Gustav predominance
Gustav Vorherr (born October 19, 1778 in Freudenbach / Creglingen , † October 1, 1847 in Munich ; full name: Johann Michael Christian Gustav Vorherr ) was a German architect and publicist . In addition, he was the chief construction officer of the young Kingdom of Bavaria. He officiated a. a. as board member of the Royal Building Trade School in Munich , campaigned for the "protection of antiquities" as early as the 1820s and was thus a pioneer of monument protection in Bavaria. As chairman of the Bavarian State Beautification Association he founded, he paved the way for the competition “ Our village has a future ”, which is still taking place today . As a publicist for the monthly newspaper for construction and state beautification in Bavaria , he provided sustainable models for public buildings throughout Bavaria.
Life
The father Johann Leonhard Vorherr (born November 2, 1746 - May 5, 1820) came from an old master builder and builder family with a coat of arms who operated their own sandstone quarry in Freudenbach / Creglingen, which is still owned by the family today.
Previously studied architecture in Erlangen and Berlin , economics in Marburg and natural sciences with simultaneous construction internship in Ansbach . He held a two-year scholarship from the Prussian government at the Berlin Art Academy. In 1806 he studied in Paris with Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand . He later went on study trips to Italy and Vienna (1816), Great Britain, France, the Netherlands and Switzerland (1825).
In 1800 he was appointed head of Graflich Görtz's construction department in Schlitz in Hesse, where he was in charge of the renovation of Hallenburg Castle and its ancillary buildings. In 1803 he went to Fulda as a construction officer - initially while retaining his office in Schlitz . In 1804 Vorherr became the head of public and court building (including planning Wilhelmstrasse, reconstruction of the residential palace).
From 1809 he was in the Bavarian service as "district construction inspector of the foundations and municipalities at the general commissioner of the Isarkkreis ". He had been a member of the Munich building commission since 1810 (building supervision over the Ludwigsvorstadt , for which he delivered a “general plan” in 1818). After the death of Emanuel Herigoyen in 1817/1818 until the appointment of Leo von Klenze through the intervention of King Ludwig I in the upper structure commissioner of the Ministry of the Interior, he was primarily in charge of public construction in Bavaria, which was reorganized during this time. Moved back to the district building authority, he gained great influence on the capital's construction industry as a speaker for the approval of private buildings in Munich.
Vorherr received numerous awards, he was a knight of the Greek Order of the Redeemer , carried the honorary title "Royal Bavarian Building Councilor", was an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Munich , the agricultural and polytechnical association and chairman of the Bavarian State Beautification Association. His idea of "land beautification" was continued in Prussia in particular by Peter Joseph Lenné ; the competition “Our village should become more beautiful”, renamed “ Our village has a future ” in 1998 , goes back to him.
As the church council of the first evangelical congregation in Munich, founded in 1806, Vorherr played an active part in building it up.
plant
Vorherr advocated an enlightened mankind and world improvement system based on a combination of agriculture, urban planning and architecture based on the Sonnenbaulehre of Bernhard Christoph Faust . The Munich City Archives has from the estate Vorherrs (no. 13) a copy of "hints about the building of houses and cities of the Sun" by Bernhard Christoph Faust, which is provided with a handwritten dedication, what a close friendship and lively exchange of ideas both close.
According to this system, reconstruction plans for burnt down places and districts (including for Seeshaupt , Schwabsoien , Weilheim , Thaining , Kolbermoor , Buch bei Landshut , Enghausen bei Moosburg) were drawn up . Since his appointment to Schlitz, Vorherr has worked as a teacher and publicist, particularly in the further training of building craftsmen (including drawing apprenticeship at the holiday school in Munich, from 1813; foundation of the Royal Building Trade School , 1823).
From 1821 to 1830 he acted as editor of the magazine “ monthly sheet for building and state beautification in Bavaria ”, in addition he published numerous papers, sample sheets (among other things for school buildings , rectories and stables ) and drafts (among other things for the connection of the Louvre with the Tuileries ), 1809. In 1811 Gustav Vorherr carried out the redesign of the two front sides (north and west facade) of the Church of St. Jacob .
He drew up plans for the conversion of the Salvatorkirche in Munich into a school and Protestant church in 1819. In 1818/1821 he worked on the layout of the Old South Cemetery (with the help of Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell as a garden designer ) in the sense of an “architecture parlante” (the cemetery floor plan has the shape of a sarcophagus). In 1822 he built the first Protestant church in Upper Bavaria, the Karolinenkirche in Großkarolinenfeld .
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He worked out a development plan for urban expansion for the areas around Sendlingerplatz and Isartorplatz as new districts; 1819 and 1821. So he planned the Sonnenstraße along the former city fortifications and the area west of Karlsplatz, including the construction of his own house directly opposite Karlstor (Karlsplatz 25), which was known as the “Vorherrhaus” and later housed the Grand Hôtel Bellevue . After its destruction in World War II , it was rebuilt as the Hotel Königshof . When planning Sonnenstrasse, Vorherr used the “open building system” for the first time in Munich, a variation of the same elements over a grid based on a modular system of proportions. The intellectual basis of the new architectural system was based on bourgeois ideals of economy (économie) and practicality (convenance). Travel reports of the 19th century, such as Edward Wilberforce, praise this then new construction method as “Houses that can spread freely and healthily, offer a cheerful, airy sight, especially when they are loosened up with trees and gardens and so much into a pleasant one Contributing to the cityscape ” . Above all, as a representative of the "moderate" progressive real revolutionary architecture .
Honors
A street is named after him in the Allach district of Munich . Johann Georg Behringer (1829–1919), a pupil of Vorherr, inherited and administered his professional estate. When it was handed over to the Munich City Archives, he repeated the request for a street to be named. The proposal to rename today's Prielmayerstraße not far from Vorherr's former home was not taken into account. Instead, the services of Vorherr are honored with a small street in the Munich district of Allach. However, the name is misspelled with "Priorstrasse".
tomb
Gustav Vorherr shares the grave in the Old Southern Cemetery with his wife, daughter Adeline and son-in-law Max Joseph Schleiß von Löwenfeld . It is located in grave field 23 - row 13 - place 26/27 location . Vorherr had designed the extension and design of the Old Southern Cemetery with the ground plan of a sarcophagus and a semicircular arcade (largely destroyed by bombs in 1943/1944) as a closure in the south. His trend-setting planning also included buildings that, in addition to a funeral hall, also contained dissection and burial rooms as well as accommodation for coroners.
literature
- Hyacinth Holland : Vorherr, Gustav . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 40, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1896, p. 303 f.
- Hans Lehmbruch: A new Munich. Urban planning and urban development around 1800. Research and documents. Buchendorf 1987.
- Winfried Nerdinger (Ed.): Classicism in Bavaria, Swabia and Franconia. Architectural drawings 1775–1825. (Exhibition catalog of the architecture collection of the Technical University of Munich and the Munich City Museum in connection with the Central Institute for Art History and the Bavarian Main State Archive.) Munich 1980.
- Winfried Nerdinger (Ed.): Romanticism and Restoration, Architecture in Bavaria at the time of Ludwig I, 1825–1848. Hugendubel, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-88034-309-8 .
- Regina Prinz: The architect Gustav Vorherr (1778–1848) and the idea of beautifying the country. In: Journal for Bavarian State History , 59 (1996).
- Georg Waldemer: The "beautification" of the village of Seeshaupt on Lake Starnberg. Traces of the work of Gustav Vorherr (1778–1847), royal building officer in the new Bavaria. In: Bayerisches Jahrbuch für Volkskunde , 2007.
- Bernhard Christoph Faust: Contribution to the building industry.
- Bernhard Christoph Faust: Suggestions about building houses and cities to face the sun.
- Hans Dollinger : The Munich street names. Ludwig, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7787-5174-3 .
- Gerhard Hetzer, Michael Stephan (ed.): Journey of discovery past. The beginnings of monument preservation in Bavaria. (Exhibition catalog No. 50 of the Bavarian State Archives.) Munich 2008.
- Oswald Hederer: Munich architecture around 1800 and statements on garden design. Munich 1952.
- Edward Wilberforce: A snob in Munich. The astonishing observations of Mr. Edward Wilberforce in Munich in 1860. Ehrenwirth Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-431-03112-9 .
- Josef H. Biller / Hans-Peter Rasp, Munich Art & Culture, Munich 2009,
- Margret Wanetschek: Green spaces in the urban planning of Munich. 1790-1860 . Newly published by Klaus Bäumler and Franz Schiermeier Franz Schiermeier Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 978-3-9809147-4-1
swell
- Munich City Archives, Vorherr estate No. 4, 20, 22, 24
- JM Chr. G. Vorherr: Allusions to the Directorate of Public Works in Baiern , June 1, 1819
- Monthly sheets for construction and country beautification 1821–1830
Individual evidence
- ^ Munich City Archives, Vorherr estate
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | First, Gustav |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Vorherr, Johann Michael Christian Gustav (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German architect and Bavarian construction officer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 19, 1778 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Freudenbach |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 1, 1847 |
| Place of death | Munich |