médecine in Bordeaux , 1793 member of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Uppsala , 1795 member of the Royal Collegium Medicum in Stockholm , 1796 member of the Royal Grand Ducal Academy of Sciences in Siena , 1796 member of the Reale Accademia di Scienze e Belle Lettere in Mantua , 1797 member of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Naples , 1797 member of the Sydenhamische Gesellschaft in Halle (Saale) , 1797 honorary member of the Ducal Mineralogical Society in Jena, 1798 assessor of the Natural Research Society of Westphalia in Brockhausen , 1800 member of the Société de médecine in Paris, 1805 member of the Princely Hessian Society for Antiquities in Kassel , 1805 member of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich , as well as its corresponding member from 1808 and member of the Medical Art Association in Altenburg in 1812 . In 1815 Gruner received the silver vaccination coin from the Royal Collegium Medicum in Stockholm and in October 1815 became a knight of the Royal Swedish Order of Vasa .

family

Gruner married Christina Margaretha Hasse, the daughter of master brick miller Christoph Hasse, in 1777. There are four sons and four daughters from the marriage. The doctors Carl Friedrich Ferdinand Gruner (born June 21, 1787 in Jena; † December 2, 1818 ibid.) And Friedrich Wilhelm Moritz Gruner (born December 3, 1790 in Jena; † December 11, 1818 ibid.) Are known of these.

Works (selection)

  • Censura Liborum Hippocrateorum, qua veri falsis, integri a suppositis segregantur. Breslau 1772 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library ).
  • Thoughts from the science of medicine and physicians. Breslau 1772 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Neque Eros, neque Trotula, sed Salernitanus quidam medicus, isque christianus, auctor libelli est, qui de morbis mulierum inscribitur. Jena 1773.
  • Analecta ad antiquitates medicas, quibus anatome Aegyptiorum et Hippocratis, nec non mortis genus quo Cleopatra regina periit, explicantur. Breslau 1774 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Morbum antiquitates collegit, ex optimis quibusque auctoribus recensuit, ordinavit et suo quemque morbum loco collocandum curavit. Breslau 1774 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library ).
  • Semiotice, in usum praelectionum academicarum. Halle 1775 (also published under the title: Physiological and pathological drawing, for use in academic lectures and as a repertory for practitioners. ) 2nd edition Jena 1794 ( digitized in Google book search), 1801 ( digitized in Google book search) .
  • Joannis Jacobi Reiskii et Joannis Ernesti Fabri opuscula medica, ex mnumentis Arabum et Ebraeorum iterum recensuit, praefatus est, vitasque auctorum indicemque rerum adjecit. Hall 1776.
  • Via et ratio formulas medicas conscribendi, in usum praelectionum academicarum. Halle 1778 ( digitized in the Google book search); also under the title: Instructions to prescribe medicines. translated by KA Zwierlein. Heidelberg 1782, 3rd edition Heidelberg 1789 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Joannis Ernesti Hebenstreit palaeologia therapiae, qua veterum de morbis curandis placita potiora recentiorum sententiis aequantur etc .. Hall 1779.
  • Library of Old Physicians in translations and extracts. Leipzig 1780 and 1782 ( digitized in the Google book search), 2nd vol .;
  • Weekly literary news from 1781. Erfurt 1781.
  • Almanac for doctors and non-doctors. Jena 1781–1795 (15th vol.) 1791 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Oribasii medicinalium collectum lib. I. et II., Et fragmentum aliud e codice Mosquensi. Jena 1782.
  • Critical reports from small medical writings from domestic and foreign academies. Leipzig 1783–1788, 3rd vol .; 2nd volume ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Collection of the charitable publications of the Royal Medical Society of Paris. Hall 1784.
  • Christiani Langii, professoris medicinae quondam Lipsiensis, facies Hippocratica levi penicillo adumbrata. Jena 1784.
  • The communal chalice, along with some historical and medical doubts. Jena 1785.
  • Baptistae Codronchii de morbo novo, prolapsu mucronatac cartilaginis dicto, libellus. Jena 1786.
  • The venereal infection through communal drinking utensils and through the communal chalice, proven from theory and experience. Jena 1787 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library ).
  • Letter to Bergrath Müller in Berlin. Leipzig 1788 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Aphrodisiacus, sive de lue venera, in duas patres divisus, quarum altera continet, ejus vestigia in veterum auctorum monumentis obvia, altera quos Aloysius Luisinus temere omisit scriptores medicos et historicos, ordine chronologico digestos. Jena 1789, 2nd vol. ( Digitized version from the Bavarian State Library ; digitized version from the Bavarian State Library ).
  • Jani Cornarii, professoris quondam medicinae in universitate litterarum Jenensi celeberrimi, conjecturae et emendationes galenicae. Jena 1789.
  • De variolis et morbillis fragmenta medicorum arabistarum, Constantini Africani, Matthaei Sylvatici, Bernardi Gordoni, Joannis anglici de Gaddesden, Gentilis de Fulginio, Michaelis Scoti, Rolandi Parmensis, Guidonis de Cauliaco, Guilielmi Varignanae, Valesci de Taranti Hisani, Antonii de Gradis, Menghi Faventini, Blasii Astarii et Joannis Saliceti. Jena 1790 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library ).
  • De morbo gallico scriptores medici et historici, patrim inediti, partim rri et notationibus aucti. Accedunt morbi gallici origines maranicae. Jena 1793 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library ).
  • Nosologigia historica ex monumentis medii aevi lecta, animadversionibus historicis ac medicis illustrata. Jena 1794–1795 ( digitized version from the Bavarian State Library ).
  • Vitae liberae et dissolutae encomium. Jena 1795 Joannis Stephani Bernardi reliquiae medico-criticae. Jena 1795–1796 ( digitized version from the Bavarian State Library ).
  • De convulsione cereali Epidemica, novo morbi genere, Facultatis Medicae Marburgensis responsum. Jena 1795 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • A few words to teach, to heart and to improve the exprofessor Fichte. Jena 1799, ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Pandectae medicae sive succincta explicatio rerum medicarum in institutionibus digestis novellis obviarum. Jena 1800 ( digitized version from the Bavarian State Library ).
  • Itinerarium sudoris anglici ex actis designatum. Jena 1805 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library ).
  • Isidis christiani et pappi philosophi jusjurandum chemicum, nunc primum graecae wt latine editum. Jena 1807.
  • Lusus medici orationibus expressi. Insunt gonorrhoeae et calvitiei encomium. Jena 1808.
  • Zosimi Panopolitani de zythorum confectione fragmentum, nunc primum graece ac latine editum. Accedit historia zythorum sive oerevisiarum, quarum apud veteres mentio fit. Solisbacci 1814.

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Gruner, Christian Gottfried
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physician and historian
DATE OF BIRTH November 8, 1744
PLACE OF BIRTH Sagan
DATE OF DEATH December 5, 1815
Place of death Jena