1744

Portal history | Portal Biographies | Current events | Annual calendar

◄ | 17th century | 18th century | 19th century | ►
◄ | 1710s | 1720s | 1730s | 1740s | 1750s | 1760s | 1770s | ►
◄◄ | ◄ | 1740 | 1741 | 1742 | 1743 | 1744 | 1745 | 1746 | 1747 | 1748 | ► |►►

Heads of State · Nekrolog · Music Year

 Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

1744
Carl Edzard , last prince of East Frisia , dies.	The British sailing ship Victory sinks with a crew of 1,150.
Frederick the Great conquered Prague in the War of the Austrian Succession .
1744 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1192/93 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1736/37 (September 10-11)
Bengali solar calendar	1149/50 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2287/88 (southern Buddhism); 2286/87 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	73/74 (74./75.) Cycle Year of the Wood Rat甲子 ( at the beginning of the year Water Pig 癸亥)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1106/07 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4077/78 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1122/23 (around March 21)
Islamic calendar	1156/57 (turn of the year 14/15 February)
Jewish calendar	5504/05 (September 6-7)
Coptic calendar	1460/61 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	919/920
Seleucid era	Babylon: 2054/55 (turn of the year April) Syria: 2055/56 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1800/01 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

War of the Austrian Succession / Second Silesian War

Battle illustration from 1796

• February 22nd : During the War of the Austrian Succession , there is a sea ​​battle near Toulon . The British Mediterranean fleet and the fleet of allies France and Spain split up after a fierce battle without a clear winner. France and Great Britain are not yet officially at war at this point. Afterwards, both sides proclaim victory for themselves. In the UK, commanders are accused of failure. Admiral Thomas Mathews is found guilty in a spectacular court martial and removed from his post.
• Spring: The French army marches against Brussels and the British-Dutch army. She conquered Menin , Ypres , Furnes and Knock , but then had to send most of her troops against Charles of Lorraine's Austrian army, which crossed the Rhine in Alsace.
• August 16 : Frederick the Great , who after the military successes of the Pragmatic Army has to fear that Maria Theresa will reclaim the Silesia conquered from Prussia , begins the Second Silesian War with Austria when his troops march into Bohemia .
• September 16 : In the Second Silesian War , after a two-week siege, the city of Prague surrenders to the Prussian army . As a result, the Austrian troops withdrew far into the country, making it difficult for Prussian supplies.
• Thanks to the Prussian relief, the Bavarians and the French managed to recapture Bavaria . A French army under the personal command of Louis XV. occupies the Upper Austrian capital Freiburg im Breisgau after a six-week siege , while another attacks the Austrian Swabia. In November a third army gathers on the Moselle .
• In Italy, a Franco-Spanish army invades Piedmont and defeats the Sardinian army on the Stura . Then she takes Villafranca , Oneglia and Nice . In autumn, however, the army has to return to Piedmont. In central Italy, the Austrians are pushing the Spaniards back from Naples . But when this gives up its neutrality again, the Austrian army has to withdraw to Tuscany .
• December 18 : Austria's Archduchess Maria Theresa deported the Jews from Prague and Bohemia . You are accused of helping Prussia to conquer Prague during the Silesian War .

Ostfriesland

• March 14 : The Emden Convention regulates the annexation of County of East Frisia by Prussia after the extinction of Cirksenas - dynasty . It ends in the same year with the death of Prince Carl Edzard .
• May 25 : The Principality of East Friesland falls to Prussia after the death of the last Prince Carl Edzard . Friedrich II lets the country be occupied from Emden without resistance. On June 23, the estates pay homage to the Prussian crown.

American colonies

• March: King George's War begins.

economy

Sotheby's office on New Bond Street, London

• March 11th : Sotheby’s auction house holds its first auction.

• The Neva Porzilin Manufactory in Saint Petersburg is founded.

Culture

literature

First edition of the contributions from Bremen

• The writer Karl Christian Gärtner founds the weekly magazine New Articles for the Pleasure of Mind and Joke in Bremen, published by Nathanael Saurmann . She is considered the mouthpiece of the Saxon school of poetry. Johann Andreas Cramer , Johann Arnold Ebert , Gottlieb Wilhelm Rabener , Johann Adolf Schlegel and Konrad Arnold Schmid have worked together with gardeners since the company was founded.

Music and theater

→ Main article : Music year 1744

• January 8 : On the occasion of the wedding of Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria and Duke Karl Alexander von Lothringen , the opera Ipermestra by Johann Adolph Hasse based on the libretto by Pietro Metastasio is premiered in Vienna as part of a private event . On January 25 , the actual premiere will take place on Court Theater .
• February 10 : The dramatic oratorio The Story of Semele by George Frideric Handel is premiered at the Theater Royal, Covent Garden , London.
• March 2 : The oratorio Joseph and his Brethren by George Frideric Handel is premiered at the Theater Royal, Covent Garden , London.
• April: Giuseppe Bonno's setting of Pietro Metastasio's libretto La danza has its world premiere at the Hofburg in Vienna .
• October 10 : The comedy La Dispute ( The dispute ) by Pierre de Marivaux will premiere in France.

society

Sophie von Anhalt-Zerbst

• July 9 : A day before her engagement to the Russian Grand Duke and heir Peter Fedorovich converted Princess Sophie Auguste Friederike of Anhalt-Zerbst from the Lutheran Evangelical to Orthodox faith and gets honor Jekaterinas I. , the mother of the reigning Empress Elizabeth Petrovna , the Name Ekaterina Alexeyevna.
• August 10 : Frederick the Great orders that vineyard terraces be created on a slope in Potsdam .

• Luise Ulrike von Prussia founds the Order of the Fan as a knightly order of women .

Hamburger leaflet of 1744 about the upcoming show Tour rhinoceros Clara , the representation of the animal is at Dürer woodblock oriented

religion

• Pope Benedict XIV promulgates the papal bull Omnium solicitudinum . In the bull, which follows directly from the previous bull Ex quo singulari , he summarizes all missionary activities performed so far and underlines their importance. At the same time he calls the missionaries, primarily the Jesuits, to obedience.

Disasters

• October 4th / 5th : The British sailing ship Victory and its 1,150-strong crew go down in a storm in the English Channel .

nature and environment

The Great Comet on February 16, 1744 over Nuremberg

• March 1 : The Great Comet C / 1743 X1 , first visible on earth last year , reaches its perihelion passage.

Sports

• March 7th : The Gentlemen Golfers of Leith present the first rules of golf to the Edinburgh City Council . On April 2nd the first golf tournament for the silver spoon donated by the city will take place.

• In England a game called base ball is mentioned for the first time.

Born

January to May

• 0January 5 : Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos , Spanish statesman, political writer and poet († 1811 )
• January 10 : Thomas Mifflin , American politician and general, Governor of Pennsylvania († 1800 )
• January 15 : Ebenezer Hazard , American politician, Postmaster General († 1817 )

• 0February 2 : Willibrord van Os , old Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht († 1825 )
• 0February 5 : John Jeffries , American doctor and aviation pioneer († 1819 )
• 0February 8th : Georg Alexander Heinrich Herrmann von Callenberg , registrar of the free class rule Muskau († 1795 )
• 0February 8 : Karl Theodor von Dalberg , Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, Imperial Arch Chancellor († 1817 )
• February 13 : John Walker , American politician († 1809 )
• February 14 : Sophie Arnould , French actress, singer and salonière († 1802 )
• February 16 : Johann Georg Otto , German civil servant († 1829 )
• February 21 : Eise Eisinga , Dutch astronomer († 1828 )
• February 23 : Josiah Quincy II , American lawyer († 1775 )
• February 23 : Mayer Amschel Rothschild , German merchant and banker († 1812 )
• February 25 : William Cornwallis , British admiral († 1819 )

• 0March 1 : Étienne Lenoir , French instrument maker († 1832 )
• 0March 4 : Christian Friedrich Matthäi , German classical philologist († 1811 )
• March 11 : José Anastácio da Cunha , Portuguese mathematician and poet († 1787 )
• March 16 : Nicolas-Germain Léonard , French poet and novelist († 1793 )
• March 27 : Alexei Ivanovich Mussin-Pushkin , Russian civil servant, historian, book and art collector († 1817 )

• April 22nd : Ernst Wilhelm Benjamin von Korckwitz , Prussian civil servant († 1802 )
• April 22nd : James Sullivan , American politician, governor of Massachusetts († 1808 )

• 0May 1st : Philipp Fischer , German physician and personal physician to Maximilian III. Joseph of Bavaria († 1800 )
• 0May 4th : Marianna von Martines , Austrian composer, harpsichordist and singer († 1812 )
• 0May 5 : Christian Rau , German legal scholar († 1818 )
• 0May 6 : Johann Christoph Kunze , German Protestant theologian and missionary († 1807 )
• 0May 8 : Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov , Russian journalist and editor († 1818 )
• May 19 : Sophie Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , Queen of Great Britain and Ireland as well as Electress of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and Queen of Hanover († 1818 )
• May 21 : Viktor Amadeus , Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym and Russian General († 1790 )
• May 31 : Richard Lovell Edgeworth , English author and inventor († 1817 )

June to August

• 0June 1 : Christian Gotthilf Salzmann , German Protestant pastor and educator († 1811 )
• 0June 5 : Henriette Katharina Agnes von Anhalt-Dessau , dean at Herford Abbey and Baroness von Loën († 1799 )
• 0June 7 : Gottlieb Hünerwadel , Swiss industrialist, politician and officer († 1820 )
• June 21 : Karl von Zyllnhardt , landlord in Mauer and head of the Bavarian General Forest Administration († 1816 )
• June 22nd : Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben , German scholar († 1777 )

• 0July 4th : Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin , German doctor, botanist and naturalist († 1774 )
• 0July 6th : Maria Josefa Carmela of Spain , Princess of Naples and Sicily, Infanta of Spain († 1801 )
• July 10 : Aaron Kitchell , American politician († 1820 )
• July 11 : Pierce Butler , American politician († 1822 )
• July 16 : Wilhelm Christian Oettel , German Protestant clergyman and educator († 1829 )
• July 17 : Elbridge Gerry , American politician, signatory of the Declaration of Independence, Governor of Massachusetts and Vice President of the United States († 1814 )
• July 19 : Heinrich Christian Boie , German poet and editor († 1806 )
• July 20 : Joshua Clayton , American politician, President / Governor of Delaware († 1798 )
• July 25 : Heinrich August Typke , German Protestant theologian († 1830 )
• July 26 : Maria Elisabeth Ziesenis , German painter († 1796 )
• July 31 : Peter Anker , Norwegian diplomat, governor of the Danish colony Tranquebar and art collector († 1832 )

• 0August 1 : Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck , French biologist († 1829 )
• August 11 : Tomás Antônio Gonzaga , Brazilian poet of Portuguese descent († 1810 )
• August 20 : Michelangelo Luchi , Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church († 1802 )
• August 20 : Karl Christian Tittmann , German Protestant theologian († 1820 )

Johann Gottfried Herder, 1785

• August 25 : Johann Gottfried Herder , German philosopher, theologian, writer and poet († 1803 )
• August 28 : Friederike Auguste Sophie von Anhalt-Bernburg , Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst, administrator of the Jever inheritance († 1827 )
• August 29 : Johann Wilhelm Schmid , German Protestant theologian († 1798 )
• August 31 : John Houstoun , American politician, governor of Georgia († 1796 )

September to December

• 0September 4 : Étienne Malmy , French Trappist, prior, abbot and monastery founder († 1840 )
• September 20 : Giacomo Quarenghi , Italian architect and painter in Russia († 1817 )
• September 23 : Alexander Trippel , German sculptor († 1793 )

Friedrich Wilhelm II., 1792

• September 25 : Friedrich Wilhelm II. , King of Prussia and Margrave of Brandenburg, Arch Chamberlain and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire († 1797 )

• 0October 6 : James McGill , Scottish-Canadian merchant, officer and philanthropist († 1813 )
• October 10 : Michael Hieronymus Prince Radziwiłł , Lithuanian-Polish magnate († 1831 )
• October 16 : Johann Friedrich Neidhart , German educator and headmaster († 1825 )
• October 25 : Daniel Berger , German engraver († 1825 )

• 0November 4 : Johann III Bernoulli , Swiss astronomer († 1807 )
• 0November 7th : Albrecht Heinrich von Arnim , Prussian Minister of Justice († 1805 )
• 0November 8 : Christian Gottfried Gruner , German physician and historian († 1815 )
• 0November 9 : Johann Michael Söckler , German engraver († 1781 )
• November 11 : Abigail Adams , American first wife and mother († 1818 )
• November 25 : Felix de Avellar Brotero , Portuguese botanist († 1828 )
• November 30 : Karl Ludwig von Knebel , German poet and translator († 1834 )

• 0December 6 : David Vogel , Swiss architect, architectural theorist and politician († 1808 )
• December 10 : Antoine-Joseph-Eulalie de Beaumont d'Autichamp , French military († 1822 )
• December 13 : Anne Louise de Jouy Brillon , French harpsichordist, pianist and composer († 1824 )
• December 13 : Jón Þorláksson , Icelandic writer and translator († 1819 )
• December 15 : Eberhard von der Recke , German lawyer and politician, Governor General of Saxony († 1816 )
• December 19 : Karl von Hessen-Kassel , non-ruling Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel and Danish governor of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein († 1836 )
• December 21 : Anne Vallayer-Coster , French painter († 1818 )
• December 25 : Robert Brown , American politician († 1823 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Franz Xaver von Auffenberg , Austrian officer († 1815 )
• Josef Bárta , Czech composer († 1787 )
• Berr-Isaak Berr , campaigner for the emancipation of the Jews in France († 1828 )
• Ludwig Friedrich von Domhardt , Prussian civil servant († 1814 )
• Koikawa Harumachi , Japanese writer († 1789 )
• Johann Nepomuk Kaňka senior , Bohemian lawyer and composer († 1798 )
• Christian Friedrich Nürnberger , German physician and botanist († 1795 )
• Flavius ​​Scheuermann , German Franciscan priest, organist and composer († unknown)
• Maha Surasinghanat , viceroy and leader of the Siamese army of Ayutthaya († 1803 )

Died

First half of the year

• 0January 4th : Johann Jacob Eybelwieser , Silesian painter of Austrian origin (* around 1667 )
• January 15 : Charles-Hubert Gervais , French conductor and composer (* 1671 )
• January 18 : Michele Marieschi , Italian painter (* 1710 )
• January 20 : Richard Jones , English violinist and composer
• January 24th : Marie Poussepin , French nun and founder of the order (* 1653 )
• January 29th : Thomas Mansel, 2nd Baron Mansel , Welsh nobleman (* 1719 )

• 0February 5 : Hermann Friedrich Teichmeyer , German medic (* 1685 )
• February 14 : John Hadley , English astronomer and mathematician (* 1682 )
• February 15 : František Vaclav Míča , Czech composer (* 1694 )

• 0March 4 : Gottlieb Stolle , German polyhistor (* 1673 )
• March 14 : Johann Ulrich von König , German writer and opera librettist (* 1688 )
• March 19 : Ernst Christoph Arnoldi , German legal scholar (* 1696 )
• March 20 : William Maxwell, 5th Earl of Nithsdale , Scottish nobleman (* 1676 )
• March 31 : Johann Ulrich Tresenreuter , German pedagogue, philologist, philosopher and Protestant theologian (* 1710 )

• 0April 1st : Pedro Malo de Villavicencio , Spanish lawyer and colonial administrator, viceroy of New Spain (* 1673 )
• 0April 5 : Maria Crescentia Höss , German Franciscan superior and Catholic saint (* 1682 )
• April 11 : Antioch Dmitrijewitsch Kantemir , Russian poet, satirist and diplomat (* 1708 )
• April 26 : Domenico Sarro , Neapolitan composer (* 1679 )

• 0May 3 : Sophie Eleonore , Princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (* 1658 )

Different Celsius

• 0May 6 : Anders Celsius , Swedish astronomer, mathematician and physicist (* 1701 )
• May 17th : Bonaventura Schwanthaler , Bavarian sculptor and leader of the Bavarian people's uprising (* 1678 )
• May 25 : Carl Edzard , Count of East Friesland (* 1716 )
• May 30 : Alexander Pope , English poet, translator, editor and writer (* 1688 )

• June 20 : Johann Ignaz Egedacher , south German organ builder (* 1675 )
• June 27th : Jean Frédéric Bernard , French bookseller, author, translator, printer and publisher (* 1680 )
• June 29th : André Campra , French composer (* 1660 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 9 : Kasper Niesiecki , Polish Jesuit and heraldist (* 1682 )
• July 14 : Jakob Immanuel Pyra , German poet (* 1715 )

• 0August 4th : Philippine Elisabeth Cäsar , Duchess of Saxony-Meiningen (* 1686 )
• 0August 9 : James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos , British nobleman, builder and patron (* 1673 )
• August 16 : Johann Jakob Dachs , Swiss Protestant clergyman (* 1667 )

• 0September 1 : Friedrich Anton , Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (* 1692 )
• 0September 7th : Karl Friedrich , Prince of Fürstenberg (* 1714 )
• September 12 : Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg-Schwedt , Prussian officer (* 1715 )
• September 25 : Jakob Tillmann von Hallberg , Palatine court chancellor and conference minister (* 1681 )

• 0October 5 : Friedrich Benedict Carpzov II , German lawyer and jurist (* 1702 )
• October 12 : Peter Cornelius Beyweg , auxiliary bishop in Speyer (* 1670 )
• October 17th : Guarneri del Gesù , Italian violin maker (* 1698 )
• October 18 : Sarah Jenyns , British lady-in-waiting, childhood friend and close confidante of Queen Anne and wife of John Churchill (* 1660 )
• October 21 : Wilhelmine von Graevenitz , Mecklenburg noblewoman, mistress of Duke Eberhard Ludwig von Württemberg (* 1685 )
• October 22 : Leopold Anton von Firmian , Prince-Bishop of Salzburg (* 1679 )
• October 29 : Ishida Baigan , Japanese scholar (* 1685 )
• October 31 : Leonardo Leo , Italian composer (* 1694 )

• November 13 : Johannes Nicolaus Kuhn , German architect (* 1670 )
• November 19 : Ambrosius Franz von Virmont , Count of Neersen (* 1682 or 1684 )
• November 26th : Christopher Mansel, 3rd Baron Mansel , Welsh nobleman and politician (* around 1699 )
• November 29 : Bartolomeo Carlo Rastrelli , Italian-Russian sculptor, art caster and architect (* 1675 )

• 0December 8th : Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle , French nobleman, mistress of Louis XV. (* 1717 )
• December 12th : Christoph Starke , German Protestant theologian (* 1684 )
• December 13 : Charlotte de La Mothe-Houdancourt , governess of the royal children of France, especially of King Louis XV. (* 1654 )
• December 16 : Maria Anna of Austria , Duchess of Lorraine (* 1718 )
• December 17th : Johanna Magdalena von Gersdorf , German hymn poet (* 1706 )
• December 19 : Georg Olivier von Wallis , Imperial Field Marshal and General Commander of the Kingdom of Sicily (* 1673 )
• December 23 : Elisabeth Charlotte de Bourbon-Orléans , Duchess of Lorraine and Princess of Commercy (* 1676 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Zacharias Allewelt , Danish-Norwegian navigator (* 1682 )
• Isaak Aaron Arnstein , German-Austrian banker and court factor (* 1682 )
• Mihai Racoviță , Prince of Moldavia and Wallachia
• Martin Vinazer , Tyrolean sculptor (* 1674 )

Web links

Commons : 1744  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files