Royal Building Trade School
At the turn of the 18th to the 19th century, there were efforts across Europe to build the increasingly demanding technical and craft practice on a stronger scientific basis. The Royal Building Trade School was founded in Munich . It went back to the building handicraft lessons that had been given by the teacher Hermann Mitterer at the Munich public holiday school since the beginning of 1821 . Two years later the lessons developed into a separate institute. Unlike in these cities, however, the focus here should be on a modern building industry oriented towards local needs, which even included the previously neglected rural area .
The training and further education of the builders and parlors to master builders took place from this point on with the possibility of state influence.
history
Initial efforts to train talented builders to become master builders were made in the Kingdom of Bavaria at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1803 or 1804 there was a special building trade for the first time at the public holiday school in Munich, which has existed since 1793. The lessons soon came to a standstill, however, and the school could not find the capacity for it in the long run.
In November 1820 there was a new attempt. There appeared “more than 32 master builders from the country, from various circles in our kingdom, partly of their own accord, partly encouraged by the government, in order to acquire the missing thorough knowledge, which are indispensable for them as real or future foremen, at school collect. […] So in this year our school formed, so to speak, by itself […] a proper building school for future agricultural masters, the first and only school of its kind in our kingdom. ”From the beginning of 1821 Hermann Mitterer, Teachers at the holiday school, the building handicraft lessons.
Long-term existence and financing remained uncertain over the next few years. It was not until April 10, 1823, that the Ministry of the Interior announced "that this school, which owes its existence to the charitable efforts of teacher Mitterer, would be continued every year in the winter months according to the plan presented under the special supervision of the district building inspector Vorherr." the building handicraft lessons that arose at the holiday school had been elevated to a separate school, the Royal Building Trade School, under the supervision of a representative of the district government. However, she continued to share the premises with the holiday school.
The idea of founding the school came from the Royal Building Councilor and architect Gustav Vorherr , who was also the editor of the monthly newspaper for building and national beautification. In addition to eight other teachers (e.g. the sculptor Ludwig Schwanthaler ), the headmaster was also the headmaster until his death.
The building trade school was a forerunner to the state building school , which was merged with six other engineering and other higher technical schools to form the Munich University of Applied Sciences in 1971 .
One of several institutions based on the Munich model was the Royal District Building Trade School in Kaiserslautern .
Training content
The aim of the training was “In general, the perfecting of the building craftsmen and the establishment of an improved folk system” through two departments, namely the journeymen and the master class. An average of 140 students from German-speaking countries, but also from almost all European countries, were taught each year. In addition to bricklayers / parlors, stone sculptors, carpenters, stove setters, mill builders, well makers, plasterers, locksmiths and others were also trained.
The subjects were varied, the workload had to be mastered “between Martini and Josephi”, ie from November 11th to March 19th. The school hours were “from early morning to late evening, a deliberate treatment like on a building site, because nothing is more perilous than messing up the lessons”.
Contents: freehand, construction and machine drawing, floor plans and elevations, construction, disposition and decoration, spelling and spelling, arithmetic, with a special focus on the construction subject, algebra, geometry with exercises in measuring, descriptive geometry and perspective, stone and woodcut with practical exercises in modeling, practical mechanics and hydraulics, wells, mill construction, construction machinery and building tools, technical chemistry, physics, building materials science, lectures on architecture, exercises in building and designing, drafting cost estimates, embossing, lithography, setting up lightning rods, Elements of land, water and road construction, “instructions to travel pleasantly and appropriately”, excursions to interesting building sites and important structures that have been carried out, art of beautifying the country and foreign language lessons (“when several come together”).
Predominant fund and architecture award
With the exception of foreign languages, the lessons were free of charge. School fees of four guilders were levied on “well-off strangers”. Through the Vorherr'schen Fonds, suitable graduates received “appropriate subsidies” for educational trips. In addition, every two years at Pentecost, a prize of 25 guilders (from 1827 50 guilders) was awarded for the best certificate from the Royal Building Trade School. This fund was administered by the Royal Education Foundation Administration and the price was formed from the interest capital.
In addition, from 1813 onwards, the Vorherrische Architekturpreis was awarded every two years for the most skilful construction apprentice at the Munich holiday school in the amount of a Louis d'or .
student
- Johann Georg Behringer
- Georg Bierling
- Bernhard Borst
- Johann Nepomuk Bürkel
- Georg Hartl
- Sebastian Hartl
- Jakob Heilmann
- Josef Unterpaintner
Teacher
- Dr. Karl Wilhelm Dempp
- Franz Xaver Eichheim
- Sebastian Haindl
- Dr. Georg Nagler
- Jacob Paris
- Xaver Perzl
- Carl August Reuter
- Lorenz Cupping
- Ludwig Schwanthaler
- Joseph Sedlmair
- Wilhelm Stephani
- Franz Zell
- Eduard Zimmermann
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ NN: Annual report on the condition of both the male and the female Feyertags school in Munich, Munich 1821, p. 15.
- ↑ BayHaSta, MK 22637, Geheime Raths-Acten K. State Ministry of the Interior, Baugewerkschule in Munich, Repertory Bd. VIII.
literature
- City Archives Munich: Nachlass Gustav Vorherr, Nos. 4, 21 and 23
- New general artist lexicon . 1852. pp. 539-541
- Regina Prinz: The architect Gustav Vorherr (1778–1848) and the idea of beautifying the country . In: Journal for Bavarian State History , 59, 1996.
- Georg Waldemer: From "sun building" and "mountain style": to the history of rural building in Upper Bavaria from 1800–1850. In: Schönere Heimat 3, 1886
- Winfried Nerdinger : Classicism in Bavaria and Swabia . Munich 1981
- Uta Poss: Is the Upper Palatinate farmhouse “Berlin-like”? A circumstantial trial . In: Bayerische Blätter für Volkskunde, 2002/1
- Monthly Gazette for Building and State Beautification No. 9, Munich, 1823
- Klaus Bäumler: Franz Xaver Eichheim (1806–1878) - The Munich building trade school . Munich, undated