1823

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1823
In his State of the Union address , US President James Monroe formulated the Monroe Doctrine .	The Chilean dictator Bernardo O'Higgins is overthrown.
A slave revolt breaks out in Demerara - Essequibo in what is now Guyana .
1823 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1271/72 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1815/16 (September 11-12)
Bengali solar calendar	1228/29 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2366/67 (southern Buddhism); 2365/66 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	75th (76th) cycle Year of the Water Sheep癸未 ( at the beginning of the year Water Horse壬午)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1185/86 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4156/57 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1201/02
Islamic calendar	1238/1239 (turn of the year 6/7 September)
Jewish calendar	5583/84 (September 5-6)
Coptic calendar	1539/40 (September 11-12)
Malayalam calendar	998/999
Seleucid era	Babylon: 2133/34 (turn of the year April) Syria: 2134/35 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1879/80 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

America

• January 18 : Dictator Bernardo O'Higgins is overthrown in Chile and replaced by a junta. Ramón Freire y Serrano marches on the capital and becomes the new head of state on April 5th .
• February 1 : Casa Mata's plan to transform Mexico into a federal republic is passed.
• July 1 : The Central American Confederation is formed , from which the independent republics of Guatemala , Honduras , El Salvador , Nicaragua and Costa Rica emerge in 1839
• August 18 : A slave revolt breaks out in Demerara - Essequibo in what is now Guyana . He is put down on August 22nd .
• September: Treaty of Moultrie Creek
• December 2 : US President James Monroe formulates the Monroe Doctrine in his report to the United States Congress . In it he asserts the existence of two political spheres, emphasizes the non-interference of the USA in European conflicts and calls for an end to all colonization efforts in America.

Europe

• April 7th : French invasion of Spain - troops from the neighboring country move into Spain on behalf of the Holy Alliance to fight insurgents and to renew the reign of King Ferdinand VII .
• May 27th : Infant Miguel of Portugal leads the Vilafrancada , an absolutist uprising against his liberal father John VI. The uprising is put down.
• August 31 : The Battle of Trocadero wins on behalf of the Holy Alliance to Spain indented French army against the in Cádiz concentrated resurgent militias. The bourgeois revolution in Spain is as good as crushed.
• September 23rd : The city of Cadiz , held by liberal revolutionaries, falls after the French invasion of Spain to crush the Spanish Revolution .
• November: The Ottoman forces end the two-year siege of Mesolongi .

• Elector Wilhelm II of Hessen-Kassel receives an anonymous letter in which he is threatened with death if he does not meet several ultimate demands. The threatening letter affair is the occasion for radical police state measures against suspected and feared opposition efforts in the Electorate of Hesse .

Antarctic

• February 23 : The English navigator James Weddell is the first to penetrate to 74 ° 15 'south during an Antarctic expedition .

science and technology

• April 10 : The Royal Building Trade School is founded in Munich . It is the first training institute for craftsmen in construction in the German-speaking area.

Culture

literature

• James Fenimore Cooper publishes the novel The Pioneers, or the Sources of the Susquehanna , the first published volume of his leather stocking cycle.
• George Gordon Byron writes his Don Juan (Byron) as an epic satire in Kefalonia .

Music and theater

→ Main article : Music year 1823

• February 3 : The world premiere of the opera Semiramide ( Semiramis ) by Gioacchino Rossini based on a libretto by Gaetano Rossi takes place at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice. Rossini wrote the title role for his wife Isabella Colbran .
• February 15 : The opera Cordelia by Conradin Kreutzer with the libretto by Pius Alexander Wolff is premiered at the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna. Not least thanks to its first interpreter Wilhelmine Schröder , the opera becomes an extraordinary success.
• April 11th : The romantic opera Sulmona by Peter Joseph von Lindpaintner is premiered in Stuttgart.
• August 20 : The tragedy Almansor by Heinrich Heine has its premiere at the National Theater Braunschweig staged by Ernst August Friedrich Klingemann , who has intervened in several ways in the piece. The performance turns into a fiasco and has to be stopped after tumultuous scenes in the auditorium. The unsuccessful premiere remains, as far as is known, the only staging of the piece, as well as one of Heine's dramas.
• December 1st : The world premiere of the second version of the opera Libussa by Conradin Kreutzer takes place in Berlin.

Others

The "court jester of King Carneval" is the earliest known depiction of the first masked procession

• February 10 : The first from 1823 eV Festival Committee of the Cologne carnival organized Cologne Rosenmontagszug starts with the motto accession of heroes Carneval in Cologne city center.

• The Munich Art Association and the Bremen Art Association are founded.

society

• March 1 : In Vienna, the Volksgarten becomes the first park in court ownership to open to the public.

• The Athenaeum Club is founded in London for artists, writers and scientists .

religion

• July 15th : In the evening in Rome, a craftsman working on the roof sets the church of St. Paul on fire in front of the walls . The fourth century church is badly damaged by the fire.
• September 21 : According to his own statements, a heavenly being named Moroni appears to the later founder of the religion, Joseph Smith , who points out ancient gold plates buried in a nearby hill to him.

Born

January February

• 0January 1 : Sándor Petőfi , Hungarian national poet († 1849 )
• 0January 1 : Hans Wachenhusen , German writer († 1898 )
• 0January 3 : Jacques-Nicolas Lemmens , Belgian organist and composer († 1881 )

Robert Whitehead

• 0January 3 : Robert Whitehead , British engineer and designer († 1905 )
• 0January 4 : Benjamin F. Harding , American politician († 1899 )
• 0January 4 : Peter Joseph Osterhaus , revolutionary 48, general of the Northern States in the Civil War († 1917 )
• 0January 5 : Emil Palleske , German actor and writer († 1880 )
• 0January 8 : Alfred Russel Wallace , British zoologist († 1913 )
• 0January 9 : Friedrich von Esmarch , German doctor († 1908 )
• January 15 : Josef Seiler , German poet, composer and organist († 1877 )
• January 16 : Louise Zeller , German author of historical novels († 1889 )
• January 18 : Victor Luffy , Swiss politician († 1869 )
• January 20 : Imre Madách , Hungarian playwright († 1864 )
• January 24th : Wilhelm Franz Speer , German composer, organist and choir conductor († 1898 )
• January 27 : Édouard Lalo , French composer († 1892 )

• 0February 1 : Benno Richard von Arent , Prussian lieutenant general († 1899 )
• 0February 1 : Edme Charles Philippe Lepère , French statesman († 1885 )
• 0February 3 : Karl Christian Andreae , German painter († 1904 )
• 0February 3 : Benjamin Jaurès , French admiral († 1889 )
• 0February 3 : Spencer Fullerton Baird , American ornithologist and ichthyologist († 1887 )
• 0February 5 : August Wilhelm Dieckhoff , Lutheran theologian at the University of Göttingen († 1894 )
• 0February 7 : Richard Genée , Austrian librettist, playwright and composer († 1895 )
• February 12 : Christian Friedrich Arnold , German architect and academy professor († 1890 )
• February 12 : Richard Belcredi , Austrian politician († 1902 )
• February 14 : Samuel Apolant , German rabbi († 1898 )
• February 14 : Heinrich Rückert , German historian and Germanist († 1875 )
• February 14 : Royal C. Taft , American politician († 1912 )
• February 15 : Li Hongzhang , Chinese general and statesman († 1901 )
• February 21 : Udo III. von Alvensleben , manor owner († 1910 )
• February 21 : Eduard Oscar Schmidt , German zoologist († 1886 )
• February 21 : Julius Jolly , Baden State Minister († 1891 )
• February 23 : Adolph Kullak , German pianist and music writer († 1862 )
• February 26 : Gustav Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst , German Cardinal Bishop († 1896 )
• February 27 : Bernhard von Werder , Prussian infantry general († 1907 )
• February 27 : William Buel Franklin , General in the US Army († 1903 )
• February 28 : Friedrich Franz II. , Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin († 1883 )
• February 28 : Ernest Renan , French writer, historian, archaeologist and orientalist († 1892 )

March April

• 0March 6 : Karl I , King of Württemberg († 1891 )
• 0March 8 : Gyula Andrássy , Austro-Hungarian politician († 1890 )
• March 12 : Hermann Rogalla von Bieberstein , German-American civil engineer and politician († 1906 )
• March 18 : Antoine Chanzy , French general and diplomat († 1883 )
• March 17 : Peter Imandt , German representative of the labor movement and revolutionary († 1897 )
• March 22nd : Christoph Ernst Luthardt , German theologian (19th century) († 1902 )
• March 23 : Josef Chmelíček , Czech Cistercian priest , theologian, organist and composer († 1891 )
• March 23 : Schuyler Colfax , American politician († 1885 )
• March 26th : Johannes Münze , pioneer of the German labor movement († 1868 )
• March 30 : James Cox Aikins , Canadian politician († 1904 )
• March 31 : Ernest Doudart de Lagrée , French explorer and seaman († 1868 )

• 0April 2 : Julius Ostendorff , member of the Frankfurt National Assembly († 1877 )
• 0April 2 : Samuel W. Hale , American politician († 1891 )
• 0April 3 : William Tweed , American politician († 1878 )
• 0April 4 : Carl Wilhelm Siemens , German industrialist († 1883 )
• 0April 4 : Robert Byington Mitchell , American politician († 1882 )
• 0April 5 : Maria Arndts , German writer († 1882 )
• April 10 : Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb , General of the Confederate States († 1862 )
• April 13 : Oskar Schlömilch , German mathematician († 1901 )
• April 16 : Gotthold Eisenstein , German mathematician († 1852 )
• April 25 : Abdülmecid I , Ottoman Sultan († 1861 )
• April 25 : Christian Friedrich August Dillmann , German orientalist and theologian († 1894 )
• April 30 : Paul Janet , French philosopher († 1899 )

May June

• 0May 6 : Hermann Eschke , German painter († 1900 )
• 0May 6 : Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl , German writer and cultural historian († 1897 )
• 0May 9 : Frederick Weld , Prime Minister of New Zealand and Governor of three British colonies († 1891 )
• May 10 : John Sherman , American politician († 1900 )
• May 12 : John Russel Hind , British astronomer († 1895 )
• May 18 : Johannes August Speltz , Frankfurt lawyer and politician († 1893 )
• May 23 : Friedrich Strampfer , Austrian actor and theater director († 1890 )
• May 23 : Ante Starčević , Croatian politician, publicist and author († 1896 )
• May 24th : Johann Kravogl , gunsmith and mechanic († 1889 )
• May 24 : Peter Alberg Holm , Faroese pastor and author († 1892 )
• May 30 : Reinhold Johow , German lawyer († 1904 )

• June 12 : William H. Hunt , American politician († 1884 )
• June 21 : Jean Chacornac , French astronomer († 1873 )
• June 28 : Jules-Adenis de Colombeau , French journalist, writer and librettist († 1900 )
• June 28 : Johann Wilhelm Schwedler , German civil engineer and construction officer († 1894 )
• June 30 : Selmar Bagge , German composer († 1896 )

July August

• 0July 1 : Charles B. Farwell , American politician († 1903 )
• 0July 2 : James W. Patterson , American politician († 1893 )
• 0July 6 : Ahmed Vefik Pasha , Turkish statesman († 1891 )
• 0July 9 : Phineas Gage , American railroad worker († 1860 )

Alexander von Hessen-Darmstadt, lithograph by Eduard Kaiser 1849

• July 15 : Alexander von Hessen-Darmstadt , founder of the modern House of Battenberg († 1888 )
• July 17 : Ferdinand Genähr , German missionary in China († 1864 )
• July 22nd : Ludwig Bamberger , German banker and politician († 1899 )
• July 31 : Édouard-Gérard Balbiani , a French zoologist and microbiologist († 1899 )
• July 31 : Theodor von Lerber , Swiss educator and school founder († 1901 )

• 0August 2 : Edward Freeman , British historian († 1892 )
• 0August 3 : Thomas J. Robertson , American politician († 1897 )
• 0August 4 : Oliver Hazard Perry Throck Morton , American politician († 1877 )
• 0August 7th : Faustina Hasse Hodges , American composer and organist († 1895 )
• 0August 8 : Carl Wallau , Lord Mayor of Mainz († 1877 )
• August 15 : Orris S. Ferry , American politician († 1875 )
• August 17 : Theodor Julius Jaffé , German actor († 1898 )
• August 20 : Carl Adler , German lawyer and politician († 1896 )

September October

• 0September 5 : Willibald Beyschlag , German Protestant theologian and professor († 1900 )
• 0September 8 : Otto von Scholley , Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal († 1907 )
• September 12 : Kornel Ujejski , Polish poet († 1897 )
• September 16 : Mihailo Obrenović , Serbian prince († 1868 )
• September 24 : Bernhard Dächsel , Prussian Judicial Council († 1888 )
• September 27 : Karl Gaertner , engineer, entrepreneur and politician († 1886 )
• September 28 : Alexandre Cabanel , French painter († 1889 )
• September 30 : Rudolf Gottschall , German writer († 1909 )

• 0October 8 : Ivan Sergejewitsch Aksakow , Russian writer and Slavophile († 1886 )
• October 13 : Franz Erwein , Austrian politician († 1891 )
• October 13 : Immanuel Faißt , German composer and university professor († 1894 )
• October 15 : William Adams , English engineer († 1904 )
• October 19 : Robert Riefenstahl , German landscape painter († 1903 )
• October 20 : Edme Armand Gaston duc d'Audiffret-Pasquier , French politician († 1905 )
• October 20 : Arnold Ipolyi , Hungarian clergyman, historian and art historian († 1886 )
• October 21 : Emilio Arrieta , Spanish composer († 1894 )
• October 23 : Wilhelm Heyd , German librarian and historian († 1906 )
• October 24 : James Milton Smith , American politician († 1890 )
• October 25 : Hans Kudlich , Austrian doctor and politician († 1917 )
• October 26 : Karl Weinhold , German Germanist († 1901 )
• October 31 : Karl Roth von Schreckenstein , German historian, writer and archivist († 1894 )

November December

Joseph Monier

• 0November 8 : Joseph Monier , gardener, invented reinforced concrete († 1906 )
• November 10 : Kristian Arentzen , Danish poet and literary historian († 1899 )
• November 11 : Jakob Amsler-Laffon , Swiss mathematician, physicist, engineer and manufacturer († 1912 )
• November 16 : Henry G. Davis , American entrepreneur and politician († 1916 )
• November 18 : Charles Henry Bell , American politician († 1893 )
• November 19 : Gustav Schleicher , German-American engineer, entrepreneur and politician († 1879 )
• November 19 : Moritz Schmidt , German classical philologist († 1888 )
• November 20 : Edmond Dédé , American composer and violinist († 1903 )
• November 20 : Bethel Henry Strousberg , German entrepreneur from the early days († 1884 )
• November 29 : Yuri Nikolajewitsch Golitsyn , Russian composer († 1872 )
• November 29 : La Fayette Grover , American politician († 1911 )
• November 29 : Karl Krause , German entrepreneur († 1902 )
• November 30th : Nathanael Pringsheim , German botanist († 1894 )

• 0December 1 : Karl Schenk , Swiss politician († 1895 )
• 0December 6 : Friedrich Max Müller , German linguist († 1900 )
• 0December 7th : Leopold Kronecker , German mathematician († 1891 )
• December 10 : Theodor Kirchner , German composer, conductor, organist and pianist († 1903 )
• December 12 : Kazimierz Góralczyk , Polish writer, poet and playwright († 1883 )
• December 13 : Emil Annecke , German revolutionary and North American lawyer († 1888 )
• December 13 : Jules Louis Lewal , French general and military writer († 1908 )
• December 21 : Jean-Henri Fabre , French entomologist and author († 1915 )
• December 22 : Thomas Wentworth Higginson , American writer and abolitionist († 1911 )
• December 27 : Mackenzie Bowell , Canadian politician († 1917 )
• December 28 : Thomas Alexander Scott , Deputy Secretary of War in the American Civil War († 1883 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Martin Achleitner , "water supervisor" in Munich († 1882 )
• Josef Arnold the Younger , Austrian fresco, portrait and landscape painter († 1862 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 13 : Matthias Jorissen , German pastor and hymn poet (* 1739 )
• January 14th : Ernst von Rüchel , Prussian general of the infantry (* 1754 )
• January 17th : Zacharias Werner , German poet and playwright (* 1768 )
• January 25 : Johann Heinrich Bleuler , Swiss painter and engraver (* 1758 )
• January 26th : Edward Jenner , English doctor and discoverer of the smallpox vaccination (* 1749 )
• January 30th : Rudolph von Wrbna , Austrian civil servant (* 1761 )

• 0February 4 : Franz Bühler , German Benedictine monk, musician and composer (* 1760 )
• 0February 7 : Carl Heinrich Wilhelm Anthing , German officer (* 1766 )
• 0February 7th : Ann Radcliffe , English writer (* 1764 )
• February 14 : Pierre Paul Prud'hon , French painter (* 1758 )
• February 16 : Alexander Ferdinand von Mellentin , Royal Saxon Major General (* 1757 )
• February 16 : Johann Gottfriedschicht , German composer, Gewandhauskapellmeister, Thomaskantor (* 1753 )
• February 17th : Friedrich von Kleist , Prussian Field Marshal General (* 1762 )
• February 21 : Salomon Friedrich Merkel , German lawyer (* 1760 )
• February 23 : Peter Anton Ulrich Piutti , Italian entrepreneur and merchant in Germany (* 1750 )
• February 25 : Wassilij Athanasieff , Russian court chaplain and confessor of the Württemberg Queen (* 1788 )

• 0March 1 : Pierre-Jean Garat , French singer (baritone) (* 1762 )
• 0March 4 : Charles-François Dumouriez , French general (* 1739 )
• 0March 9 : Hans Conrad Escher von der Linth , Swiss scientist, civil engineer, manufacturer, painter, cartographer and politician (* 1767 )
• March 10 : Gottlieb Ludolph Krehl , German Protestant clergyman (* 1745 )
• March 14th : John Jervis, Earl of St. Vincent , British Admiral (* 1735 )
• March 17th : Marguerite-Catherine Haynault , French lady-in-waiting and mistress of Louis XV. (* 1736 )
• March 19 : Luis María de Borbón y Vallabriga , Infant of Spain, Cardinal and Archbishop of Toledo (* 1777 )
• March 22nd : Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski , son of Prince August Alexander and his wife Maria Zofia (* 1734 )
• March 25 : Joseph Anton Christ , actor (* 1744 )

• 0April 4th : Amalie Luise , Princess and Duchess of Arenberg (* 1789 )
• 0April 7th : Jacques Alexandre César Charles , French physicist (* 1746 )
• April 10 : Carl Leonhard Reinhold , Austrian representative of the German Enlightenment (* 1757 )
• April 15 : Johann Christian Josef Abs , German educator (* 1781 )
• April 18 : George Cabot , American politician (* 1752 )
• April 23 : Aaron Arrowsmith , English cartographer, engraver and publisher (* 1750 )
• April 29 : Dwight Foster , American politician (* 1757 )

• 0May 9 : Johann Nicolaus Apel , German author, doctor of philosophy, natural scientist, designer and politician (* 1757 )
• May 15 : Antonín František Bečvařovský , Czech composer (* 1754 )
• May 16 : Ōta Nampo , Japanese writer (* 1749 )
• May 17th : Giambattista Dall'Olio , Italian musician (* 1739 )
• May 29 : Girolamo Ruggia , Swiss Jesuit and university professor (* 1748 )

• 0June 1 : Louis-Nicolas Davout , French general, peer and marshal of France (* 1770 )
• 0June 1 : Franz Joseph Werfer , German doctor and author of a medical description of the country (* 1778 )
• June 20 : Theodor von Schacht , German composer (* 1748 )
• June 20 : Joseph Haslet , American politician (* 1769 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 8 : Henry Raeburn , Scottish portrait painter (* 1756 )
• July 16 : Benedikt Maria von Werkmeister , German Roman Catholic theologian (* 1745 )
• July 22nd : William Bartram , American naturalist (* 1739 )
• July 27 : Mathias von Flurl , founder of Bavarian mineralogy and geology (* 1756 )

• 0August 2 : Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot , French politician and scientist (* 1753 )
• 0August 4th : Caspar Zeller , entrepreneur (* 1756 )

Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus

• August 20 : Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus , German publisher (* 1772 )
• August 20 : Pius VII , Pope (* 1742 )

• 0September 6th : Johann Heinrich Voigt , German mathematician, astronomer and physicist (* 1751 )
• September 11th : David Ricardo , British economist (* 1772 )
• September 13 : John Wayles Eppes , American politician (* 1773 )
• September 14 : Jürgen von Ahlefeldt , German bailiff (* 1748 )
• September 18 : Carl Heinrich Nicolai , German homeland researcher (* 1739 )
• September 18 : Roger de Damas , French general (* 1765 )
• September 24th : Johann Baptist Andres , German historian, theologian, philosopher and canon lawyer (* 1768 )

• 0October 3 : Joseph Bloomfield , American politician (* 1753 )
• 0October 7 : Johann Christian Hendel , German printer and publisher (* 1742 )
• 0October 8 : Jean N. Destréhan , American politician and planter (* 1754 )
• 0October 8 : Martin D. Hardin , American politician (* 1780 )
• October 23 : Marcos Coelho Neto , Brazilian composer (* 1763 )
• October 26 : Amalie Christiane , Princess of Baden (* 1776 )
• October 30th : Edmond Cartwright , British inventor (* 1743 )

• 0November 1 : Heinrich Wilhelm von Gerstenberg , German playwright (* 1737 )
• 0November 7th : Rafael del Riego , Spanish revolutionary (* 1784 or 1785 )
• 0November 8 : Masanori Abe , Japanese nobleman (* 1806 )
• November 18 : Jean-Nicolas Pache , French politician (* 1746 )
• November 23 : José de Ezpeleta , Spanish officer, colonial administrator and viceroy of New Granada and Navarre (* 1742 )

Giovanni Battista Belzoni

• 0December 3 : Giovanni Battista Belzoni , Italian adventurer, weightlifter (* 1778 )
• December 24th : James Gandon , British architect (* 1742 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Arabi ad-Darqawi , Moroccan Sufi and writer (* 1760 )
• Martin Friedrich Arendt , German botanist and archaeologist (* 1773 )
• Jager Afrikaner , captain of Orlam (* 1760 )
• Georg Anreith , German builder (* 1751 )
• Sergei Malzow , Russian entrepreneur (* 1771 )

Web links

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